Ambo University Research Articles

Prevalence of GIT Nematodes and Associated Risk Factors of Exotic Chickens in Selected Farm of Poultry in and Around Ambo, Ethiopia

Poultry are raised worldwide in backyards and commercial systems with fewer social and religious taboos than other livestock. However, the chicken industry faces significant challenges from nematode parasites. A cross-sectional study with a random sampling technique was conducted from April to June 2019 to estimate gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites in chickens in selected farms in and around Ambo, Ethiopia. The fecal analysis results revealed that out of 70 samples collected, 60% were positive for gastrointestinal (GI) nematode eggs. Prevalence varied significantly by body condition, with the highest rates in chickens in poor condition (78.57%), followed by medium (54.54%) and good condition (40%). Location also played a significant role, with Ambo University Poultry Farm having the highest prevalence (83.87%), followed by Abebe Private Farm (55%) and Guder Campus Poultry Farm (26.31%). The main nematode species identified were Ascaridia galli (57.1%) and Heterakis gallinarum (2.9%). Infestation rates differed significantly by sex, age, location, and body condition, with males having higher rates of Ascaridia galli (61.53%) than females (56.14%), and Heterakis gallinarum exclusively affecting females (3.51%). Adults showed significantly higher rates of Ascaridia galli (85.71%) than young chickens (38.09%), with some infestation of Heterakis gallinarum (7.14%) observed in adults but absent in young chickens. This prevalence rate suggests limited awareness among chicken producers and insufficient control strategies in the study area. Hence, implementing targeted control strategies is advisable.

Causes, management outcome, and associated factors in patients admitted with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction to Ambo University Referral Hospital: a 3-year retrospective chart review

Causes, management outcome, and associated factors in patients admitted with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction to Ambo University Referral Hospital: a 3-year retrospective chart review

A cross-sectional study measuring the magnitude of depression and associated factors among patients attending orthopedic outpatient clinic at Ambo University Referral Hospital, Ambo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023.

Depression is a leading cause of major public health problems globally, and its frequency has been increasing, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. The prevalence of depression in sub-Saharan Africa ranges from 15 to 30%. In Ethiopia, depression is found to be the seventh leading cause of disease burden, yet no study was done in West Shewa, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of depression and associated factors among adult orthopedic outpatients getting treatment at Ambo University Referral Hospital, West Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia, in 2023. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 adult orthopedic patients from January 1-30, 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The data were collected by using a structured questionnaire and checklist through face-to-face interviews and chart review techniques. The collected data were entered into Epi-data, version 4.6, and then exported to SPSS, version 26.0, for statistical analysis. The binary logistic regression model was fitted, and both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed. The magnitude of depression was found to be 38.9% (95% CI: 34.5%, 43.9%), being female [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-4.00], chewing chat (AOR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.29-4.43), and no disorder on the lower limb (AOR=0.24; 95% CI: 0.07-0.85), had ligament injury (AOR=2.62; 95% CI: 1.23-5.59), had no complication (AOR=0.07; 95% CI: 0.01-0.52), and had amputation (AOR=3.83; 95% CI: 2.09-7.00) were significantly associated with depression. The study found that the prevalence of depression among orthopedic patients was considerable; nearly half of the participants developed depression at Ambo University Referral Hospital, and being female, chewing chat, having no disorder on the lower limb, having a ligament injury, having a complication, and being amputated were significantly associated with depression. Therefore, due attention is needed from concerned bodies in order to tackle this problem.

