Amaranthus Tricolor Research Articles

Effect of Previous Crops and Fertilizers Management of Stem Amaranth in Vegetables – Vegetables - Rice Cropping System

Aims: To determine the effect of previous crops and fertilizers management on yield and yield parameters of stem amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) in vegetables-vegetables-rice cropping system.
 Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six treatment combinations having four replications was used for the experiment.
 Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted in kharif-1 seasons (April to June) 2018 and 2019 at the research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
 Methodology: The layout was kept undisturbed for the cropping sequence over two years. Factor-A had three previous crops under the cropping system as P1= Potato (Potato - Stem Amaranth - T. Aman rice), P2= Garlic (Garlic -Stem Amaranth -T. Aman rice), P3= Cauliflower (Cauliflower -Stem Amaranth - T. Aman rice) and Factor-B had two level of fertilizers management as F1= Organic fertilizer (N based organic compost), F2= Inorganic fertilizer (Estimated inorganic fertilizer dose based on the soil test value without cow dung). The data were recorded on plant height, leaves per plant, stem diameter, stem yield (t ha-1) and stem dry matter content (%) during harvesting time.
 Results: Significantly maximum plant height was observed (93.5cm) in inorganic fertilizer treated plot under previous crop cauliflower which was followed by (93.0cm and 75.0cm) under garlic and potato, respectively. Whereas, minimum plant height (61.8cm) receiving organic source of fertilizers when the previous crop was potato in 2019. The interaction of previous crops and fertilizer application showed significant variation on leaves per plant of stem amaranth both in 2018 and 2019. Stem diameter showed the same trend as that of stem dry matter and resulted insignificant influence due to previous crops and fertilizers management over the two years. In 2018, significantly higher stem yield was observed (38 t ha-1) in inorganic fertilizer treated plot under previous crop cauliflower which was followed by (36.1 t ha-1and 35.5 t ha-1) under garlic and potato, respectively. Whereas, lower stem yield (20.0 t ha-1) receiving inorganic source of fertilizers when the previous crop was cauliflower. Higher stem yield was observed (51.4 t ha-1) in (F2P2) treated plot which was followed by (44 t ha-1) under F2P3 and F2P1, respectively. Whereas, lower stem yield (22.0 t ha-1) receiving F1 source of fertilizers when the previous crop was P3 in 2019.
 Conclusion: The experimental results of this study have shown that previous crops had a positive impact on the yield parameters of stem amaranth like plant height in 2018 and leaf numbers of plant both in 2018 and 2019. Interaction effect of previous crops and fertilizers management exerted significant variations only on leaves per plant of amaranth both in 2018 and 2019. Moreover, fertilizers management showed significant variation for plant height in 2019 and for stem yield both in 2018 and 2019.Therefore, it was concluded that stem amaranth after previous crop garlic with soil test based inorganic fertilizer could be high yielding and N based organic compost could be moderate yielding under Garlic- Amaranth – T. Aman cropping system.

A N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-binding lectin from Amaranthus gangeticus seeds inhibits biofilm formation and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth in vivo in mice

AGL, a 15-kDa lectin from Amaranthus gangeticus seeds was isolated using ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. AGL contained 8.55% of neutral sugar and became specifically inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Hemagglutination activity of the lectin was maximum over the pH range of 4.0–6.0 and temperatures of 30–60 °C though it lost the activity when treated with urea and EDTA. With an LC50 value of 250 μg/ml, AGL showed mild toxicity against Artemia nauplii. It inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria like Shigella boydii, Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus when treated for 8 and 16 h, respectively, but lost the antibacterial activity during a 24 h treatment. AGL could not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and mitogenic growth (7.0–9.0%) was observed instead. AGL inhibited 37.14%, 65.71% and 82.85% of biofilm formation of Escherichia coli at the concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml, respectively. Marked inhibition of the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was determined when treated with various doses of AGL. AGL inhibited 65.89% and 81.25% of the in vivo growth of EAC cells in mice at the doses of 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg/day, respectively. Significant alteration of the expression of apoptosis related genes Fas, NF-kB and MAPK were observed.

