Exploring spatio-temporal hot spots of land price change with housing transaction data in Seoul

Examining Changes in the Value of Rural Land in New Zealand between 1989 and 2003

This paper uses valuation data from Quotable Value New Zealand to examine changes in the value of the rural land in New Zealand between 1989 and 2003. The value of rural land reflects the profitability of agriculture as well as the returns to alternative land uses, and has a large impact on the prosperity of rural areas. The paper highlights the importance of both changes in land use and changes in the value of land in different uses in explaining overall changes in land values. It also examines the relationship among productive characteristics of the land, the local climate, various local amenities, and changes in land values and land use to better understand what factors have been driving overall changes in the value of rural land across New Zealand. We find that the real value of rural land in all uses increased substantially over the years being examined. Land use in rural areas also changed considerably during this period, but these changes in land use were essentially uncorrelated with changes in land values. Our regression results indicate that rural land values increased the most in less populated areas with good climates and local amenities. Initial land use also plays an important role in explaining the variation in changes in rural land values with greater increases in land values found in areas with more land initially devoted to urban uses and commercial forestry, and less land initially devoted to horticulture and lifestyle uses.

This paper uses valuation data from Quotable Value New Zealand to examine changes in the value of the rural land in New Zealand between 1989 and 2003. The value of rural land reflects the profitability of agriculture as well as the returns to alternative land uses, and has a large impact on the prosperity of rural areas. The paper highlights the importance of both changes in land use and changes in the value of land in different uses in explaining overall changes in land values. It also examines the relationship among productive characteristics of the land, the local climate, various local amenities, and changes in land values and land use to better understand what factors have been driving overall changes in the value of rural land across New Zealand. We find that the real value of rural land in all uses increased substantially over the years being examined. Land use in rural areas also changed considerably during this period, but these changes in land use were essentially uncorrelated with changes in land values. Our regression results indicate that rural land values increased the most in less populated areas with good climates and local amenities. Initial land use also plays an important role in explaining the variation in changes in rural land values with greater increases in land values found in areas with more land initially devoted to urban uses and commercial forestry, and less land initially devoted to horticulture and lifestyle uses.

We can show the following about our theme.Our study about the urban land value gradients means that we try to look for the essence on the formation of urban land values. And through the trial we can make clear the formative factors of land values. We think that at the same time it becomes an effective way for explaining the regional characteristics or structures of the city.There are three questions raised as to the old studies on the urban land value gradients. The first question is that they have been so wedded to Thünen's theory that they have mostly used the deductive methods. The objective circumstances concerning cities have greatly changed lately. More, we could know the fact which the residential land value gradient of Tôkyô Metropolitan Area fell drawing the concaved curve toward the suburbs recently. But, only such deductive methods are not enough in the explanation for this tendency, too. Accordingly we need to investigate the actual land prices, and make up the microscopic distribution maps of land prices. Thus we should look for a new formative theory on urban land prices without adhering to the old concepts through examining the conditions synthetically and analytically.The second question is that most urban land values have the aspect that they show the concentric zone structures in general. It is certain that the deductive considerations based on the premise of an idea of Thünen's circles can be useful in the macroscopic analysis. But, his theory is disregarded in regional characteristics. Therefore by using the way alone, we can't (merely) explain the regional differences on the fluctuations of the actual land prices in the city from the reality of the concentric zone structures or the land price gradients. Thus we can clear up the formative factors of the actual land prices in each region through analyzing the conditions accurately.The third one is that in most of the old studies they have thought the fluctuations of the agricultural land values (or rents) as a basis of the level of the urban land values (or rents). Moreover, they have thought that the agricultural land values are decided by the land productivity and competitive crops. We have some doubt about such points through investigating the reality in Tôkyô Metropolitan Area.In a nutshell, it is thought that the former studies have taken the problem up from a side notwithstanding being supposed to have the complicated factors on the formation of urban land values nowadays. Therefore, after this we need to take it up in many sided using together the macroscopic and microscopic, synthetic and analytic, or deductive and inductive methods.

