Ameiurus Research Articles

Water Quality Contamination and Mortality of African Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus; Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Exposed to Paint Effluents

Water Quality Contamination and Mortality of African Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus; Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Exposed to Paint Effluents

CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH CRACKERS BASED ON TYPES OF FISH AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF STARCH

The purpose of this research is to produce fish crackers from different types of fish, namely catfish and patin fish as well as different types of starch and know the characteristics of a good fish crackers. The benefit that can be expected from this research was to utilize catfish and patin fish abundant potency and add economic value. The method of this research was divided into two stages, namely the first stage is the stage which determines the range of the comparison with the fish flour, determine the type of fish and determine the type of flour used by using the hedonik method of organoleptic parameters. On the second stage has a purpose and that is to analyze chemical and physical fish crackers by comparison. The data were analyzed using the method of experiment results simple linear variable (x) increase in comparison of fish and flour (part). The free variable (y) consists of the response of the color, flavor, aroma, texture, volume and the development levels of crispness. The type of fish and the type of starch correlated against all response organoleptic, except the catfish and tapioca flour was not correlated against sense, catfish and cornmeal were not correlated against the texture of the fish, and catfish and sago flour not correlated against scent. The highest correlation is indicated by the sample composition of the cornmeal and catfish fish total value index by 17 of the total value of the correlation coefficient in classification. The sample was selected based on organoleptic level consumer favorite is with the composition of samples catfish and tapioca flour with a 1:1 comparison (111). Based on the results of the chemical analysis of protein obtained 24,38%, fat content of 1.6%, levels of starch of 44.69% and water content of 5.5%. Physical analysis of the parameter and the mobilising of the volume development of IE of 146.43% and the level of crispness that is of 0.56 mm/s/50gram.
 

Effectiveness Of Fish Hypofisa Mas (Cyprinus Carpio) And Fish Lele Dumbo (Clarias Gariepenus) On Fishing Of Lele Dumbo Fish (Clarias gariepinus

The aim of this research is to know the efficiency of hypofisa gland on spawning catfish. This research was conducted in March-July 2014, at Manggis I, RT / RW. 18/09 50, Kelurahan Dusun Besar, Gading Cempaka Subdistrict, Bengkului City. The design used was complete randomized design (RAL) with 2 treatments and 6 replications and to see the difference was done t test. The treatment consisted of P1 = Spawning dumbo catfish using hypofisa gland Goldfish, P2 = Spawning dumbo catfish using hypofisa gland Fish catfish dumbo. The use of different hypofisa glands has no significant effect on spawning time, hatchability, and the survival of dumbo catfish seeds in the hatchery of dumbo catfish. The use of one type of hypophysis gland with the most efficient recipient fish compared to the hypofisa gland is universal.

Effects of the Venom of the Brown Bullhead Catfish (Ameiurus Nebulosus) on Isolated Smooth Muscles

Aqueous extract of the spines of the brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus Lesueur, 1819) caused contraction of the guinea-pig small intestine in vitro, a widely-used preparation in pharmacology. The action is dependent on extracellular Ca2+, and probably takes place on the smooth muscle cells. Mouse gastrointestinal preparations were also contracted by the extract. Stings by the spines of this fish species causes a painful sensation in man. We tested the effect of an extract of spines in isolated organ experiments on innervated smooth muscle preparations. In the guinea-pig ileum, the response to the extract was abolished by the Ca2+-channel blocker nifedipine, but only slightly reduced by atropine (a muscarine receptor antagonist) or tetrodotoxin (TTX; a blocker axonal conduction) or antagonists for P2X purinoceptors. Blocking of serotonin or histamine H1 receptors, tachykinin NK1 receptors, functional impairment of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve endings or inhibition of cyclo-oxygenases failed to infuence the contractile effect of the extract. No inhibitory action of the extract was detected on the ileum subject to electrical motor nerve stimulation.

Toxicity of Tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) Leaf Dust on Enzymatic and Protein Synthesis Activities of African Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

The toxicity of tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust with piscicidal and pesticidal properties was investigated on some enzymatic and protein synthesis activities of juvenile African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were exposed to both lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of tobacco leaf dust for 21 days in a renewal bioassay procedure. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) were derived using Finney probit method while protein and enzymatic activities were determined using Biuret and Randox methods respectively. The LC50 values for 48 hours acute bioassay test was 2.11g/l for tobacco leaf dust. Tobacco exposed fish showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in serum AST, ALT and ALP levels. Significant decrease (p≤0.05) were observed for liver AST (141.00 ± 2.52 to 154.67 ± 0.67), serum and liver total protein (6.47 ± 0.03 to 7.80 ± 0.40 and 3.30 ± 0.00 to 3.57 ±0.12) and serum albumin (4.23 ± 0.09 to 4.83 ±0.20) across all concentrations. The study showed that exposure of C. gariepinus juvenile to sub-lethal concentrations of tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum) leaf dust can induce various toxicological effects in the form of enzymatic alteration. Therefore, the longer exposure of tobacco leaf dust in aquatic ecosystem is dangerous to fish and subsequently human health.