Proteomic response of Escherichia coli to a membrane lytic and iron chelating truncated Amaranthus tricolor defensin

BackgroundPlant defensins are a broadly distributed family of antimicrobial peptides which have been primarily studied for agriculturally relevant antifungal activity. Recent studies have probed defensins against Gram-negative bacteria revealing evidence for multiple mechanisms of action including membrane lysis and ribosomal inhibition. Herein, a truncated synthetic analog containing the γ-core motif of Amaranthus tricolor DEF2 (Atr-DEF2) reveals Gram-negative antibacterial activity and its mechanism of action is probed via proteomics, outer membrane permeability studies, and iron reduction/chelation assays.ResultsAtr-DEF2(G39-C54) demonstrated activity against two Gram-negative human bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Quantitative proteomics revealed changes in the E. coli proteome in response to treatment of sub-lethal concentrations of the truncated defensin, including bacterial outer membrane (OM) and iron acquisition/processing related proteins. Modification of OM charge is a common response of Gram-negative bacteria to membrane lytic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to reduce electrostatic interactions, and this mechanism of action was confirmed for Atr-DEF2(G39-C54) via an N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine uptake assay. Additionally, in vitro assays confirmed the capacity of Atr-DEF2(G39-C54) to reduce Fe3+ and chelate Fe2+ at cell culture relevant concentrations, thus limiting the availability of essential enzymatic cofactors.ConclusionsThis study highlights the utility of plant defensin γ-core motif synthetic analogs for characterization of novel defensin activity. Proteomic changes in E. coli after treatment with Atr-DEF2(G39-C54) supported the hypothesis that membrane lysis is an important component of γ-core motif mediated antibacterial activity but also emphasized that other properties, such as metal sequestration, may contribute to a multifaceted mechanism of action.

Influence of the Home Cooking Practices on the Bioactive Components of Two Important Edible Herbs- Amaranthus viridis and Amaranthus tricolor

Background: Antioxidants are substances that delays or inhibits the oxidation of a substrate by countering highly unstable entities (ROS and free radicals) that can cause cellular damage. Some natural source of antioxidants is green leafy vegetables like Amaranthus. Results of vegetable composition are usually determined on raw material, however for nutritional purposes most of them are cooked in different ways before consumption. In India, vegetables we consume are cooked by boiling in water, fried in oil or microwaved. Objectives: This paper mainly focuses on the comparative study of raw, boiled and fried forms of Amaranthus viridis and Amaranthus tricolor to ensure which form of vegetable intake provides proper amount of antioxidants to our body in order to boost the antioxidant profile. Methods: Total phenol content, flavonoid content, free radical scavenging activity, estimation of total inhibitor capability and estimation of Quercetin, Kaempferol and Rutin by HPTLC analysis were carried on raw, boiled and fried forms of Amaranthus viridis and Amaranthus tricolor. Results: The cooking processes lead significant changes in physical characteristics and chemical composition influencing the concentration and bioavailability of bioactive compounds of vegetables. The fried material is heated only on the surface so that the phenolic antioxidant losses are insignificant. Conclusion: The raw forms of green and fried form of red are more suitable for uptake. Also, green species contains more antioxidants than the red one.

Enantioselective and Synergistic Herbicidal Activities of Common Amino Acids Against Amaranthus tricolor and Echinochloa crus-galli.

