Amaranthus Spinosus Research Articles

Phytochemical Screening and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Analysis of the Leaf and Stem Extracts of Amaranthus Spinosus

This research work was carried out to determine the phytochemicals and elemental constituents present in the leaf and stem of Amaranthus spinosus. The atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis was carried out using the crushed dry plant materials while the extraction of the phytochemicals was carried out using methanol in a Soxhlet extractor. From the analysis done, the following elements were detected in the plant parts: cobalt, lead, manganese, nickel, copper, cadmium, magnesium, iron, chromium and calcium but nickel was found absent in the leaf. Some of these elements are beneficial to health. The phytochemical screening done indicated the presence of the following: alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, volatile oils, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Structural Elucidation and Antimicrobial Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Amaranthus spinosus

Amaranthus spinosus is a herb which belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and used by ethnic people in the treatment of various infections and ailments. As a result of its medicinal properties, it is gaining the attention of many researchers.
 This research work was carried out to isolate the compounds present in the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus, characterize, use obtained data to validate its bioactivity.
 The crude extract was obtained using methanol in a Soxhlet extractor. The pure extracts were isolated from the crude extracts using column chromatography and further purification was done using Sephadex. The structures of the isolates were elucidated using nuclear magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
 In the validation of the bioactivity of the plant, some pathogens were used, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
 The antimicrobial analysis carried out using two isolates from the plant extracts indicated the following zones of inhibition (mm) for the first isolate: 16.00 ± 0.01, 16.00 ±0.01, 15.00 ± 0.08, 16.00±0.08, 17.00 ± 0.08. For the second isolate, the diameter zone of inhibition (mm) includes 6.00±0.08, 5.00± 0.10, 26.00± 0.10, 5.00±0.08, and 16.00±0.10. These results were compared with a standard antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, and standard antifungal, ketoconazole.
 The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the isolated compounds were determined and compared with those of the standard drugs.

Potensi Alellopati Ekstrak Gulma Alang Alang Sebagai Bioherbisida

The aim of this study was to determine the Alellopathy Potential contained in Imperata cylindrica extract as a Bio-herbicide. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture; Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University. This research method used completely randomized design (CRD); with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments are (A0): Control; A1 : extract concentration ( 250 g/L) ; A2 : 500g/L ; (A3); 750 g / L. Observational data were analyzed using Analysis of Variant (ANOVA), then tested with 5% BNT. The results showed allelopathy contained in the extract of Imperata cylindrica L. can suppress weed seed germination up to 94.67 %; and has a negative effect on the initial growth of spiny spinach (Amaranthus spinosus L) seedling sprouts. With treatment A2 and A3 ; All weed seeds that were able to germinate grew abnormally (100%). Imperata cylindica extract has the potential to be used as a bio-herbicide (natural herbicide) to suppress the early growth of weed seeds on spinach spines.