Genome Sequence of a Novel Alloherpesvirus Isolated from Glass Catfish (Kryptopterus bicirrhis).

ABSTRACTThe 149,343-bp genome of silurid herpesvirus 1, which was isolated in Thailand from glass catfish, was sequenced. The genome was most closely related to that of ictalurid herpesvirus 2, which infects black bullhead catfish. To our knowledge, this was the first silurid catfish alloherpesvirus genome to be sequenced.

PENGOLAHAN IKAN ASAP LELE DUMBO MENGGUNAKAN ASAP CAIR DALAM PENGAWETAN HASIL PERIKANAN

This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of liquid smoke concentration to the chemical properties of dumbo catfish fish and to determine the level of panelist acceptance of the organoleptic value of the resulting dumbo catfish fish. This research is a quantitative research (experiment) using Randomized Complete Design (RAL) with variation of liquid smoke concentration 0%, 6%, 8% and 10%. At fogging 4 hours with temperature 60 ℃. Parameters observed included moisture content, fat content, protein content, phenol content, TBA and organoleptics including flavor, aroma, color, and texture. The data obtained will be analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's advanced test. The results showed that smoked dumbo catfish using liquid smoke most favored by panelists was Dumbo catfish smoke which was produced at 10% liquid smoke concentration treatment.

Detection and characterization of a rhabdovirus causing mortality in black bullhead catfish, Ameiurus melas.

This study fully describes a severe disease outbreak occurred in 2016 in black bullhead catfish farmed in Italy. Affected fish showed nervous clinical signs as well as emaciations and haemorrhagic petechiae on the skin at the fin bases, abdomen and gills. Viral isolation in cell culture allowed the subsequent identification of a rhabdovirus, tentatively named ictalurid rhabdovirus (IcRV), through electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The newly isolated virus, together with 14 additional viral strains stored in our repository and detected during similar mortality episodes in the period 1993-2016, was phylogenetically analysed on the basis of the nucleoprotein and the glycoprotein nucleotide and amino acid sequences. The genetic distances among Italian IcRV strains were also estimated. Our results show that all the IcRV strains belong to the genus Sprivivirus and are closely related to the tench rhabdovirus (TenRV). Italian catfish production is constantly decreasing, mainly due to viral infections, which include the newly characterized IcRV. Data presented in this work will assist to investigate the molecular epidemiology and the diffusive dynamics of this virus and to develop adequate surveillance activities.

Toxicological Effects of Different Concentrations of Hypo Bleach on the Mortality of African Clariid Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings

Toxicological Effects of Different Concentrations of Hypo Bleach on the Mortality of African Clariid Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings

Analysis of microcystin-LR and nodularin using triple quad liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and histopathology in experimental fish

Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxic cyanobacterial metabolites produced sporadically in aquatic environments under favorable environmental conditions. Affinity of these toxins to covalently bind with protein phosphatases poses a challenge in their detection. Lemieux oxidation to release 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB), a common moiety to all MCs congeners, has been used in detection of these compounds, however a lack of sensitivity has limited the usefulness of the method. In this study, modifications of the oxidation and solid phase extraction procedures, combined with a sensitive LC/MS/MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) detection, have resulted in 25 ng/g method detection limits in both liver and plasma samples. Samples harvested from six fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) dosed intraperitoneally with a sublethal MC-LR dose of 250 μg/kg were analyzed, and microcystin concentrations ranging from 370 to 670 ng/g in plasma and 566–1030 ng/g in liver were detected. Similarly, 250 μg/kg nodularin-dosed channel catfish fish were found to contain 835–1520 ng/g in plasma and 933–1140 ng/g in liver. Detection of the toxins in serum and liver combined with the presence of histopathological lesions consistent with these hepatocellular toxin in exposed fish and no positive findings in the control fish demonstrates the usefulness of this analytical procedure for the diagnosis of suspected algal toxicity cases.

What's for dinner?

What's for dinner?

UTILIZATION OF SOME EGYPTIAN FISH FOR PRODUCING OF SURIMI AND ITS USE IN FOODS.

