Abstract
Background There is an alarming rise of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence globally, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality necessitating special attention as one of the major public health problems. The burden of CKD disproportionately impacts low-income countries like Ethiopia where hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the two most important risk factors for CKD growth rate, are greatest. Objective The aim of this study is to assess patient awareness, prevalence, and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients. Methods Hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center among adult (≥18 years) hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant and data was collected by interview and chart review; blood and urine samples were collected for CKD screening. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from serum creatinine using CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, and CKD was defined using estimated GFR (e-GFR) and albuminuria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of CKD and p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Result Mean (±SD=standard deviation) age of participants was 54.81 ± 12.45 years and 110 (52.9%) of them were male. Only 59 (28.4%) of the participants had awareness about CKD and its risk factors. The prevalence of CKD was 26% (95% CI; 20.3%-31.8%). Factors associated with chronic kidney disease were uncontrolled blood pressure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.22,95% CI=1.01-4.76), fasting blood sugar ≥ 150 mg/dl, (AOR=3.70,95% CI=1.75-7.69), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) nonusers, (AOR=4.35 ,95% CI=1.96-10.0), poor knowledge of CKD (AOR=3.69, 95% CI=1.48-9.20), and long duration of hypertension (AOR=4.55, 95%CI=1.72-11.11). Conclusion Our study found out low level of patient awareness and high prevalence of CKD. The predictors of CKD were uncontrolled blood pressure, fasting blood sugar> 150 mg/dl, long duration of hypertension, ACEIs nonusers, and poor knowledge about CKD.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), is defined as a progressive loss of kidney function occurring over several months to years; it is characterized by the gradual replacement of normal kidney structure with fibrotic tissues [1]
Independent predictors for chronic kidney disease were identified using multivariate logistic regression; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) nonusers, poor knowledge of CKD, long duration of hypertension, fasting blood sugar ≥ 150 mg/dl, uncontrolled blood pressure (>140/90mmHG) were found to be independent predictors of chronic kidney disease, According to our finding, patients with uncontrolled blood pressure were 2.22 (AOR; 2.22 95% CI 1.01-4.76) times at risk for chronic kidney disease than those with controlled blood pressure
Regarding knowledge of CKD risk factors only 38.5% and 44.2% of participants knew hypertension and diabetes mellitus can cause CKD, respectively; this was in line with finding in Nigeria [23], which was 38.3% and 43.6%, respectively, but higher than the report from Iran where only 12.7% of the respondents selected “unmanaged diabetes” and 14.4% selected “unmanaged hypertension” as “very likely to result in CKD” [24]
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), is defined as a progressive loss of kidney function occurring over several months to years; it is characterized by the gradual replacement of normal kidney structure with fibrotic tissues [1] When these structural changes become conspicuous, it results in decreased kidneys’ ability to process waste in the blood and perform other functions. There is an alarming rise of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence globally, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality necessitating special attention as one of the major public health problems. The aim of this study is to assess patient awareness, prevalence, and risk factors of chronic kidney disease among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients. The predictors of CKD were uncontrolled blood pressure, fasting blood sugar> 150 mg/dl, long duration of hypertension, ACEIs nonusers, and poor knowledge about CKD
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
