Ambo University Research Articles

Infestation of Ixodidae Ticks in Cattle: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Ambo District, Western Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, ticks cause serious economic loss particularly in ruminants. A cross sectional study was conducted in Ambo district, Western Ethiopia from October, 2018 to June, 2019 with the objectives of determining the prevalence, identifying the associated risk factors and the tick species of cattle in the area. From five purposively selected kebeles (the smallest administrative unit of Ethiopia) of the district, a total of 384 cattle were selected by systematic random sampling method. Adult Ixodid ticks were collected from different body parts of infested cattle, preserved in 10% formalin and transported to Ambo University Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory for stereomicroscopic identification to species level. Among 384 cattle examined, 201 (52.34%) cattle were infested with one or two tick species. A higher prevalence of tick infestation was recorded in Degele Gatira kebele (53.25%), followed by Abebe Doyo (50.65%), Gosu Kora (50.65%), Kisose Liban (50.65%), and Senkele Faris (56.59%). The study investigated three genera of Ixodid ticks namely Rhipicephalus (41.7%), Boophilus (0.8%) and Amblyomma (2.60%). Mixed infestations were common including Rh. Boophilus and Amblyomma 24(6.25%) and Rh. Boophilus and Rhipicephalus 4(1.04%). The study identified four species of ticks; namely Rh. (Bo.) decoloratus 109 (28.40%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus 43(11.20%), Amblyomma vareigatum 3(0.80%) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi 11(2.90%). The difference in tick infestation was found to be statistically insignificant (P >0.05) between different age groups and kebeles but statistically significant (P <0.05) among sex groups, breeds, and different body condition scores (P <0.05). In conclusion, this study indicated a high prevalence of tick infestation and identified the most important ticks that can transmit various livestock diseases. A proper tick eradication campaign should be conducted to reduce the tick burden in the study area, and concomitantly reduce tick-borne diseases and associated economic losses.

Prevalence of Internet Addiction and its Correlates Among Regular Undergraduate Medicine and Health Science Students at Ambo University. Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction:Internet addiction (IA) is causing academic failure, decreased concentration ability, and a negative affective state. In Ethiopia, studies conducted on IA were limited; therefore, this study aimed to assess its prevalence and risk factors among medicine and health science (MHS) students of Ambo University.Materials and Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study and included MHS students of Ambo University from July 15 to August 15, 2021. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire after receiving informed consent from study participants. The results were analyzed using the statistical software for social sciences version 24. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to explore the relationship between IA and dependent variables.Results:Of the 253 participants who participated in the study, 201 (79%) were found to have an IA. Having one’s own computer, Internet access at home and an email account were 2 times more risky to develop IA compared to their counterparts with AOR = 2.615 (95% CI = 1.118-5.956) with a P value of .022, AOR = 2.154 (95% CI = 1.054-4.405) with a P value of .35 and (=2.154 (95% CI = 1.054-4.405 with a P value of .035 respectively. Additionally, those who use the Internet for news were 2.5 times more likely to develop IA compared to those who do not (AOR = 2.551 (95% CI = 1.225-5.349) with a P-value of .013). The use of the Internet for scientific research and education reduces IA by 0.7 times (AOR = 0.323 (95% CI = 0.120-0.868) with a P value of .025).Conclusions:The prevalence of IA was found to be high in this study. Therefore, strategies are needed to minimize the prevalence of this problem.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Soil Transmitted Helminths and <i>Schistosoma</i> <i>mansoni</i> Infections Among Communities Along Rivers in Guder Town, West Ethiopia