Surimi is purified protein which prepared by washing minced fish flesh after removing thorn which produced to improve the nutritional value of some food products (noodles, couscous and macaroni) which are widely appeared in the Egyptian markets, so as to raise the protein and minerals (ash) content of these products. The effect of different additives concentrations cryoprotectant (sucrose, sorbitol and tri polyphosphate) on the characteristics of produced surimi was evaluated. The dried surimi were prepared from common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) and catfish (Claries anguillaris) and used as supplements at 2%, 4%, and 6% levels in bakery products. Chemical composition, microbiological aspects, amino acids, fatty acids, quality aspects as well as the sensory evaluation of the supplemented products were carried out. The obtained results indicated that the moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates content (%) of dried common carp surimi were 9.40 %, 79.77 %, 4.24%, 3.53%, 12.46% while it were %8.50,%67.97,%16.25,%4.07,%11.71 for fish catfish surimi (on dry weight basis), respectively. The total aerobic bacterial count (T.A.B.C.) was the only detected microorganisms in dried surimi from common carp fish. On the other hand, Staphylococcus spp., Coliform group, Salmonella and Shigella, anaerobic bacteria and mold & yeasts did not detected. Dried surimi prepared from catfish and carp fish could be added to the products (couscous and macaroni) up to 6% with high organoleptic acceptability.

Species-specific markers provide molecular genetic evidence for natural introgression of bullhead catfishes in Hungary.

Since three bullhead catfish species were introduced to Europe in the late 19th century, they have spread to most European countries. In Hungary, the brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) was more widespread in the 1970s–1980s, but the black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) has gradually supplanted since their second introduction in 1980. The introgressive hybridization of the two species has been presumed based on morphological examinations, but it has not previously been supported by genetic evidence. In this study, 11 different Hungarian habitats were screened with a new species-specific nuclear genetic, duplex PCR based, marker system to distinguish the introduced catfish species, Ameiurus nebulosus, Ameiurus melas, and Ameiurus natalis, as well as the hybrids of the first two. More than 460 specimens were analyzed using the above markers and additional mitochondrial sequence analyses were also conducted on >25% of the individuals from each habitat sampled. The results showed that only 7.9% of the specimens from two habitats belonged to Ameiurus nebulosus, and 92.1% were classified as Ameiurus melas of all habitats, whereas the presence of Ameiurus natalis was not detected. Two specimens (>0.4%) showed the presence of both nuclear genomes and they were identified as hybrids of Ameiurus melas and Ameiurus nebulosus. An additional two individuals showed contradicting results from the nuclear and mitochondrial assays as a sign of a possible footprint of introgressive hybridization that might have happened two or more generations before. Surprisingly, the level of hybridization was much smaller than expected based on the analyses of the North American continent’s indigenous stock from the hybrid zones. This phenomenon has been observed in several invasive fish species and it is regarded as an added level of complexity in the management of their rapid adaptation.

Effects of starch concentration on calcium-enhanced black bullhead catfish protein gels.

Calcium‐enhanced protein recovered from black bullhead catfish was used to develop gels containing increasing amounts of potato starch (0–20 g/kg protein paste) and the effects of starch on functional, textural, and color properties were tested. Energy required to unfold protein groups was greater with the addition of 5 g starch/kg protein paste. Gels containing starch were harder, chewier, and less springy (p < .05) than gels without starch. For most measurements, regression analysis showed that increasing the starch concentration beyond 5 g/kg did not contribute to further significant textural changes. Torsional shear stress and strain along with Kramer shear force increased as the concentration of starch increased (R 2 = .79, .79, and .53, respectively). The addition of ≥10 g starch/kg protein paste resulted in darker gels and gels got darker as more starch was added (R 2 = .71). Results showed no benefit to increasing starch concentration in gels beyond 5 g starch/kg protein paste.

Toxicity and Histological Effects of Two Liquid Soaps on African Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Buchell, 1822) Fingerlings

Toxicity and Histological Effects of Two Liquid Soaps on African Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Buchell, 1822) Fingerlings

Assessment of the Optimal Replacement Levels of Maize with Water Lettuce Leaf (Pistia Stratiotes) based Diets for Clarias gariepinus

A 56 days-feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of Water Lettuce Leaf Meal as a partial replacement for Yellow Maize Meal in the practical diets for the freshwater mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. Five diets in which WLLM replaced YMM at 0%, 25%, 50%,75% and 100%; designated as Diet 1(control), Diet 2, Diet 3, Diet 4 and Diet 5 respectively. The replacement levels were prepared and fed to Clarias gariepinus juveniles. At the end of the feeding experiment, the replacement effects on the growth and nutrient utilization indices; weight gain(WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), Food conversion ratio (FCR), percentage survival rate (PSR) and total fish production (TFP)were determined. The treatment fed with control diet 1 WLLM (0%) gave growth and nutrient utilization results as expected. Weight gain (70.60 g) in WLLM (Diet 1) was significantly higher (p 0.05) between the feed efficiency of practical diets 1, 2 and 3; PSR in the group fed 50% WLLM (86.67) was significantly different than values observed in groups fed other diets. Hence, made diet 3 (50% WLLM) having incredible total fish production value of 7.49 kg/m3.