Landslides are disasters that often occur in mountainous areas. According to Regional Disaster Management Agency Boyolali Regency from 2019-2021 there were recorded 25 landslides in Selo District. As a result, it has an impact on the loss of both lives and the economy. Indirectly impact on land prices in the area. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the land values changes??in Selo District in landslide hazard areas. In this study, the land value is obtained based on a land price survey. The results are the land value of Selo District in 2022 can be divided into 113 zones with the highest price of IDR 1,150,240 in zone 1787 and the lowest price of IDR 37,013 in zone 1777. The land value at low landslide hazard has an average of IDR 709,970, the land value at medium landslide hazard has an average of IDR 317,089 and the land value at high landslide hazard has an average of IDR 111,160. By using linear regression obtained the correlation r=-0.880. Shows that if the landslide hazard increases, land prices will decrease. Keywords: Land Value Zone, Landslide Hazard, Land Value changes, Linear Regression, Selo District

Genuk District is a district in Semarang City which is designated as an industrial area. The development of industrial estates can lead to increased urbanization. According to data from Central Agency on Statistics in 2020, the population in Genuk District has always increased from year to year. The increasing population causes the need for land to also increase. Land prices can also rise considering the need for land and factors from industrial development. On the other hand, Genuk District is prone to tidal flooding. The worst tidal floods in Genuk District occurred in Gebangsari, Genuk and Banjardowo Sub-District in the 2000s. Based on the problem, this research aims to map land prices temporally in 2014, 2019 and 2022 and analyze the distribution pattern of land value changes in Genuk District with the Local Moran’s I method. That method is used for analyze the pattern of land values in 2022 and the pattern of land price changes between 2019 and 2022. The method used in mapping land prices is based on a fair market land price approach and land valuation techniques using a mass valuation cost approach. The average land value zone in 2014 has a value of IDR 711,000 in 2019 has an average value of IDR 986,000 and in 2022 is IDR 1,599,000. According to the results of Local Moran’s I, the pattern land value change in 2019-2022 is different from the results of the land value pattern in 2022 for each category class. This shows that the high land value changes between 2019 to 2022 are not in the same location as the high land value in 2022.

Semarang City as one of the areas on the north coast has a serious problem related to tidal flooding. The impact of this disaster has implications for changes in land use, a decrease in environmental quality and health, the emergence of slum settlements, a decrease in income and also a decrease in land value. This study aims to map the impact of tidal flooding on changes in land values based on the Land Value Zone Map (ZNT) and map land prices based on spatial data analysis. The study was carried out through spatial analysis by overlaying (join intersection) the 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2019 ZNT maps to determine changes in land value, while mapping land prices, especially in Mangunharjo Village, was based on land use maps, positive accessibility (road network) and negative accessibility (prone flood rob). The results of the study show that land which is permanently affected by tidal flooding and cannot be used anymore makes it a lost / destroyed land, while periodically inundated land has experienced a price decline in the range of Rp 100.000 – 200.000, -/m2. Meanwhile, the results of the study from the ZNT map for 2014 to 2019 show a very significant difference in price between zone 1 and a price increase of ± Rp 3.500.000; zone 2 price increase ± Rp 575.000, -, zone 3 at a price range of Rp 385.000, and zone 4 as the tidal flood prone zone only experienced an increase of Rp 250.000,-. In this context, the variable of tidal flooding vulnerability greatly affects the stagnation of land prices and even decreases in land prices, while the positive accessibility variable is the location of land on national and local roads that has experienced a very high price increase.