Burden and Predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy in an Adult With Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow up at Ambo University Referral Hospital Central, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Despite the growing evidence of Diabetic Nephropathy in adult patients with long-standing diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa, data on its burden and correlates in adult African patients with diabetes are limited. We, therefore, undertook this study to determine the burden and predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy among adult population with diabetes in Hospital. OBJECTIVE: We, therefore, undertook this study to determine the burden and predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy among adult population with diabetes in Ambo University Referral Hospital Central, Ethiopia. METHODS: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August, 2023 and a systematic random sampling method used to recruit participants. A total of 4,300 were interviewed using structured questionnaires to gather data from the study subjects. For data entry and analysis, Epi Data version 3.1.1 and SPSS version 25 were used. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done after descriptive statistics. 95% confidence intervals (CI) and crude and adjusted odds ratios were presented. RESULTS: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) was documented in population was 24.9% from the 369 participants (95%; CI 23.37– 26.43) participants among the study). Male sex [AOR = 2.215; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.45, p = 0.002], physically inactive [AOR = 1.983; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.70), P = 0.034], dyslipidaemia [AOR: 1.98, CI: 1.009, 3.5), P = 0.024] and poor controlled glycemia [AOR= 2.70; 1.40, 5.2), P = 0.003] were significant determinants for the development of Diabetic Nephropathy. CONCLUSION: Among DM patients, sex, physical inactivity, dyslipidaemia, and poor glycemic control were discovered to be the predictors of diabetic nephropathy. By enhancing programs for health information, education, and promotion, diabetes management should be better equipped to achieve glycaemic control and prevent diabetic nephropathy.

Burden and Predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy in an Adult With Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow up at Ambo University Referral Hospital Central Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Despite the growing evidence of Diabetic Nephropathy in adult patients with long-standing diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa, data on its burden and correlates in adult African patients with diabetes are limited. We, therefore, undertook this study to determine the burden and predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy n an adult population with diabetes in Hospital. OBJECTIVE: We, therefore, undertook this study to determine the burden and predictors of Diabetic Nephropathy n an adult population with diabetes in Hospital. METHODS: A Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August, 2023 and a systematic random sampling method used to recruit participants. A total of 4,300 diabetics are under observation. The interviewer used structured questionnaires to gather data from the study subjects. For data entry and analysis, Epi Data version 3.1.1 and SPSS version 25 were used. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done after descriptive statistics. 95% confidence intervals (CI) and crude and adjusted odds ratios were presented. RESULTS: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) was documented in population was 24.9% from the 369 participants (95%; CI 23.37– 26.43) participants among the study). Male sex [AOR = 2.215; 95% CI: 1.34, 3.45, p = 0.002], physically inactive [AOR = 1.983; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.70), P = 0.034], dyslipidaemia [AOR: 1.98, CI: 1.009, 3.5), P = 0.024] and poor controlled glycemia [AOR= 2.70; 1.40, 5.2), P = 0.003] were significant determinants for the development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Therefore, it is advised that healthcare professionals pay close attention to patients who have recognized related factors during follow-up in order to reduce the likelihood of DN. CONCLUSION: Among DM patients, sex, physical inactivity, dyslipidaemia, and poor glycemic control were discovered to be the predictors of diabetic nephropathy. By enhancing programs for health information, education, and promotion, diabetes management should be better equipped to achieve glycaemic control and prevent diabetic nephropathy. Male sex, sedentary lifestyles, dyslipidemia, and patients with poor glycemic control need to receive more attention.

Validation of intercultural competence scale in the Ethiopian context: Exploring the factor structure and psychometric properties among university students.

Although intercultural competence is a crucial factor for university students' academic achievement and inter-ethnic conflict resolution, psychometrically sound intercultural competence scale is not available in the Ethiopian context. The aim of the present study was to translate the original English version of intercultural competence into Amharic language and validate the scale in the Ethiopian context. In the processes of retaining culturally equivalent translated measure symmetrical approach was used. Data were collected from 476 (Male = 244 and Female = 232) arbitrarily selected university students with an age mean of 22.35 enrolled in undergraduate degree programs at Ambo University. The total sample was randomly split into two equal-sized group to execute exploratory factor analysis (EFA, N = 238) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, N = 238). The result of the study showed that both EFA and CFA supported a significantly correlated four-factor model of intercultural competence (Attitude, Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills). Moreover, the Amharic version of the intercultural competence scale showed good psychometric properties in terms of content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and good fit indices to the data. This generally justifies the use of the Amharic version intercultural competence scale in the Ethiopian context. To satisfy the needs of the labor market, universities in Ethiopia should promote intercultural dialogues that improve the intercultural competence of university students.

Hyperuricemia and Associated Factors in Adult Cardiac Patients in Western Oromia, Ethiopia.