Evaluation of proximate compositions and heavy metal concentrations of Amaranthus spinosus L. and Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss. harvested on some poultry dumpsites in Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract Poultry waste as enhancement for crop development has become a norm for nutrients’ source but their pollution potentials is a source for concern. Thus, this study aimed at assessing proximate compositions and heavy metal accumulation in organs of Amaranthus spinosus and Talinum fruticosum handpicked from three poultry faecal sites in Badagry, Lagos State. Leaves and roots of A. spinosus and T. fruticosum as well as soil samples were collected from Yafin, Agric and Badagry dumpsites in Badagry Local Government and these were subjected to proximate and heavy metal analyses using standard analytical procedures. Data obtained were analyzed using mean-standard deviation. Proximate analyses of A. spinosus and T. fruticosum from three faecal sites contained appreciable Moisture, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, and fat contents. Also, heavy metal analyses of the vegetables from the three faecal sites ranged as follows: Cd: 0.01-0.05mg/100g in leaves; 0.04-0.12mg/100g in roots, Co: 0.04-0.05 in leaves; 0.04-0.12mg/100g in roots, Cr: 0.58-0.84mg/100g in leaves; 0.91-1.01mg/100g in roots, Cu: 0.27-70.51mg/100g in leaves; 0.50-58.55mg/100g in roots for A. spinosus; Cd: 0.04-0.07mg/100g in leaves; 0.06-0.12mg/100g in roots, Co: 0.02-0.06mg/100g in leaves; 0.08-0.34mg/100g in roots, Cr: 0.05-0.12mg/100g in leaves; 0.04-0.23mg/100g in roots, Cu: 61.55-121.81mg/100g in leaves; 48.45-147.45mg/100g in roots for T. fruticosum and Cd: 3.53-9.05mg/100g, Co: 0.14-0.69mg/100g, Cr:0.14-4.22mg/100g: and Cu: 2.59-8.11mg/100g in soils for all three dumpsites sampled. However, all metals analysed were below WHO limits for vegetable and soils except cobalt, copper and chromium. Thus, locals should be advised against consumption of vegetables from dumpsites since toxic substances often accumulates in the environment and maybe hazardous to man’s health.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA-mediated spread of herbicide resistance in interspecific hybrids of pigweed.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are found in many eukaryotic organisms. EccDNA-powered copy number variation plays diverse roles, from oncogenesis in humans to herbicide resistance in crop weeds. Here, we report interspecific eccDNA flow and its dynamic behavior in soma cells of natural populations and F1 hybrids of Amaranthus sp. The glyphosate-resistance (GR) trait is controlled by eccDNA-based amplification harboring the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene (eccDNA replicon), the molecular target of glyphosate. We documented pollen-mediated transfer of eccDNA in experimental hybrids between glyphosate-susceptible Amaranthus tuberculatus and GR Amaranthus palmeri. Experimental hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that the eccDNA replicon in Amaranthus spinosus derived from GR A. palmeri by natural hybridization. FISH analysis also revealed random chromosome anchoring and massive eccDNA replicon copy number variation in soma cells of weedy hybrids. The results suggest that eccDNAs are inheritable across compatible species, contributing to genome plasticity and rapid adaptive evolution.

Herbicidal effects of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of cogon grass (Imperata cylindica l.) and their phytotoxicity on spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus l.) growth

This research has the purpose of examining the activities of herbicidal effect of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of cogon grass (Imperata cylindica L.) on spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.) The rhizomes of I. cylindrica were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, in that order. The extracts were tested on A. spinosus at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. We applied a synthetic herbicide at a concentration of 0.686 kg (2,4-D at 0.686 kg a.i. ha−1) for positive control, and for negative control, we used water without any chemicals (distilled water). The I. cylindrica extracts affects weed control, leaf area, root length, and shoot and root dry weight of A. spinosus. The application of 20 percent of n-hexane extract was the best treatment in terms of controlling A. spinosus (40.83%), but it was not different from other organic solvent treatments at various concentrations, in contrast to aquades (0.00%) and synthetic herbicides (100%). The n-hexane extract of I. cylindrica showed the strongest herbicide effect on A. spinosus after 28 DAA, while ethyl acetate and methanol showed only minimal herbicide effect. Gas Chromatography-mass spethroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed that rhizome extracts of I. cylindrica contained 3 key compounds each as under : n-hexane extracts : [phthalic acid (43.30%), dibuthyl phthalate (29.75%), linoelaidic acid (5,93%)]; ethyl acetate extracts : [propanetriol acetate (31.73%), phthalic acid (5.69%), n-hexadecanoic acid (5.39%)]; methanol extracts : [acetic acid (52.95%), acetamide (21.86%), octaethylene glycol monododecyl (11.34%). The n-hexane extract proved promising to control A. spinosus

Impact of Nutrient Profiles in Soils Amended Using Composts and Nano-Gel Water Accumulator for the Cultivation of Amaranthus Spinosus Grown in Them