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (<i>S. mansoni</i>) are among the most common cause of human infections and are distributed throughout developing countries including Ethiopia. However, there is little information on the current status of these infections to guide intervention in the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of STHs and S. mansoni infections among communities along rivers in Guder town from September to October 2021. A cross-sectional study design was employed from September to October 2021 among communities along rivers in Guder town, West Shewa, Ethiopia. A total of 279 study participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were sampled randomly. Data on the sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants and risk factors for STHs and <i>S. mansoni</i> infections were gathered using a structured questionnaire. For the quantification of STHs and S. mansoni eggs, the stool sample was processed using a single Kato-Katz technique. Data were entered into Epi-info and analyzed using SPSS. Binary logistic regression analysis was done and variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Live snails were transferred to the Ambo University in a plastic container with water and weed for identification and cercaria infection. The overall prevalence of any STHs and <i>S. mansoni</i> was 59 (21.2%), of which the prevalence of STHs and <i>S. mansoni</i> accounts for 54 (19.4%) and 10 (3.6%), respectively. Among Soil-Transmitted Helminths, A. lumbricoides was the predominant parasite detected in 39 (14%) followed by T. trichiura 13 (4.7%) and hookworms 11 (3.9%). Light intensity was found in the majority of study participants infected with STHs and <i>S. mansoni</i>. Having untrimmed fingernails, Lack of washing vegetables and fruit, and open defecation habits were significantly associated with STHs infection while swimming in the nearby river was significantly associated with <i>S. mansoni</i>. A few of the live snails collected were identified as <i>B. pfeifferi</i> and cercariae shading was not detected. This study showed 19.4 % of Soil Transmitted Helminths and 3.6% of <i>S. mansoni</i> infections. So, case-by-case treatment is recommended to control morbidity associated with Soil-Transmitted Helminths and <i>S. mansoni</i> infections in the study area.

Outcomes and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients Admitted to Adult Intensive Care Unit, Retrospective Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Background: Intensive care unit represent a multidisciplinary and inter-professional specialty dedicated to the total management of patients with acute life threatening condition. Now a day the care is advancing; however, in resource limited country like Ethiopia the care is very poor if any and mortality still high because of numerous reasons. Objective: To determine outcome with its associated factors of adult patient admitted to adult intensive care unit (AICU), Ambo University Referral Hospital, and Ambo. Ethiopia. Method: After obtaining ethical clearance, a retrospective institution-based cohort study was used. Data were retrieved from all intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients (from September 2019 to December 2021) using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and the collected data was entered into Epi info and transported to SPSS for analysis. Risk factors and their associations were assessed by logistic regression, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used, P value 0.05 on multivariate logistic regression was considered statistically significant. Result: Five hundred and fifty patients have been admitted to the intensive care unit. However; only 390 patients had completed data and were analyzed. Majority 203 (52.1%) of participants were men and 155 patients were supplied by the medical service. The overall mortality rate was 46.9%, and significantly associated with Glasgow coma scale &lt; 9 (AOR = 3.7, P value &lt; 0.001), patient with coexisting disease (AOR = 2.2, P value 0.001). AOR = 1.9, P-value 0.011). mechanical ventilation requirements (AOR = 2.6, P-value 0.001) and patients who stayed less than four days in intensive care are more likely to die than patients who stayed longer than four days (AOR = 2.4, P value &lt; 0.001). Conclusion and recommendation: The overall death rate in the intensive care unit is high and patient with low Glasgow coma scale, coexisting disease, need of mechanical ventilation short duration of stay are associated with mortality in intensive care unit. Therefore; we recommend the improvement of acute intensive care through the expansion of care, the provision of emergency equipment, drugs and human resources from different disciplines. Highlights

Cardiac Arrest Due to Severe Vasovagal Response After Spinal Anaesthesia in Caesarean Section: Case Report

