Epidemiological and Etiological Aspects of Acute Renal Failure in the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department of the Point G University Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Acute renal failure (ARF) represents a major public health problem associated with high mortality. The incidence is increasing with the emergence of multiple risk factors. In Mali, there are currently no data on the extent and severity of this condition in either hospital or community settings. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of ARF in adults treated at the University Hospital Centre (CHU) of Bamako. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study that took place from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022 at the CHU du Point G in Bamako. It focused on patients hospitalised and/or followed up on an outpatient basis in the nephrology department during the study period. Results: The prevalence of acute renal failure was 11.55% with a sex ratio of 1.49. The mean age was 42.37±20.7 (range 6-88 years). Elevated plasma creatinine was the main reason for consultation. Creatinine levels were above 500µmol/l in 65.21% of cases. High blood pressure was the main presenting condition in 33.7% of cases. Acute renal failure was organic, obstructive and functional in 72.8%, 15.2% and 12% respectively. Rehydratation was used in 97.8% of cases. Dialysis was indicated in 40% of cases. Age over 60 years was a major risk factor for ARF. The outcome was favourable in 81.5% of cases. Conclusion: Mortality in dialysis patients with ARF remains high. Several factors influence the prognosis of these patients, including the severity of ARF and pre-existing comorbidity.