Prevalence and Associated Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease among Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients at Ambo Town Public Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a global public health important disease that is associated with life threatening outcomes including renal failure and premature mortality unless diagnosed and treated promptly. Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension are the two major causes of chronic kidney disease worldwide. This study is aimed to determine prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease among diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients at Ambo town public hospitals, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ambo University referral and general hospitals on 308 study participants. The participants were interviewed using interviewer administered questionnaire when they come for follow up at a chronic illness follow-up clinic. The patient charts were reviewed to retrieve information regarding medications, blood pressure, serum Creatinine and glucose level. A chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation was used to estimate Glomerular filtration rate from serum Creatinine. Data were analyzed SPSS version 23 for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with chronic kidney disease. Variables with a p-value below 0.2 at bivariable analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between dependent and independent variables and p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: A total of 308 diabetic and hypertensive patients were included in the study. Of which 156 (50.6%) participants were female with mean (± SD) age of 47.15 ± 12.06 years. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (stage 3-5) was 20.5% with (95% CI: 16%-25%). Long duration of hypertension (AOR=4.89, 95% CI=1.93-12.40), elevated systolic blood pressure (>140mmHG) (AOR=3.20, 95% CI=1.36-7.51), family history (AOR=3.36, 95% CI=1.56-7.24) and age greater than 55 years (AOR=2.17, 95% CI=1.09-4.31) were factors associated with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease was high. Older age, elevated SBP, long duration of hypertension and family history of kidney disease were factors associated with chronic kidney disease. A preventive plan is mandatory to reduce the disease and complications in the community