Individuals who have hyperuricemia are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases due to factors such as endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and increased production of oxygen-free radicals. However, data on the prevalence and predictors of hyperuricemia among adults with cardiac diseases in Ethiopia are limited. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 269 participants at the Ambo University referral hospital from June to September, 2022. Participant demographics and relevant data were obtained through convenient sampling. Hyperuricemia was defined according to the manufacturer's cutoff criteria. Data entry and analysis were conducted using SPSS 25. The association between the outcome and explanatory variables was assessed using a binary logistic regression model. Of the study participants, 56.9% were male. The mean age of participants was 51.1 years (±15.8). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 43.1% (95% CI: 37.1-49.1). Males presented a significantly higher prevalence of hyperuricemia compared to females (23.4% vs 19.7%, P = .026). Males had 2.9 times higher odds of hyperuricemia compared to females. Significant associations with the prevalence of hyperuricemia were found for individuals with a BMI ⩾30 kg/m2, age ⩾54 years, and male gender, with adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of 2.3 (1.7-5.2), 2.9 (2.2-5.9), and 3.56 (2.1-12.8), respectively. Additionally, smoking, dyslipidemia, and waist circumference were also significantly associated with the prevalence of hyperuricemia. Nearly half of the cardiac patients in the study were diagnosed with hyperuricemia. These findings underscores the importance of early identification and treatment of hyperuricemia, alongside lifestyle and behavioral modifications, to maintain the quality of life in this specific population.

Bioethanol production from leftover food by yeasts isolated from fruit at Ambo University, Ethiopia

Bioethanol production from leftover food by yeasts isolated from fruit at Ambo University, Ethiopia

Attitudes of Older Adult Patients and Caregivers Towards Deprescribing of Medications in Ethiopia.

Deprescribing is essential for reducing inappropriate medication use and polypharmacy. For a holistic approach, it is essential to know how older adult patients and their caregivers perceive deprescribing. To assess the attitude of older adult patients and caregivers towards deprescribing medication at Ambo University Referral Hospital. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the revised Patients' Attitude Towards Deprescribing tool (rPATD). The data was analyzed using the SPSS-25 software. Backward linear regression and logistic regression were used to measure association between outcome and determinant variables. The two-sided P-value ≤0.05 with 95% confidence interval was utilized for reporting significant factors. One hundred fifty-six (81.3%) of the respondents (ie, 85.0% of older adult and 77.2% of caregivers) agreed to stop one or more of their regular medications if the physician said it was possible despite 98 (51.0%) of them (ie, 49.0% of older adult and 53.3% of caregivers) being satisfied with their/their care recipient's medications. On the overall aggregate mean score, the respondents had a neutral position (2.6-3.59) regarding the burden and concerns of stopping medications whereas the majority of them disagree (1.0-2.59) with the inappropriateness of the medication they were taking and agreed (3.6-5.0) with the need for their involvement in treatment decision making. Concerns about stopping medicine scores (AOR = 0.440, 95% CI = 0.262-0.741, P = 0.035) and perceived levels of medication inappropriateness (AOR = 0.653, 95% CI = 0.456-0.936, P = 0.020) was significantly associated with the willingness to discontinue and overall satisfaction with their medicine regimen respectively. The majority of older adult patients and caregivers would like to deprescribe if the physicians recommended it. The perceived concerns of stopping and inappropriateness of the medicines were associated with the willingness to deprescribe and overall satisfaction with their medicine respectively. Healthcare providers should prompt the deprescribing process with older adult patients and caregivers by addressing their concerns about stopping medications.

Dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adult cardiac patients at Ambo university referral hospital, Oromia region, west Ethiopia

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is a cluster of illnesses that affect the heart and blood vessels. Dyslipidemia is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease, causing more than 4 million deaths each year worldwide. However, there is very little evidence concerning the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia among cardiac patients in Ethiopia.MethodsHospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2022 at Ambo University referral hospital. Data on socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric features were collected from adults with cardiac diseases using a convenient sampling technique. Lipid profiles and uric acid were measured from overnight fasting blood. The national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel (NCEP-ATP) III criteria was used to define dyslipidemia.ResultsA total of 269 participants were enrolled and the overall 76.6% [95% confidence interval (CI):72.1–81] of patients had at least one dyslipidemia. The prevalence of total cholesterol (TC) ⩾200 mg/dl, triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dl were 38.9%, 44.6%, 29.4%, and 53.5%, respectively. Age > 54 was associated with TC and TG dyslipidemia, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and (95% CI) were 2.6(1.4–4.8) and 2.4(1.2–4.7), respectively. While, a family history of heart disease, sedentary lifestyle and obesity were associated with TC dyslipidemia, aOR (95%CI) were 1.9(1.1–3.5), 1.4 (1.4–14.6) and 6.7 (1.4–32.5), respectively. In addition, diabetetes mellitus and abdominal obesity were significantly associated with TG dyslipidemia, aOR (95%CI) were 1.9(1.0–3.6) and 2.6(1.16–5.8), respectively. Moreover, uric acid was positively correlated with TC and TG level.ConclusionsThe results indicate that more than 75% of the cardiac patients had at least one dyslipidemia. This reflects the need for regular monitoring of lipid profiles and intensive counseling in this population to mitigate further cardio-metabolic complications.

Jaundice and its associated factors among neonates admitted to selected referral hospitals in southwest oromia, Ethiopia: Multi-center cross-sectional study

BackgroundJaundice is a common clinical problem during the first month of birth throughout the world. Mainly, it is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. ObjectivesThe aimed of this studied was to assess predictors of jaundice among neonates admitted to selected referral hospitals in southwest Oromia, Ethiopia, 2021. MethodsAn Institutional based cross-sectional study was implemented among 205 admitted neonates at selected referral hospitals in southwest Oromia, Ethiopia from October 05 to November 5, 2021. Jimma medical center (JMC), Wollega University referral hospital (WURH), and Ambo University Referral hospital (AURH) were selected by simple random sampling technique. A pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical record review was used to collect data. Both binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with neonatal jaundice. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with neonatal jaundice. Statistical Significance was declared at P-value less than 0.05 in the final model, and if the confidence interval does not include the null hypothesis value. ResultsThe prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 20.5% (95%CI: 1.74–1.85). The mean age of neonates was 8.6 ± 7.8 days. Traditional medicine use during current pregnancy (AOR: 5.62, 95%CI: 1.07, 9.52), Rh incompatibility (AOR: 0.045, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.21), gestational age (AOR: 4.61, 95%CI: 1.05, 10.3), premature rupture of membrane (AOR: 3.76, 95%CI: 1.58, 8.93) and hypertension (mother) (AOR: 3.99, 95%CI: 1.13, 14.02) were factors significantly associated with neonatal jaundice. ConclusionNeonatal jaundice was relatively higher in the current study. Traditional medicine use, Rh incompatibility, premature ruptures of membrane, hypertension, and preterm gestational age were factors associated with neonatal jaundice.

Low neonatal pain management practices and associated factors among nurses and midwives working in governmental hospitals of central Ethiopia, 2021

BackgroundNeonatal pain management is a significant problem in the clinical settings of developing countries. Several studies have revealed that neonatal pain management practices among health professionals were overlooked. As a result, the data regarding the factors affecting nurses' and midwives' neonatal pain management practices is essential in designing interventions to address this gap. Therefore, this study aimed to assess neonatal pain management practices and associated factors among nurses and midwives working in government hospitals in central Ethiopia from September 1, 2019 to September 30, 2021. MethodsAn institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed among randomly selected 268 nurses and midwives after obtaining ethical approval from Ambo University. The data were collected using a pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were checked, coded, and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analyses. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. The odd ratio along with the 95% CI were computed to ascertain the association. ResultsThe study revealed that 37.3% [95% CI: 31.4–43.3] of the study participants had good practices for neonatal pain management. Respondents with less than five years of work experience [AOR = 2.4 (1.16, 4.99)], Nurses or Midwives with no neonatal pain training [AOR = 2.89 (1.58, 5.29), poor neonatal pain knowledge [AOR = 1.09 (1.09, 3.61)], and an unfavorable attitude toward neonatal pain [AOR = 3.19 (1.74, 5.85)] were factors significantly associated with poor neonatal pain management practice. ConclusionsThe overall practice of neonatal pain management is low. Factors like work experience, training, knowledge, and attitude were significantly associated with poor practices in neonatal pain management. All stakeholders should consider the necessary interventions. Moreover, educational and convenient training programs on neonatal pain management are needed to better assess and manage neonatal pain.

Prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer and its associated factors among diabetes patients on follow up at public hospitals in West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia”

ObjectivesDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health problem today. Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is the devastating complication. There is very limited information currently available in this regard at study area. Hence, in this study, we aimed to assess Prevalence and Associated Factors with diabetes foot ulcer among Diabetes Patients on Follow-up at Public Hospitals in West Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2021 and a systematic random sampling method used to recruit study participants. A total of 4,807 diabetics are under observation. Among these proportionally allocated sample hospitals, Ambo University Referral Hospital, Ambo General Hospital, Guder Hospital and Gedo General Hospital were 1700, 1507, 600 and 1000 respectively. Data were collected by the interviewer using structured questionnaires from the study participants. Epi data version 3.1.1 and SPSS version 25 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Descriptive statistics followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals CIs were reported. ResultsThe Prevalence of diabetes foot ulcers in this study was 18.7% (95%; CI 14.1 23.3). Marital status {AOR: 3.46; 95% CI:(1.41, 8.48), P = 0.007}, Diabetes peripheral neuropathy {AOR: 4.30, 95% CI:(1.67, 11.10), P = 0.002} and deformity {AOR: 17.546, 95% CI: (6.95, 44.3), P = 0.000} were significant determinants for the development of diabetes foot ulcer. Thus, health care providers are recommended to thoroughly give emphasis during follow-up of patients with identified factors to decrease the occurrence of diabetes foot ulcers.

Opportunities, associations, and impact of early intravenous to oral antimicrobial switch for hospitalized patients in Ethiopia.

Short intravenous antimicrobial therapy for 2-3 days followed by its per oral comparable antimicrobial course is a crucial part of the antimicrobial stewardship program. However, nothing is known about this practice in Ethiopian hospitals. Therefore, this study assessed the proportion, associations, and outcomes of early intravenous to per oral antimicrobial switch for patients who were admitted to the three wards of Ambo University Referral Hospital. A hospital-based prospective cohort pilot study was conducted. During the 3-month period, 117 patients met initial inclusion criteria and were followed until Day 3 of intravenous antimicrobial. Of these, 92 (78.6%) subsequently met criteria for early intravenous to per oral switch and are the cohort investigated in this study. Written informed consent was sought from participants and/or parents or guardian for ages 15-17 years. Logistic regression models and independent t-tests were done with a significance of p ⩽ 0.05. Out of 92 study participants, early intravenous to per oral antimicrobial switch was done only for 36 (39.1%). The only independent predictors for lack of early intravenous to per oral antimicrobials switch were poly-pharmacy (adjusted odds ratio = 3.4 at 95% confidence interval, 1.036-11.16; p = 0.044). There was a significant difference in terms of mean length of hospital stay (8.80 ± 3.57 versus 3.17 ± 0.74; p < 0.0001), in-hospital complication rate (95% versus 5%; p < 0.0001), and the mean cost of healthcare in Ethiopian Birrs (652.29 ± 403.29 versus 126.67 ± 29.47; p < 0.0001) between the comparator/early intravenous to per oral not switched and early switched group, respectively. The proportion of early intravenous to per oral antimicrobial switch was unsatisfactory. There was a significant difference between the intervention and comparator groups in terms of length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, and extra cost. Therefore, implementation of interventions that improve the practice of early intravenous to per oral switch is needed urgently.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its determinants among residents of Ambo Town, West Shewa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: cross-sectional survey.