Amino acids have a wide range of biological activities, which usually rely on the stereoisomer presented. In this study, glycine and 21 common α-amino acids were investigated for their herbicidal property against Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.). Both d- and l-isomers, as well as a racemic mixture, were tested and found that most compounds barely inhibited germination but moderately suppressed seedling growth. Various ratios of d:l-mixture were studied and synergy between enantiomers was found. For Chinese amaranth, the most toxic d:l-mixtures were at 3:7 (for glutamine), 8:2 (for methionine), and 5:5 (for tryptophan). For barnyard grass, rac-glutamine was more toxic than the pure forms; however, d-tryptophan exhibited greater activity than racemate and l-isomer, indicating the sign of enantioselective toxicity. The mode of action was unclear, but d-tryptophan caused bleaching of leaves, indicating pigment synthesis of the grass was inhibited. The results highlighted the enantioselective and synergistic toxicity of some amino acids, which relied upon plant species, chemical structures, and concentrations. Overall, our finding clarifies the effect of stereoisomers, and provides a chemical clue of amino acid herbicides, which may be useful in the development of herbicides from natural substances.

Bioherbicidal Properties of Parthenium hysterophorus, Cleome rutidosperma and Borreria alata Extracts on Selected Crop and Weed Species

Natural product-based herbicides could be the effective alternatives to synthetic chemical herbicides for eco-friendly weed management. This research, therefore, was conducted to identify the phytotoxic properties of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. with a view to introducing them as a tool for natural herbicide development. The methanol extracts of these plants were examined on the germination and growth of Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench and Amaranthus gangeticus L., Oryza sativa f. Spontanea Roshev. (Weedy rice), Echinochloa colona (L.) Link., Euphorbia hirta L., and Ageratum conyzoides L. under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. A complete randomized design (CRD) with five replications and randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications were laid out for laboratory and glasshouse experiments, respectively. In the laboratory experiment, three plant extracts of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 50, and 100 g L−1 were tested on survival rate, hypocotyl, and radicle length of eight test plant species. No seed germination of A. conzyoides, E. hirta, and A. gangeticus were recorded when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L−1. C. rutidosperma had the same effect on those plants at 100 g L−1. In the glasshouse, similar extracts and concentrations used in the laboratory experiments were sprayed on at the 2–3 leaf stage for grasses and 4–6 for the broadleaf species. Tested plants were less sensitive to C. rutidosperma and B. alata compared to P. hysterophorus extract. Among the weeds and crops, A. conyzoides, E. hirta, A. esculentus and A. gangeticus were mostly inhibited by P. hysterophorus extract at 100 g L−1. Based on these results, P. hysterophorus was the most phytotoxic among the tested plant extracts and could be used for developing a new natural herbicide for green agriculture.

Elucidation of the core betalain biosynthesis pathway in Amaranthus tricolor

Amaranthus tricolor L., a vegetable Amaranthus species, is an economically important crop containing large amounts of betalains. Betalains are natural antioxidants and can be classified into betacyanins and betaxanthins, with red and yellow colors, respectively. A. tricolor cultivars with varying betalain contents, leading to striking red to green coloration, have been commercially produced. However, the molecular differences underlying betalain biosynthesis in various cultivars of A. tricolor remain largely unknown. In this study, A. tricolor cultivars with different colors were chosen for comparative transcriptome analysis. The elevated expression of AmCYP76AD1 in a red-leaf cultivar of A. tricolor was proposed to play a key role in producing red betalain pigments. The functions of AmCYP76AD1, AmDODAα1, AmDODAα2, and AmcDOPA5GT were also characterized through the heterologous engineering of betalain pigments in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, high and low L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase activities of AmDODAα1 and AmDODAα2, respectively, were confirmed through in vitro enzymatic assays. Thus, comparative transcriptome analysis combined with functional and enzymatic studies allowed the construction of a core betalain biosynthesis pathway of A. tricolor. These results not only provide novel insights into betalain biosynthesis and evolution in A. tricolor but also provide a basal framework for examining genes related to betalain biosynthesis among different species of Amaranthaceae.