The depletion of minerals in agricultural soils through subsistence farming has been a major food security challenge in many parts of the world. To curtail this problem, farmers use inorganic fertilizer to boost soil fertility even though it poses a lot of environmental challenges. In this research, an alternative route to soil nutrient amendment was explored via the use of compost and nano-gel water accumulator for blending different soil samples derived from rock side soil and spent farm soils blended in different ratios of 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1using a suitable potting media for the greenhouse production of A. spinosus L. Physicochemical values, mineral, and heavy metals concentration were evaluated on the soil and compost samples while mineral, proximate, anti-nutrients and vitamins compositions were analyzed on A. spinosus L. grown on the soils. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence limit using SPSS 20.0 software. The properties of the prepared compost (PC) and commercial compost (CC) varied significantly (P

The effect of herbicide glufosinate ammonium 150 g/L dose on several weeds and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield

In the last three years, potato production in Indonesia fluctuated every year. One of the factors that cause low productivity of potatoes is weed. The presence of weeds in potato planting areas can inhibit plant growth and affect potato yields. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of herbicide glufosinate ammonium 150 g/L to control common weeds in potato plants. This research was conducted in a farmer field in Lebak Muncang Village, Ciwidey District, Bandung Regency, West Java Province. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. Weed control using the herbicide glufosinate ammonium 150 g/L at a dose of 2.75– 4.50 L/ha was completely (100%) controlled Eleusine indica, Galinsoga parviflora, Amaranthus spinosus, Richardia brasiliensis , and total weeds for up to 6 weeks after application without causing symptoms of poisoning and could increase the number of potato tuber per plant and yield of potato per plot.

Potentiality of Weed Plants for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soil

Phytoremediation, which utilizes the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and metabolize various molecules in their tissues, appears very promising for the removal of pollutants from the environment. In this study, the soil was altered by continuously adding industrial waste, affecting factors like pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, and metal concentrations. The Contamination factor for metals in the Metoda soil sample was Cu (1.98), Mn (1.58), Cr (1.58), Cd (7.67), and Pb (166.72), while the Pollution load index was 397.51. In comparison, the Shapar soil sample had a Contamination factor of Cu (2.24), Mn (1.58), Cr (1.23), Cd (12.67), and Pb (167.44), with a Pollution load index of 480.49. The contaminated sites showed higher micronutrient and trace element concentrations in weed plants compared to non-contaminated sites. Withania somnifera L. and Calotropis gigantea L. had the highest concentrations of Cd 2.08±0.05 and 2.60±0.05, respectively. Amaranthus spinosus L. accumulated the most Pb (36.34±0.2) and Cr (64.30±0.50), while Withania somnifera L. accumulated the most Mn (28.08±0.43), and Ipomoea aquatica Forssk accumulated the most Cu (43.68±0.37).This article addresses key research, potential benefits and the potential future needs for phytoremediation. Results indicated that uptake patterns of heavy metals by weed plant tissues were more or less related with nature of metals and species specifications. All the studies suggested that each weed plant could be used as a modern tool as a biomonitor.

Attributes and Ecological Potentials of Dumpsite Flora in the Peri-urban Area of Ibadan, Nigeria

Dumpsites are spaces used disposal of urban and peri-urban wastes. Their public health concern has not made them to be adequately explored for positive potentials in Nigeria. This study investigated the the floristic structure and comparative potential of a dumpsite with arable farms for conservation and phytoremediation. The study was conducted at a 10-hectare peri-urban Lapite dumpsite (N 07o34.121ʹ, E 003o54.857ʹ) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; and three arable farmlands (Control) located 200 m-300 m away from Dumpsite. Stratified sampling was conducted using 414 quadrats (each 1m2) in five strata of dumpsite, and a systematic sampling of flora of farms with 263 quaddrats in 21 transects laid 5 m apart. Data were collected on species composition, abundance,density and frequency of occurence. They were subjected to analysis of Relative importance value (RIV), density, and multivariate analysis. Species with phytoremediation potentials were identified. Ninety one species of herbaceous flora in 33 families and 99 species in 38 families were enumerated on the dumpsite and farmlands respectively. Solanum nigrum L., Tridax procumbens Linn., Amaranthus spinosus Linn., Laportea aestuans (Linn.) Chew., Acalypha fimbriata Schum. & Thonn., and Lufa cylindrica Mill were the most dominant species on the dumpsite with RIVs of 8.40, 8.17, 7.54, 7.21, 6.38 and 5.79 respectively. Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss., Tridax procumbens L., Euphorbia heterophylla Linn., Spermacoce ocymoides Burm f., and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray were most dominant on farmlands with RIVs of 13.74, 7.05, 6.60, 6.07, and 5.57 respectively. Dumpsite flora had higher diversity (H`=3.501) than control plots (H`=3.294). The dominance value (0.0486) was low compared to the control farms (0.07131). The lora of the two sites were grouped by habitatt preference.Higher species diversity and pervasive presence of invasive Tridax procumbens Linn., Laportea aestuans (Linn.) Chew., and Lufa cylindrica Mill. on dumpsite indicated potentials for phytoremediation, and candidacy as functional groups and bio-indicators of ecosystem health.