Vaccines against COVID-19 are critical for preventing and managing COVID-19 because immunization is one of the most active and cost-effective health strategies for infectious disease prevention. Knowing the community's willingness and factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance will support the design of effective promotion strategies. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its determinants among the Ambo Town community. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using structured questionnaires from 1 to 28 February 2022. Four kebeles were selected randomly, and the systematic random sampling procedure was used to select the households. SPSS-25 software was used for data analysis. Ethical approval was received from the Institutional Review Committee of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences of Ambo University, and data were kept confidential. Of the 391 participants, 385 (98.5%) of the respondents were not vaccinated for COVID-19, and around 126 (32.2%) of the respondents said that they would receive the vaccine if the government provided it. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that males were 1.8 times more likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.074-3.156) as compared to females. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was lower by 60% in those who tested for COVID-19 as compared to those who were not tested (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.27-0.69). Moreover, the participants who had chronic diseases were two times more likely to accept the vaccine. Acceptance of the vaccine was reduced by half among those who believed that there was a scarcity of data on its safety (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.26-0.80). The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance was low. To enhance the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, the government and different stakeholders should strengthen public education using mass media about the advantages of getting the COVID-19 vaccination.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PRACTICE OF BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HEALTH SCIENCE FEMALE STUDENTS OF AMBO UNIVERSITY: CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Breast Self-Examination is process whereby women examine their breasts regularly to detect any abnormal swelling or lumps in order to seek prompt medical attention. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally and the second commonest cancer overall. The aim of this study was to assess practice of breast self-examination and associated factors among Health science female students at Ambo University in 2019. Methodology: - Institutional based cross-sectional survey was carried out among Health science female students at Ambo University in 2019. Data was collected by using a pre tested and pretested self-administered questionnaires. The response was systematically tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 20, and explanations were given separately. Result- A total of 150 respondents participated in the study, of these 80 (53.3%) of them had good knowledge and only 67(44.7%) of the respondents had practiced BSE before. Among study participants whose families had breast cancer, practice BSE 2.12 times more than study participants whose families didn’t have his tory of breast cancer (AOR=2.12; 95% CI, 1.09–3.95, P=0.044). Those who had good knowledge toward BSE were 5.5 times more likely to practice BSE than those who had poor knowledge (AOR=9.5; 95% CI, 5.5–18.8, P=0.002). Conclusions- The overall knowledge of female students towards breast self-examination was 62%. This study showed that only 67(44.7%) of the study participants ever practiced BSE. The independeent predictors of breast self examination was family history of breast cancer and knowledge how to perform breast self examination.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients at Ambo Town Public Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a global public health important disease that is associated with life threatening outcomes including renal failure and premature mortality unless diagnosed and treated promptly. Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension are the two major causes of chronic kidney disease worldwide. This study is aimed to determine prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients at Ambo town public hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ambo University referral and general hospitals on 308 study participants. The participants were interviewed using interviewer administered questionnaire when they come for follow up at a chronic illness follow-up clinic. The patient charts were reviewed to retrieve information regarding medications, blood pressure, serum Creatinine and glucose level. A chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation was used to estimate Glomerular filtration rate from serum Creatinine. Data were analyzed SPSS version 23 for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with chronic kidney disease. Variables with a p-value below 0.2 at bivariable analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between dependent and independent variables and p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: A total of 308 diabetic and hypertensive patients were included in the study. Of which 156 (50.6%) participants were female with mean (± SD) age of 47.15 ± 12.06 years. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (stage 3-5) was 20.5% with (95% CI: 16%-25%). Long duration of hypertension (AOR=4.89, 95% CI=1.93-12.40), elevated systolic blood pressure (&gt;140mmHG) (AOR=3.20, 95% CI=1.36-7.51), family history (AOR=3.36, 95% CI=1.56-7.24) and age greater than 55 years (AOR=2.17, 95% CI=1.09-4.31) were factors associated with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease was high. Older age, elevated SBP, long duration of hypertension and family history of kidney disease were factors associated with chronic kidney disease. A preventive plan is mandatory to reduce the disease and complications in the community

Compliance level toward COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among the Ambo University community, 2021.