The digital economy is fundamentally transforming urban landscapes by disrupting traditional relationships between land use and land value. This scoping review aims to examine how digital transformations alter urban activities, human behaviours, and mobility patterns, and to assess the subsequent impacts on land use planning and land valuation frameworks. Following PRISMA guidelines, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised empirical studies, theoretical papers, and case studies examining digital economy impacts on urban land use or land value. Grey literature, non-English publications, and studies without clear urban spatial implications were excluded. The data were synthesised using bibliometric analysis and thematic analysis to identify patterns of disruption across three domains: urban activities, behaviours, and mobility. Of the 512 initially identified articles, 66 studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence demonstrates significant geographic bias and methodological limitations, including the scarcity of longitudinal studies tracking actual land value changes and inconsistent metrics for measuring disruption intensity. Despite these limitations, findings indicate that the digital economy is decoupling land value from traditional determinants, such as physical proximity to services and employment centres. These transformations necessitate fundamental revisions to urban planning frameworks, land valuation models, and regulatory approaches to ensure equitable and sustainable urban development in the digital age.

This research provides information about land prices in Jakarta by classifying using the Random Forest method. Where Random Forest is a data mining technique that is usually used to perform classification and regression. Random Forest is one of the best classification methods. It is found that classification accuracy will increase dramatically as a result of voting to select class types and ensemble tree growth. The method helps in providing information about the classification of land prices with the class of land prices per meter less than IDR 15 million, land prices per meter with a price range of IDR 15 to 25 million and land prices per meter more than IDR 25 million. With a fairly good accuracy of 82%, this method can classify where the permeter land price data that is tested will match the predicted classification accurately. Classification is performed on unbalanced data which is then oversampled using the ADASYN method. Assisted by doing spatial interpolation with the Ordinary Kriging method using Semivariogram, information about the classification of land prices can be seen on the distribution of the Jakarta area map. Ordinary Kriging can predict the estimated price per meter of land around the area of land that has a known price. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) results of the best Semivariogram model are obtained from the lowest RMSE value, namely the Spherical model with a value of 1.014896e7. The contribution of this research is to provide information about a reliable classification method, namely Random Forest and Ordinary Kriging performance as a spatial analysis method that can predict land prices per meter at unknown points so as to provide information about the distribution of land prices in Jakarta with each price class.

According to the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) for the City of Semarang in 2011–2031, the area around Simpang Lima is part of City Area 1, with a function as the Central Business District (CBD). Losch (1954) suggests that the value of a parcel of land tends to decrease if it is away from the central business area. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between changes in land value and the presence of CBD around the Simpang Lima CBD. The methods employed in this study are the calculation of the Average Indicated Value (NIR), analyzing changes in land value in 2012–2023, and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Based on an analysis of changes in land value for 2012–2023, it shows that the highest change in land value zone for 2012–2018 was in zone 166, with an increase of IDR 20,446,000, and the lowest change in land value was in zone 163, with a decrease of IDR 3,956,000. Meanwhile, the highest change in land value zone for 2018–2023 was in zone 84, with an increase of IDR 28,852,000, and the lowest change in land value was in zone 37, with an increase of IDR 217,000. The results of statistical tests using GWR show that the influence of the distance from the CBD on changes in land values in 2012–2023 is 84%, indicating a high correlation. The results of the T-test performed on each variable indicate that the variables significantly influencing changes in land value are shopping centers and road widths. Shopping centers have a negative correlation. On the other hand, the road width is positively correlation.

The last few years have seen big increases in land values. Cash rents have also increased but perhaps at a slower rate than land values. This paper examines the ratio of land values to cash rents to determine how cash rents have changed in relation to land value changes. This ratio is important because it helps indicate whether cash rents are a cost effective way of controlling farmland relative to purchasing the land. Results indicate cash rents lag behind changes in land prices when land prices are increasing but not when land prices are decreasing. However, this relationship does not always hold.