ABSTRACT Introduction and importance: The vasovagal response is a reflex action that causes cardiovascular depression, bradycardia, and loss of consciousness. It is important to be aware of the risk factors for the vasovagal response and the pathophysiology that must be managed once it occurs. Case presentation: A 28-year-old mother was admitted to Ambo University Hospital for an emergency cesarean section. She received spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine 12.5 milligrams isobaric, and after the T4 blockade was reached, surgery was initiated. A few seconds later, the patient’s heart rate, consciousness, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure dropped then immediately cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started adrenaline and fluid was administered. After a few minutes, the patient’s vital signs recovered. And with careful monitoring in the intensive care unit for 24 hours, the patient was discharged to the obstetrics department and discharged to her home 2 days later without leaving any specific sequelae. This case demonstrates the potentially serious risk of vasovagal damage with spinal anesthesia during cesarean section, particularly during placental expulsion. Discussion: Vasovagal response secondary to spinal anesthesia and uterine retraction is a rare phenomenon, which results in a decrease in patient consciousness, heart rate oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and finally cardiac arrest. So it is important to know warning signs of the reflex and the early beginning of recitations. Conclusion: The unanticipated vasovagal response is secondary to spinal anesthesia and uterine retraction can potentially cause severe consequences. Therefore, the lessons we learned from this case were careful history-taking and preoperative evaluation; proper management of preload, early recognition of vasovagal responses through careful monitoring, and timely treatment of hemodynamic collapse. Highlight

Evaluation of Insecticides for the Management of Diamondback Moth, (Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on Cabbage under Field Condition

Diamondback Moth (DBM) is one of the major constraints for the profitable production of cabbage in the country as well as Ambo highlands in particular. The field study was conducted to evaluate the susceptible varietal resistance of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var.capitata) against diamondback moth (DBM) ( Plutella xylostella ) infestations and damages at the Ambo university farm in a relay cropping (Rain season) in 2019. Varietal resistance was compared with conventional spraying using Randomized complete block design (RCBD) spraying chemical of insecticides at different spray interval. The Cabbage varieties were Copenhagen from local market. Sampling was done by weekly counting of larvae and pupae, and scoring pest damage on six randomly selected plants per plot for 5 weeks from the third week after transplanting. The number of damage and undamaged cabbage heads were counted on all plants per plot at maturity stage. Results showed that sprayed and unsprayed plots had significantly (P&lt;0.05) different numbers of DBM stages (larvae and pupae). The yield losses of cabbage caused by DBM could reach up to more than 80% as several infestations occurred in the field. Due to this problem, farmers in Ambo highlands are preferred to apply the broad spectrum of non-systematic insecticides rather than implementing other pest management strategies. The demand for insecticides in Ambo highlands seems endless until today, but more aggressive. This paper highlighted the possibility of implementing intercropping cabbage with six treatments in reducing pupae and larvae populations of DBM in the polyculture system. The distributions of pupae and larvae population of DBM against the factors of temperature and rainfall also have been addressed in this study. A total of six treatments were indicated, that including Cutter, Trigger, Ethiozenon, Nomax, Fastac and Control which arranged in (RCBD). The result indicated that nonsignificant variations (P&lt;0.05) were observed among the population of pupae and larvae at all seven treatments tested compared with the control. Moreover, pupae and larvae of DBM were negatively correlated with temperature and rainfall factors. The results also showed that a critical period of DBM infestations was detected in the pre-heading stage (&lt; 30 DAT). In terms of performance among treatments, our finding also has shown that Nomax was the best treatment acted as a repellent. Keywords: Diamondback Moth, Management Strategies, (Plutella xylostella ) Insecticide Resistance. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-23-04 Publication date: December 31 st 2021

Assessing Social and Emotional Competencies of Undergraduates: A Cross-Cultural Study

The study was conducted to assess social-emotional competencies among Indian and Ethiopian undergraduates. A total of 400 (200 each) participants, with an equal number of 100 male and female were selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure from Punjabi University (India), and Wollega University and Ambo University (Ethiopia). The participants were tested with the Social Skills Inventory (SSI: Riggio &amp; Carney, 2003), which consists of two super-dimensions, i.e. emotional competence and social competence each having three sub-dimensions: emotional expressivity, emotional sensitivity, emotional control, and social expressivity, social sensitivity and social control respectively. Obtained data were subjected to t-statistics. Significant mean differences in social-emotional competence were observed between the Indian and Ethiopian young adults; male and female samples of the two countries. The Indian sample was greater in Social-emotional competence than the Ethiopian sample. Similarly, male and female participants from the Indian sample were greater in social-emotional skills than that of the Ethiopian sample, except for emotional sensitivity with the female participants, where the mean difference was non-significant. Further explorations are recommended to consolidate or refute the result of the present study.