Selection and validation of reference genes in all-red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) seedlings under different culture conditions

ABSTRACT Amaranth is rich in betalain. Both betalain metabolites and plant growth are affected by external factors. However, studies of amaranth seedling growth and betalain metabolism are limited by a lack of appropriate reference genes for qRT-PCR analyses. We selected 13 candidate reference genes from the amaranth transcriptome database and tested their expression stability under various environmental conditions and plant growth regulators. Five methods were used for the analysis: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ΔCt, and RefFinder. The most stable reference genes were SAND and RAN1 for light quality, SAND and EIF5a for photoperiod, Actin-7 and TuA for temperature, SAND and Actin-7 for different tissue, SAND and EIF5a for NaCl, SAND and 60S RPL for GA3, 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA for 6-BA, 18S rRNA and 60S RPL for 2,4-D, EIF5a and 28S rRNA for ABA, Actin-11 and SKIP35 for SA, 28S rRNA and Actin-7 for MeJA, SAND and EIF5a for all samples. To further verify the reliability of the reference genes identified in this study, the expression levels of CYP76AD1 were studied in amaranth. This is the first systematic analysis aimed at the selection of reference genes for qRT-PCR in A. tricolor under different culture conditions.

Effect of Inoculation of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Mix I Formulations on Plant Growth, Yield, Disease Incidence and Disease Severity of Rhizoctonia Leaf Blight of Amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L.)

Background: Amaranthus is the most popular and commercially cultivated leafy vegetable in the Southern part of India, especially Tamil Nadu and Kerala which is susceptible to a number of diseases. Among the different diseases affecting amaranth, foliar blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, is considered as the most serious disease in Kerala. Methods: A field experiment was taken up at Onattukara Regional Agricultural Research Station (O.R.A.R.S), Kayamkulam, Alappuzha, Kerala during December 2019 to February 2020 to assess the influence of dust and liquid formulations of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) mix I on growth, yield and disease incidence (Rhizoctonia leaf blight) in amaranthus. Result: The results of the study reveal that maximum number of leaves, number of branches per plant and yield were produced by the plants that were subjected to seedling root dip with 5% talc formulation followed by drenching with 5% talc solution at 30 DAT and 45 DAT. Regardless of talc or liquid formulation of PGPR mix I (2%) seedling dip followed by drenching at 15, 30 and 45 DAT provided the least disease incidence and disease severity in amaranthus at Onattukara condition. Hence use of PGPR mix I is a prerequisite for effective growth, yield and management of leaf blight of amaranthus at Onattukara.

Nitrogen fertilizer management affects remobilization of the immobilized cadmium in soil and its accumulation in crop tissues.

Immobilization of soil cadmium (Cd) has been the strategy mostly used in remediation of Cd-contaminated arable soil. However, Cd might be remobilized after the immobilization process through the acid-soluble and complexation effects. Development of agronomic management technologies to prevent soil Cd remobilization after the immobilization process was an important pathway to control the food safety of agricultural products in soils with the immobilized Cd. In this study, the ammonia (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3--N) forms with concentrations of 60, 90, and 150 mg-N kg-1 soil were performed for evaluating their effects on Cd remobilization with planted or unplanted treatments and Cd accumulation in tissues of edible amaranth (Liuye). With an initial soil palygorskite-bound fraction Cd concentration of 0.6 mg kg-1, bioavailable Cd in rhizosphere soils and Cd in crop shoots respectively increased from 11.4 to 20.6 μg kg-1 (dry soil weight) and 6.92 to 14.92 mg kg-1 (dry plant weight) in planted NH4+-N treatments, while significantly lower concentrations of bioavailable Cd in rhizosphere soils and Cd in crop tissues were observed with planted NO3--N treatments. Compared with that of planted NO3--N treatments, decreasing pH value (i.e., 7.64 to 7.18) induced by root proton efflux during the absorption of NH4+-N, enhancive organic/amino acid (oxalic acid, lactic acid, L-proline, and so on) secretion from roots, and increasing abundance of bacteria distributed in phyla Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes with Cd mobilization ability in rhizosphere soils were the main reasons found in this study for the higher Cd remobilization in soils and Cd accumulation in crop under NH4+-N treatments. Moreover, the direct effect of NH4+-N on remobilization of immobilized Cd by upregulating the expression abundances of genes associated with pyruvate metabolism and amino acids metabolism was more significant than that of NO3--N. In summary, the use of NO3--N as preferred N fertilizer was more efficient to ensure the food safety of agricultural products than that of NH4+-N in Cd-contaminated arable soil after immobilization process.