Occurrence and Quantification of Mycorrhizal fungi on Spiny Pig Weed (Amaranthus spinosus L.)

Occurrence and Quantification of Mycorrhizal fungi on Spiny Pig Weed (Amaranthus spinosus L.)

Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Pt-SnO2 nanoparticles supported on natural bentonite-functionalized reduced graphene oxide-extracted chitosan from shrimp wastes for methanol electro-oxidation

In this work, tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized based on Amaranthus spinosus plant. The produced graphene oxide by a modified Hummers’ method was functionalized with melamine (mRGO) and used accompanied by natural bentonite (Bnt) and extracted chitosan from shrimp wastes to prepare Bnt-mRGO-CH. This was utilized as novel support for anchoring Pt and SnO2 nanoparticles to prepare the novel Pt-SnO2/Bnt-mRGO-CH catalyst. The crystalline structure, morphology and uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the prepared catalyst were determined by TEM images and XRD technique. The electrocatalytic performance of the Pt-SnO2/Bnt-mRGO-CH catalyst was evaluated for methanol electro-oxidation through electrochemical investigations including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometry techniques. Pt-SnO2/Bnt-mRGO-CH showed enhanced catalytic activity compared to Pt/Bnt-mRGO-CH and Pt/Bnt-CH catalysts considering its higher electrochemically active surface area, higher mass activity, and better stability for methanol oxidation. SnO2/Bnt-mRGO and Bnt-mRGO nanocomposites were also synthesized and did not show any significant activity for methanol oxidation. The results showed that Pt-SnO2/Bnt-mRGO-CH could be a promising catalyst as anode material in direct methanol fuel cells.

Nutritional aspects of non-conventional edible plants from Brazil: Caruru (Amaranthus spinosus L) and trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis)

Caruru (Amaranthus spinosus L) and trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis) are NCEPs introduced into Brazil and are widely used by certain communities. Given the lack of information on carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals present in A. spinosus and C. benghalensis grown in Brazil, this study aimed to determine the proximate composition and the micronutrient profile of these two NCEPs obtained from family farming in the Middle Doce River (Médio Rio Doce) region in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The proximate composition was evaluated using AOAC methods, vitamin E by HPLC with fluorescence detection, vitamin C and carotenoids by HPLC-DAD, and minerals by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. In summary, the leaves of A. spinosus exhibited a high content of dietary fiber (10.20 g.100 g−1), potassium (708.8 mg·100 g−1), iron (4.0 mg·100 g−1) and β-carotene (6.94 mg·100 g−1), while the leaves of C. benghalensis were sources of potassium (1399.31 mg·100 g−1), iron (5.7 mg·100 g−1), calcium (163 mg·100 g−1), zinc (1.3 mg·100 g−1), ascorbic acid (23.61 mg·100 g−1), and β-carotene (31.33 mg·100 g−1). It was therefore concluded that C. benghalensis and A. spinosus, especially, presented excellent potential as important nutritional sources for human consumption, highlighting the gap existing between the available technical and scientific material, thus making them an important and necessary axis of research.

Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants Selected from Temperate, Tropical and Hill Regions

The current study examines the phytochemical analysis of 15 therapeutic plants that were gathered from various places, including temperate, tropical, and hill/tribal areas. The plants gathered include Tridax procumbans, Achyranthus aspera, Amaranthus spinosus, Clitoria ternatea, Ruellia tuberosa, Euphorbia herta, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Aerva lanata, Zeucas aspera, and Ocimum basilicum. These plants have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetic effects. First, numerous secondary metabolites were subjected to qualitative testing. Alkaloids, Saponins,Tannins, Steroids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Phlobitannins, Coumarins, Cycloglycosides, Phenols, and Quinones were all detected in plant extracts of these plants. Finally, the plants with comparable features were compared with the equivalent qualitative results for the quantitative study.

Amaranthus spinosus (Spiny Pigweed) methanol leaf extract alleviates oxidative and inflammation induced by doxorubicin in male sprague dawley rats

Amaranthus spinosus (Spiny Pigweed) methanol leaf extract alleviates oxidative and inflammation induced by doxorubicin in male sprague dawley rats

Effect of Leaf Crude Extracts of azadirachata indica a. Juss. On The Germination and Growth of amaranthus hybridus l. and amaranthus spinosus l.

The effect of leaf crude extract of Azadirachta indica on the germination and growth of Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus hybridus was studied. The aim was to use crude water extract from the leaves of Azadirachta indica to germinate, nurture and compare the growth of A. hybridus and A. spinosus. The plants' seeds selected were planted in polyethylene bags filled with loamy soil, and different extract concentrations of 0ml, 5ml 10ml, and 15ml dilutions were used to water the plants. The plants were well watered with extracts of three different concentrations and allowed to grow under natural environmental conditions. Parameters measured include germination percentage, the height of plants, the number of leaves, and the leaf area of the plant. It was observed that there was delayed germination of Amaranthus hybrids and Amaranthus spinosus seeds as the concentration of A. indica increased. The study showed that the extract of A. indica had a negative effect on the growth of A. spinosus and A. hybridus. The effect was significantly higher at higher concentrations of the extracts. Azadirachta indica extract significantly reduced the leaf area, number of leaves, and stem height in A. spinosus and A. hybridus compared to the control. The study further showed that the sensitivity of A. spinosus and A. hybridus to the plant extract differed. From the study, A. indica had a more negative effect on A. spinosus, revealing more inhibitory activity on the growth of A. spinosusthan on A. hybridus.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of Amaranthus extracts compared with AS20 on MCF-7 cancer cells

Advancement in oncology research is striving to find new and effective therapies for treating cancer, limiting the drawbacks of conventional treatments like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. Many plant-derived active ingredients such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and polyphenols are used in cancer treatments which are FDA approved. Amaranthus is a traditional Indian medicinal plant used to treat a variety of diseases. It was previously found to contain phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids among other bioactive phytochemicals. In the present study, we hypothesized that AS20, a polyherbal formulation derived from Amaranthus leaves and inflorescence has higher anticancer properties than individual extracts such as leaf methanol and inflorescence acetone extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We also hypothesized that AS20 would induce higher levels of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We discovered that AS20 had a considerably lesser maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) compared to individual plant extracts of Amaranthus spinosus using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. AS20 had a lower IC50 than leaf methanol and inflorescence acetone extract respectively. Paclitaxel (a chemotherapeutic drug which can be used in cancer treatment) was used as a positive control and showed similar IC50 value like AS20. These findings indicated that AS20 did not show a significantly lower IC50 value compared to the chemotherapeutic drug Paclitaxel. Fluorescence staining methods such as Hoechst, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange with propidium iodide (dual staining) showed that AS20 caused 51% cell death in MCF-7 cells compared to 4% cell death in untreated MCF-7 cells after 48 hours of exposure, indicating successful drug activity in inducing apoptosis.

The anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of polyherbal drug AS20 on HeLa cells resistant to 5-Fluorouracil

Cancer treatment that involves chemotherapy often results in developed drug resistance which can be a major deterrent for the success of a treatment protocol. Increased inflammation, due to the drug's presence, contributes to disease progression and increased Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression (inflammatory marker). Integrative oncology is a field that focuses on combining natural herbal formulations with standard care to provide optimal clinical outcomes in a holistic manner, to minimize side effects, and to overcome drug resistance, including inflammation. 5-Flurouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic medication used to treat cancers. We studied drug resistance by deriving 5-FU-resistant HeLa cells (HeLa R) and evaluating the efficacy of AS20 in in vitro experiments. AS20 is an herbal formulation derived from the plant Amaranthus spinosus, an indigenous plant found in India. It contains different types of secondary metabolites such as saponins, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids. We hypothesized that AS20 has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties on HeLa R. We investigated if AS20 could downregulate increased inflammatory markers such as COX2 in HeLa R. Also, we studied anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic genes in AS20 treated HeLa R cells. Our results demonstrated that the inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) values of HeLa wild type cells with AS20 treatment was significantly less than HeLa R cells. Also, AS20 brought down induced COX2 expression in HeLa R cells. AS20 treatment on HeLa R cells showed upregulation of BAX (pro-apoptotic) but no significant change in BAD (pro-apoptotic) and downregulation of BCL2 and BCL2L1 (anti-apoptotic genes) in HeLa R cells. Our results showed that AS20 has anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties when treated on HeLa R cells.

Apoptosis induction and anti-inflammatory activity of polyherbal drug AS20 on cervical cancer cell lines

Cancer occurs when normal cells convert into tumor cells as a result of the interaction between a patient’s genes and physical, chemical, or biological carcinogens. There are more than 100 types of cancer and each type requires a specific treatment regimen. The traditional treatment regimen for most types of cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, treatment methods such as chemotherapy not only kill the cancer cells but also kill healthy cells that divide quickly. Chemotherapy induces widespread senescence, which contributes to local and systemic inflammation. To overcome these problems herbal drug treatments can be used as complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). We obtained the polyherbal drug AS20 using Amaranthus spinosus leaves and inflorescences, which contain phytochemicals such as saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids that are known to have anticancer and anti-oxidant activities. We hypothesized that AS20 would show anti-inflammation and induce DNA fragmentation, which is a hallmark of apoptosis in HeLa cells. Furthermore, this study explored the effects of AS20 on the expression of COX2, a marker of inflammation. We found that treatment with AS20 suppressed phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 5-flurouracil (5-FU) induction of COX2 expression. We also observed AS20 treated cells showed DNA fragmentation in HeLa cells. This research looks into AS20's possible anti-inflammatory effect on cervical cancer cell lines and its capacity to trigger apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism that can restrict cancer cell proliferation. These elements are examined in order to offer light on the therapeutic potential of AS20 and aiding the development of safer and more efficient cervical cancer treatment plans.

Assessment of wound healing activity and safety profile of Amaranthus spinosus extract using incision wound healing model

The objective of the study was to determine efficacy of Amaranthus spinosus extract against inflammation and wound along with assessment of safety profile of drug upon topical application. The collected whole plant was extracted with ethanol (65 %). In vitro efficacy of extract was performed on HaCaT and MEF cells. Clonogenic and scratch assays were carried out to determine the wound healing activity of the extract. Acute oral and dermal toxicity studies were conducted in accordance with OECD recommendations in order to assess the drug's profile for safety. Biological efficacy of A. spinosus was determined using incision wound healing model and measuring the tensile strength of a healing skin. Results showed that A. spinosus extract significant reduced inflammation and wound area. The percentage viability of cells were 96.20 and 96.23 %, respectively for HaCaT and MEF cells after 48 h of treatment; however, surviving factor were 0.71 ad 0.79, respectively. The tensile strength was 574.5 g after treatment with drug as compared to the control group. It can be concluded based on findings that A. spinosus may be used as an alternative medicine in the healing of wound.