Factors Affecting the Quality of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students’ Researches in Ambo University, Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study from Advisors’ Perspective

BackgroundOne of the problems facing higher education institutions in developing countries such as Ethiopia is the poor quality of undergraduate students’ academic work. However, there is a scarcity of empirical data on the specific causes of the poor quality of undergraduate study. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore factors that influence the quality of undergraduate pharmacy students’ research projects at Ambo University in Ethiopia, from the perspective of research advisors.MethodsA qualitative study was held in Ambo University, Department of Pharmacy from March 2 to March 27, 2020. A total number of 15 research advisors were the participants of the study. A semi-structured interview questionaire was prepared to explore participants’ ideas about the current situation of research quality, underlying causes and perception towards outcomes of poor quality of undergraduate pharmacy students’ research projects. The necessary data were collected through in-depth interview and qualitative content analysis was employed to analyze the data.ResultsThe majority of the key informants thought that the quality of undergraduate pharmacy students research projects is decreasing from time to time in their university due to students’ research knowledge gap, poor commitment, and motivation, lack of communication between students and advisors, plagiarism, financial problems, shortage of experienced research advisors, advisors less motivation and dedication, insufficient research facilities, lack of research fund, poor management support, and limitation of the undergraduate curriculum. They also revealed weak students’ research capacity, absence of knowledge transfer through research publication and presentation, and inadequate baseline evidence for the policymakers are the potential outcomes of poor quality undergraduate pharmacy students’ research projects.ConclusionUndergraduate research quality is a persistent problem in the department of pharmacy of Ambo University. The problem is exacerbated due to multiple factors. As a result, the university should establish a framework for collaboration among students, advisors, and university research leaders; it should also boost students’ research capacity by hiring qualified researchers, equipping the research facility with appropriate technology, and instituting a system for monitoring and evaluating research project results.

Exploring The Correlation between Cyber Security Awareness, Protection Measures and the State of Victimhood: The Case Study of Ambo University’s Academic Staffs

The advancement of information communication technology has triggered a revolution in using the Internet for legitimate educational purposes on university campuses. Therefore, the Internet has changed the way of human communication and contributed to the development of mankind. On the other hand it is regrettable that its revolution has helped malicious users to exploit it for the malign purpose to commit a cyberspace crime that has in turn negatively affected fellow users who were preyed on by cyber predators. This work aimed to examine the awareness of cybersecurity, the measures taken to protect against cyberattacks and the state of victimization among professors at Ambo University. Thus, the present study comes up with the following findings. First, the result shows that the respondents’ cybersecurity awareness was significantly influenced by cyber-crime victimization, fields of study, and protection measures. Second, the current study also depicts that the respondents’ protection measures were connected to and influenced by cyber-crime victimization, education level, and cyber-security awareness. Finally, the study’s findings show that being a cyber-crime victim has been linked to predictors’ variables: protection measures and the level of cybersecurity awareness.

Evaluation of the Undergraduate Pharmacy Student Research Projects in Ambo University, Ethiopia: Retrospective Review.