BackgroundThe coronavirus illness is a highly contagious viral infection with serious health consequences that has occurred all around the world. Application of COVID-19 prevention precautions and social interventions by the general public are critical to successfully combating the epidemic. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of compliance and associated factors with COVID-19 prevention strategies.MethodsA facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 01 to August 30, 2021 on a sample of 380 randomly selected Ambo University community members. A self-administered structuralized questionnaire was used to collect the data. The determining factors with the level of compliance were finally identified using a multivariate logistic regression model. The association was reported using odds ratios with a 95% CI, and significance was declared using a P < 0.05.ResultsA total of 378 respondents participated in the study with a response rate of 98.9%. Most of the respondents, 75.7%, 57.9%, 47.4%, 61.9% had good knowledge, favorable attitude, good practice and good compliance toward COVID-19 preventive measures, respectively. In participants aged between 18 and 30 [AOR = AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: (1.13, 4.41)], good knowledge [AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: (1.46, 4.78)], favorable attitude [AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: (2.63, 7.71)], and good practice [AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: (1.82, 4.89)] were significantly associated with good compliance toward COVID-19 preventive measures.Conclusion and recommendationDespite the fact that COVID-19 is a global and national priority, the preventive measures were not sufficiently followed. Therefore, it is essential to continue working on the community's knowledge, practices, and attitude about COVID-19 preventive measures through media campaigns, which will ultimately increase compliance. Additionally, the concerned stakeholders should consider the required interventions for the strongly associated factors that have been discovered in this current study.

Evaluation of serum lipid profiles, uric acid, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels between pregnancy-induced hypertension and normotensive pregnant women attending Ambo University Referral Hospital, Ambo, Ethiopia, 2020: A case-control study.

Background and AimsPregnancy‐induced hypertension is one of the top three ranked diseases during pregnancy that cause maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. To provide adequate information to clinicians and researchers who are striving for potential interventions, biochemical profiling of such patients is required.MethodsA hospital‐based case‐control study design was conducted from August 2020 to May 2021 to evaluate serum lipid profile, uric acid, and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) among women with pregnancy‐induced hypertension compared to normotensive pregnant women. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Independent t‐test and χ 2 were used to compare the relationship of variables between the two groups. A p‐value less than 0.05 was used to test statistical significance.ResultsThe result of this study showed that while the levels (mean ± SD) of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), TC/high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), TG/HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C were significantly elevated, HDL‐C was decreased among women with pregnancy‐induced hypertension than normotensive pregnant women (p < 0.0001). The levels (mean ± SD) of uric acid and hs‐CRP were significantly higher among women with pregnancy‐induced hypertension compared to normotensive pregnant women (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThis study indicated that pregnancy‐induced hypertension women have lipid abnormalities, increased systemic inflammatory markers, and hyperuricemia compared to normotensive pregnant women. Thus, women with PIH showing high dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and inflammation are likely to develop hypertension. Therefore, evaluation of these potential biomarkers during early antenatal care services may help seek interventions in PIH.

Prevalence and predictors of thrombocytopenia among HAART naive HIV positive patients at Ambo University Referral Hospital

BackgroundDeranged hematological parameters, including thrombocytopenia, are features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Thrombocytopenia is the second most frequent complication of HIV infection. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of thrombocytopenia among HAART naive people living with HIV at Ambo University referral hospital. MethodsHospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Ambo university referral hospital from June 2021 to September 2021. The data were gathered retrospectively from the patients' medical cards. The collected data was processed and analyzed using SPSS version 24 and presented as a table and figure, then interpreted based on the findings. Logistic regression was drawn with a p-value of less than 0.05 accepted as statistically significant. ResultsMost of the study participants were females 68(60.7%). The mean ± SD age of the patients was 36.46 ± 9.6 years, ranging from 19 to 67 years. The overall prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 13(11.6%). In terms of CD4 count, study participants with a CD4 count less than 350 were nearly 14 times more likely to have thrombocytopenia than those with a CD4 count greater than 500 (AOR = 13.76, 95% CI) (1.368–138.49). Participants in the study who were treated with AZT containing HAART were 9 times more likely to develop thrombocytopenia than their counterparts (AOR = 9.49, 95% CI (1.732–5202). ConclusionA decreased CD4 number and the presence of other medical co-morbidity showed to have increased risks towards the presence of thrombocytopenia. Therefore, to decrease thrombocytopenic-related mortality and morbidity, there should be continuous screening for HIV-infected patients.