The predatory behaviour of nymphs of dragonfly (Africocypha varicolor) on fry of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and control by skunk weed (Petivera alliacea) root-extract in aquaculture

The use of natural organic extract instead of synthetic chemicals in harvesting wild fish and eliminating unwanted aquatic biota is popular in Nigeria. This research, therefore, investigated the possibility of using the root extract of a common weed in southwestern Nigeria, named P. alliacea, in checkmating the predatory influence of nymphs of dragonfly which frequently attack fry of African mud catfish. Activity of extract was first assessed through a brine shrimp test in a 24 hr investigation before concentrations of 0.0 g/l, 0.22 g/l, 0.48 g/l, and 1.06 g/l were applied under laboratory conditions in plastic aquaria against the naiads. The 96 hr Lc50 was 0.47 g/l obtained using probit analysis. The regression equation for the probit curve was y=3.173+3.5 (y=probit value, x=actual concentration and r=0.7=coefficient of correlation). An average of six fry and one fry were consumed by one dragonfly nymph every 96 hr at two weeks and three weeks old, respectively.

Kombinasi pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus)

This study aimed to determine the best combination of feed on the growth and survival of larval fish catfish (Clarias gariepinus). This study used completely randomized with six treatments including treatment A: Artemia, B: Tubifex C: Pellet, D: combination of (50%) Artemia + (50%) Tubifex, E: combination of (50%) Artemia + (50%) Pellet, and F: combination of (50%) Tubifex + (50%) Pellet. Each treatment consisted of three replications. The result showed that the combination of 50% artemia + 50% tubifex could promote the growth length of larvae of 4,003 cm, weight of larval of 0.633 g, and larval survival was 79%. This combination was the best combination for the growth and survival of catfish larvae. Keywords: Combination of feed, Clarias gariepinus, larvae, growth, survival

Concentrations of heavy metals in fish species targeted by anglers in central New Jersey: A pilot study

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of toxic metals in the edible portion of fish tissue obtained from the Raritan River in New Brunswick, New Jersey (NJ) between April and May of 2014. Species collected for this study included commonly caught fish such as bluegill, small and large mouth bass, brown and rainbow trout, bullhead catfish, and white perch. Samples were filleted and the muscle tissue subsequently dehydrated and then chemically digested. Samples were analyzed using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Levels of 28 different metals were quantified for each specimen. In general, metal contamination in fish tissues was below the recommended limits. However, lead was found in one sample at a tissue concentration of 88 µg per 225 g fillet, which is above the recommended daily consumption limit as set by the Food and Safety Authority of Ireland. The maximum level found for arsenic was 23 µg per 225 g fillet. The fish samples taken from the Raritan River in New Brunswick, NJ for this study did not contain dangerous levels of most of the metals tested.

Predictions of establishment risk highlight biosurveillance priorities for invasive fish in New Zealand lakes

Summary The ability to predict invasive species spread is essential for effective biosecurity management and the allocation of scarce monitoring resources. Prevention of invasive fish incursions poses a significant challenge because of the wide physiological tolerances of many species, their mobility and the role that human vectors play in their spread. In New Zealand, seven introduced fish species are distributed to varying extents in lakes across the two main islands. We used field survey data from 470 New Zealand lakes to fit statistical models of the current geographic distributions of seven introduced species; the resulting models were then used to predict risks of future establishment of each species in 3595 New Zealand lakes &gt;1 ha. Initial models fitted using lake‐ and catchment‐scale environmental predictors identified summer temperature among the top two most influential variables, with lake density and size also important for some species. Distribution models for Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) and tench (Tinca tinca) were substantially improved by the addition of variables describing human population densities and lake accessibility. All seven species occurred most frequently in lakes close to human population centres suggesting that human‐mediated dispersal has played at least some role in determining current distributions. Addition of a spatial variable, representing the presence or absence of the modelled species within the broader catchment within which each lake is located, improved the predictive performance of models for the brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus), perch and rudd. This finding indicates that the current distributions of these species include clusters of lakes within ‘occupied’ catchments, resulting in geographic patchiness that is independent of the available environmental and human population predictors. This distribution has most likely resulted from spread into accessible and suitable lakes from one or more initial liberation points, either by natural dispersal along waterways or through human‐assisted movement. Predictions to all mapped lakes throughout New Zealand indicate (i) that the potential for future spread is greatest for catfish, perch and rudd and (ii) the high vulnerability to invasion for lakes along the east coast of both islands and in inland montane regions of the South Island. Our results allow for improved identification of lakes likely to be suitable for invasive fish species and which should therefore be accorded priority for surveillance; they highlight in particular the potential for perch and catfish to establish in higher‐elevation lakes distant from human population centres.