BackgroundAcademic research is an essential part of undergraduate Pharmacy education to produce qualified Pharmacists. However, there are no documented studies that examine the nature of undergraduate Pharmacy students’ research projects in Ethiopia. Therefore this study aimed to characterize the nature of students’ research project conducted for a bachelor of Pharmacy degree program at Ambo University, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional, retrospective review using data extraction form was conducted on 279 research reports of undergraduate Pharmacy students at Ambo University from 2013/14 to 2018/2019. The National Harmonized Modular Curriculum program for the Bachelor of Pharmacy degree in Ethiopia was used as a framework to group research projects by research topics and domains. Students’ profile (gender, program), supervisors profile, research types and topics, a domain of pharmacy curriculum, study setting, study design, target population, data collection strategy and techniques, and therapeutic classes of medicines for each project were extracted to see the characteristics of students’ research project. Data were entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data.ResultsFrom 279 Pharmacy undergraduate students’ research projects, 83.9% were conducted by male students and 64.1% were by regular program students. Two hundred fifty (89.6%) of the projects were surveys. Slightly less than half (49.8%) of the research projects were clinical researches. One hundred twenty-six (45.2%) of the research projects were focused on the pharmaceutical care domain followed by dispensing (22.6%) and research and education domain (10%). Out of the 250 survey research projects, the majority 226 (90.4%) of them were used cross-sectional study design, 205 (82%) were conducted at hospitals and 187 (74.8%) were done on the clinical population.ConclusionThe study showed that the majority of the abstracted projects were surveyed type quantitative clinical researches focused on the Pharmaceutical care domain and takes place at hospitals affiliated with the University. On the contrary, a lower proportion of the research projects were laboratory-based researches, focused on Pharmaceuticals manufacturing, drug information service, regulation, and supply chain management domains, and takes place at community Pharmacy and educational institutions. Thus, it is highly recommended the University has to devise a system for expansion of the study settings other than its affiliated hospitals, and the research topics would encompass all areas and domains of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical sciences.

Adherence to Guidelines for Assessment and Empiric Antibiotics Recommendations for Community-Acquired Pneumonia at Ambo University Referral Hospital: Prospective Observational Study.

ObjectiveThe high incidence and substantial morbidity and mortality associated with community-acquired pneumonia necessitate an accurate assessment and appropriate management of patients. This observational prospective study aimed to evaluate the physicians’ adherence to the Ethiopian Standard Treatment Guideline for assessment and an empiric antibiotic selection for Community-acquired pneumonia.ResultsThe study indicated that the pneumonia severity assessment tool, CURB-65 score, was never used. Of 141 patients referred to an admitting diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia, only 50 were subsequently found to satisfy the guideline criteria, over-diagnosis of 41.9%. Large proportions of the participants (130, 60%) were prescribed antibiotics in the last three months. The most commonly prescribed single antibiotic was Ceftriaxone (47, 21.7%), while ceftriaxone plus azithromycin was the most common combination, 110 (50.7%). In general, the extent of non-adherence to the national guideline for the use of antibiotics was 36.4%. In conclusion, the use of CRB65 scores was uncommon in the study setting. Poor adherence to Ethiopian Standard Treatment Guideline regarding the decision of hospital admission (41.9%) and the antimicrobial selection (36.4%) was determined.

Assessment of the Water Quality of Chole River, Ethiopia using Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Selected Physicochemical Parameters

The water quality of Chole River was assessed based oninsitu measurements and laboratory analyses of water and benthic macroinvertebrates samples collected for three rounds from January - April, 2017 once every two months from three sites coded S1, S2 and S3 using standard procedures. Laboratory analyses of benthic macroinvertebrates samples yielded5712 specimens belonging to 26 families and 9 Orders. Percentage of sensitive taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) (%EPT), Shannon diversity (H’), ETHbios score, Average Score Per Taxon and family richness decreased with increasing level of impacts from S1 through S3 to S2 in contrast to percentage of the tolerant Chironomidae (%Chiro.), percentage of dominant taxon (%DT) and Hilsonhoff’s Family Biotic Index (H-FBI).Mean %EPT was maximum at S1 (77.7%), followed by S3 (16.4%) and lowest at S2 (9.3%) whereas red Chironomidae dominated at S2 (84.6%) and S3 (91.8%). Family richness was maximum at S1 (25) and minimum at S2 (22). The lowest dissolved oxygen (4.29±1.85 mg/l) and maximum total phosphorus (6.09 ± 0.09) were determined at S2indicating organic and detergent pollutions, respectively. Electrical conductivity (609 ±169), Ammonium Nitrogen (0.091 ±0.067mg/l), Nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - N) and (2.02 ± 0.141mg/l) picked at S3and remained relatively higher at S2.The heavy solid and liquid wastes loaded from Ambo University campus at S2 and common stressors at S3 including solid waste disposal, cattle watering, bathing, washing clothes and car washing might be responsible for the spatial variation in benthic macroinvertebrates indices/metrics and physicochemical parameterswhich indicateddeterioration in the water quality of Chole River at downstream sites. Keywords: Biomonitoring , Ethiopia, macroinvertebrates, physicochemical parameters, Water Quality DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/73-02 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