A most revealing characteristic of an economic system is the value it places on land. The modes by which that value is expressed and the methods of its reckoning are identity criteria of fundamental significance. In a market economy, the linkage between this value structure and the income flows that support it provide a trend indicator that is akin to body temperature in the human anatomy. Using this parallel, we must conclude that the American agricultural economy is feverish. For the forty-eight contiguous states, agricultural land values tripled since 1967, with over 80% of that increase occurring since 1972. The increase has not been uniform among states, with the greatest increases centered in states of the Corn Belt, and in North Dakota, Montana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The smallest increase occurred in California, and increases were below the national average in Arizona, New Mexico, the southern Great Plains and Mississippi Delta states, and all states of the Southeast except Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia (U.S. Department of Agriculture 1977a, p. 22). In broad terms, cash-grain crop producers have benefited most from recent land value changes, while producers of cotton, fruits and vegetables, other specialty crops, and animal products have lagged behind. Farm expansion buyers have been the dominant force in this recent upsurge of land values, accounting for 63% of all purchases for the year ending 31 March 1977. In Corn Belt counties (for example, in southwestern Minnesota) this figure approaches 80% (Christianson, Nelson, Raup, p. 19). With some exceptions in areas adjacent to large urban centers, these high farm land prices are not the result of an invasion of the farm land market by nonfarm buyers. The principal strength in the current land market is provided by farmer demand for tracts of land to add to their holdings. This is a reflection of the financial capacity created for existing farmers by the windfall gains of land price inflation. If a farm is debt free or burdened with only a small mortgage, an established farmer can spread the cost of additional land over his entire acreage and bid this advantage into a higher price offer for any land that comes onto the market. A recent study of Illinois farms shows that, if the farmgate price of corn is $2 per bushel, it would have required the income-producing capacity of approximately three acres to finance the purchase of one additional acre, at 1976 production costs and land prices (Scott). This provides a rough measure of the extent to which land prices have been inflated by the demand from farm expansion buyers. A farmer who is not in the top segment of farm income receivers, and who does not own a substantial acreage of debt-free land, is virtually priced out of the current land market. The danger in this situation lies in the threat f land market instability. For two years we have experienced the phenomenon of falling farm product prices and rising land values. One interpretation of the current land market is that it exhibits many of the characteristics of a inflationary boom that is nearing its bursting point. To assess this possibility we need data that we do not have on the nature of the total demand structure for farm land. The component of that structure for which we have the most copious data is the demand for the products of land. In a recent discussion, Gardner has suggested that perhaps the demand curve facing American producers of farm commodities has become much more Philip M. Raup is a professor in the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Minnesota. Paper 1694 of the Miscellaneous Journal Series, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota. This paper is an expansion of testimony presented at a Hearing on Obstacles to Strengthening the Family Farm System: Competition for Land, conducted by the Subcommittee on Family Farms, Rural Development and Special Studies, Committee on Agriculture, U.S. House of Representatives, at Marshall, Minnesota, on 15 October 1977.

The Price and Quantity of Residential Land in the United States

Multifractal characterization of urban residential land price in space and time

Public open spaces play a key role in urban environments, providing recreational opportunities, enhancing the quality of life, and contributing to the overall attractiveness of a neighborhood. Newly developed public open spaces on surrounding land value changes are important for urban planning and development. Within the last 10 years period most open spaces developed in the Colombo suburban area and there are clear land value changes in those areas. Bellanwila-Atthidiya Waras Ganga open space is one of the most attracted open space in the Colombo suburbs and significantly surrounding land values are changed after the project. This research aims to examine the effect on land values in surrounding area due to this project and research devotes a quantitative approach, using GIS based geo statistical analysis. Land value data, including sales transactions and property assessments, will be collected from relevant government agencies and real estate databases. The collected land value data was used to create geospatial maps using ArcGIS 10.8 spatial interpolation. Various proximity factors and demographic characteristics affected to change land values in this area, also considered for this analysis. Study results indicates, there is a significant relationship between residential land value changes in the lands surrounding public open space and it is 7.2% impact on land value changes The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the relationship between public open spaces and land values in the Colombo suburban area. The results are useful for urban planners, policymakers, and real estate developers about the potential economic benefits associated with public open spaces.