Assessment on Materials Quality Control Implementation of Building Construction Projects and Workmanship: A Case Study of Ambo University

Quality of material issues have been a significant source of concern since the dawn of recorded history. Building materials are essential and should be performed according to standard specifications because they cover around 60% of the project cost. Prior to project construction, specific codes, standards, and specifications should be available. Using all required materials does not guarantee a sound building appearance or function. Even with suitable materials, workmanship, and supervision, unexpected output can affect a building. Quality workmanship is a comprehensive approach to bolstering building durability, serviceability, and safety. The study evaluated Ambo University's building construction materials and quality. Convenience and quota sampling techniques were collected from all contractors and consultants involved in building construction via questionnaires and interviews. A comprehensive literature review identified 15 major factors affecting building construction materials quality and workmanship, and respondents ranked them in the order of importance. Defects in existing buildings and ongoing projects had observed due to non-compliance with construction materials and workmanship based on specifications and standards. The results indicated that Ambo University building has no defect-free structure, including the degree and type of defects vary. A 94% of the studied buildings had moisture leakage, plastering defects, paint peeling, and cracks. Hence, the consultants and Ambo University project representatives should adhere with the standard specifications, and must exercise their profession according to the ethical code of conduct. All of these, it will play a vital role in the success of construction projects.

Menstrual related discomfort and associated factors among undergraduate students in Ambo University, Central Ethiopia.

Background:Menstruation is a natural phenomenon which is an indicator of women’s health that occurs throughout the reproductive years of every female. This phenomenon is unique to the females and governed by the girl’s general health condition, genetic, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors. Although it is a normal physiological process, most females experience some degree of pain and discomfort in their menstruation period. Even though there are limited studies so far reported about the issue in some other parts of the country, there is no scientific evidence in the present study area.Objective:To assess menstrual-associated discomfort and associated factors among undergraduate students in Ambo University, Central Ethiopia, 2018.Methods:Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Ambo University from 30 March to 30 April 2018. Stratified sampling technique was used and 748 study participants were randomly selected from faculties using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Only data from 713 study participants were entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Logistic regression was used to associate factors with menstrual-associated discomfort. All statistical tests were considered as significant at a p-value of < 0.05.Result:The prevalence of menstrual-associated discomfort was found to be 68.6%. The variables age (Being younger) (adjusted odds ratio = 3.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.28, 11.78)), Tigire ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.02, 5.75)), unmarried (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.21, 3.76)), smokers (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.12, 4.29)), drinking caffeine (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8 (95% confidence interval: 1.17, 2.74)), amount of flow (adjusted odds ratio = 2.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.28, 4.62)), and duration of pain (adjusted odds ratio = 4.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.93, 9.29)) were significantly associated with menstrual-associated discomfort.Conclusion:This study revealed that majority of the participants was experienced with menstrual-associated discomfort. As the tendency of smoking cigarettes, drinking caffeine, and amount of flow is increased, menstrual associated discomfort is increased. Therefore, specific plan of action and support is urgently needed in order to enlighten and treat menstrual-associated discomfort.

Factors Affecting Integration Strategic Planning &amp; Leadership Effectiveness on Organizational Performance: A Case of Ambo University Guder Campus

Factors affecting integration of strategic planning and leadership effectiveness on organization performance. A case of Ambo University Guder Campus. They was identify gap which are planning fails when it doesn’t support from top management and represent calculation style of management not commitment style participate people in journey and spoils. Many good ideas die before having a chance to be tested. Development and approval of innovations would shepherd new ideas through the long and tedious review and approval process in organizations. This study was using mixed research approach. Sampling technique used by simple random sampling. Sample sizes of 270 respondents chosen, distributed questionnaires and interview. Data analyze by STATA 13. Findings exposed that; strategic implementation, strategic monitoring, resource based strategy, governance body, financial management, employee empowerment affects creativity and innovation performance positively. It was also exposed that the strategic planning committee, inter-institutional linkages, community connection affects negatively whereas communication strategies has a positive statistically insignificant. They concluded that there are troubles opposite an organization while implementing strategic planning and leadership effectiveness. Based on the study it is suggested that campus need to develop their strategic monitoring, implementation, participation with community connection, maintain and planned based on campus resource strategy, organize strategic planning committee members based on experience and knowledge, governance body accomplish based on procedure and regulation of an organization, to perform all-embracing employee empowerment (awareness) establishment programs to modernize and effective maximize regularity of financial management.

Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes, and its Predictors Among Hospitalized Stroke Patients in Ambo University Referral Hospital, West Ethiopia: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study.

BackgroundStroke is becoming a leading cause of death and adult disability in the developing world.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to assess the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and its predictors among stroke patients admitted to Ambo University Referral Hospital (AURH), West Ethiopia.MethodsAll 111 stroke patients hospitalized from April 2016 to May 2019 were included using a hospital-based retrospective study. Socio-demographic profile, past medication history, clinical presentation, drugs prescribed for comorbid condition and stroke treatment, and outcomes data were collected using data abstraction formats and results were summarized using both descriptive and inferential statistics.Key FindingsAccording to WHO clinical criteria, 89 (80.2%) were diagnosed with ischemic stroke, and 20 (18.0%) were diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke. The majority of the patients 94 (84.7%) had at least one antecedent risk factor in which hypertension accounted for 44.1%. More than half, 69 (62.2%), of hospitalized stroke patients had good treatment outcomes while 42 (37.8%) had a poor outcome. The overall case-fatality rate was 18 (16.2%), 12 (13.5%) from ischemic stroke, and 6 (30.0%) from hemorrhagic stroke. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) with atorvastatin/simvastatin, 67 (73.5%) in ischemic stroke and 12 (60.0%) in hemorrhagic stroke, was the most frequent medications prescribed for stroke during admission while it was frequently prescribed for 48 (53.6%) of ischemic stroke and 10 (50.0%) of the hemorrhagic stroke on discharge. Overall, ceftriaxone + metronidazole 32 (28.8%) was frequently prescribed concomitant medications during admission. The major predictors identified for poor stroke outcomes were substance abuse (AOR=2.839, P=0.024) and have had not received any medication for stroke treatment during admission (AOR=12.503, P≤0.001).ConclusionA significant number of the admitted stroke patients had poor treatment outcome in which the case-fatality rate was relatively high. Substance abuse and having not received medication for stroke were the significant predictors for poor treatment outcome. Hence, a well-established stroke unit setup at AURH is required for accurate diagnosis and management of stroke to overcome stroke-related mortality and/or poor treatment outcome.

Effect of circuit training on selected health-related physical fitness components: the case of sport science students

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of circuit training on selected health-related physical fitness of 2nd-year sport science students at Ambo University, Ethiopia. The quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. For this study, all 39 students were considered as a sample with 22 males and 17 females by using the stratification sampling technique. Among 39 students, 19 of them were experimental groups (EG, n=19) while the other 20 were considered as the control group (CG, n=20) using a simple random sampling technique. The age of subjects was ranged from 19-22. The EG of the study received a supervised training program for 12 weeks and 3 days per week for 60 – 65 minutes per session and CG did not receive the additional training which was designed for this study. The variables selected for this study were: Muscular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility with their tests of push-up, wall squat and sit and reach test. Tests were taken two times at pre-test and post-training. In this study, exercise was done with orientations, instructions, and supervision by the researcher and assistants. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. After the 12-week training program, the muscular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility of the students are increased significantly in the experimental group (p &lt; .05). The respective values did not change in the control group (p &gt; .05). The results showed that the circuit training program was effective to increase and maintain muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility of the students. The present study indicated that 12-weeks of well-designed physical fitness training enhanced the performance of sport science students at Ambo University. Therefore, scientific-based training should be incorporated into the sports science curriculum training program to maximize the ability of the athletes.

EIA: Art of construction management for different materials

Abstract “Excellent EIA leaders are the superior communicators”. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) at its heart is a practical tool for evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse. The main objective of this EIA report is to indicate the positive & negative impacts of the civil engineering project during its construction and to identify whether the projects are developing under the normal path as per the work schedule or not and also to suggest the mitigate measures to overcome any of the adverse impacts to the environment. The likely impacts of any proposed / on-going construction projects can be examined by compiling and assessing the multi-disciplinary information under EIA. In the current EIA study, an on– going building construction activity is undertaken to assess all the necessary information for the insight judgment and prediction on how effectively the project is proceeding, and to highlight all the major positive and negative impacts upon the on-going project; and finally to conclude the mitigative measures to overcome the negative impacts, in general. Keeping this as a keen view in mind, the study was conducted at On-going project in Ambo University Referral Hospital site, Ambo, Ethiopia. The data were collected through the structured questionnaire and all the major factors were analyzed, compiled and screened out.

Professional Learning Communities: Perceptions, Challenges and Possibilities in Ambo University

Recent studies suggest that professional learning community is necessary for increasing teacher’s commitment to their goals and allows them to share their successful practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of professional learning communities: perceptions, challenges and possibilities in Ambo University. The study was conducted using mixed research method and explanatory sequential mixed research design. In the first case, in order to obtain quantitative data a close ended questioner were administered to 250 teachers and analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics namely: mean score, standard deviation, percentages, t-test. In the second case, qualitative data was obtained through semi structured interview and focused group discussion. The result of the study shows that, all the six dimensions of professional learning community were to a great extent, perceived to be unimplemented in Ambo University. Implications, which are assumed to improve the practices of professional learning community, were highly recommended in the study. Keywords: shared leadership, shared practice, shared values and vision, supportive conditions, collective learning DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-34-05 Publication date: December 31 st 2020

Assessment of knowledge on abortion law and factors affecting it among regular undergraduate female students of Ambo University, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2018: a cross sectional study

BackgroundKnowledge of abortion law is a key determinant of the utilization of safe abortion services. Neglecting it can lead to high social and economic costs, both immediately and in the future. One of the major reasons for not utilizing the safe abortion by the youth female is inadequate knowledge about the abortion law. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess knowledge on abortion law and associated factors among female regular undergraduate students of Ambo University.MethodologyInstitutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 795 randomly selected undergraduate female students of Ambo University using structured and pre-tested questionnaire from March, 28-May, 18, 2018.The result of the analysis was presented by tables using descriptive frequency percentage and odd ratios. The result was presented using tables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done between dependent and independent variables at 95% confident interval and P value < 0.05.ResultMajority (79%) of the study participants were not able to identify all the conditions under which abortion is legally available in Ethiopia. In this study receiving health education on abortion law (AOR = 7.382, 95% CI: (1.118–48.761), knowing where safe abortion can be performed (AOR = 3.116, 95% CI: (1.854–5.239)) and being member of health club in the university (AOR = 2.092, 95% CI:1.256–3.484) were the predictors of abortion law knowlwdge .ConclusionThe study concluded that knowledge of female student’s on abortion law is low in the study area. In this study, participates who received health education on abortion law and having involving in the health club at university were found to be the predictors of knowledge on abortion law .