Pengelolaan usaha tani bayam (Amaranthus tricolor L.) di Kota Pekanbaru

Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a plant whose leaves are usually consumed as vegetables. The purpose of this study is to analyze spinach (A. tricolor L.) farming in an ecological, economic and social perspective and formulate sustainable spinach (A. tricolor L.) farming strategies in Pekanbaru City. The research was conducted in the city of Pekanbaru in May-July 2020. This research was conducted using the survey method to the field to obtain relevant information about the implementation of spinach farming in Pekanbaru City. The results of this study are the area of land for planting spinach in Tampan District covering 3 hectares and in Marpoyan Damai District 3.5 hectares. The type of soil used in Marpoyan Damai and Tampan Districts is humus soil. Soil pH in Marpoyan Damai and Tampan Districts ranges between 5.5-6. The average rainfall in Pekanbaru City is 170.7 with an average length of rainy days 14 days per month and humidity in Pekanbaru City is 70-85%. Overall, in terms of ecology, it is suitable for good habitat for growing spinach. Costs incurred in Marpoyan Damai District are Rp 11,670,000 per hectare while in Tampan District Rp 8,260,000 per hectare. The revenue of spinach farming group in Marpoyan Damai District is Rp. 22,800,000 and in Tampan District is Rp. 17,100,000. The income of spinach farmers in Marpoyan Damai District is Rp11,130,000 and in Tampan District Rp8,840,000. B / C ratio in Marpoyan Damai District is 1.95 and in Tampan District is 2.07. In Marpoyan Damai Subdistrict, spinach farming is carried out by the Farmer Group, namely by Mr. Mudhofir who is 39 years old with high school education. Conflicts between farmers that have occurred are land problems and have been resolved as a family. In Tampan District, spinach farming is carried out by the Baskara Jati Farmer Group, namely by 51-year-old Mr. Topan with junior high school education. Conflicts between farmers that have occurred are differences in understanding and have been resolved as a family. The management of spinach farming in Pekanbaru City has been going well, and there is already an efficiency in planting and it is said to be profitable. Based on this analysis, spinach farming in Pekanbaru City is profitable and feasible to be developed.

Multiple Classes of Antimicrobial Peptides in Amaranthus tricolor Revealed by Prediction, Proteomics, and Mass Spectrometric Characterization.

Traditional medicinal plants are rich reservoirs of antimicrobial agents, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Advances in genomic sequencing, in silico AMP predictions, and mass spectrometry-based peptidomics facilitate increasingly high-throughput bioactive peptide discovery. Herein, Amaranthus tricolor aerial tissue was profiled via MS-based proteomics/peptidomics, identifying AMPs predicted in silico. Bottom-up proteomics identified seven novel peptides spanning three AMP classes including lipid transfer proteins, snakins, and a defensin. Characterization via top-down peptidomic analysis of Atr-SN1, Atr-DEF1, and Atr-LTP1 revealed unexpected proteolytic processing and enumerated disulfide bonds. Bioactivity screening of isolated Atr-LTP1 showed activity against the high-risk ESKAPE bacterial pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter cloacae). These results highlight the potential for integrating AMP prediction algorithms with complementary -omics approaches to accelerate characterization of biologically relevant AMP peptidoforms.

Red mud based passivator reduced Cd accumulation in edible amaranth by influencing root organic matter metabolism and soil aggregate distribution.

Red mud was a highly alkaline hazardous waste, and their resource utilization was a research hotspot. In this study, influencing mechanisms of red mud based passivator on the transformation of Cd fraction in acidic Cd-polluted soil, photosynthetic property, and Cd accumulation in edible amaranth were investigated based on the evaluation of Cd adsorption capacity, root metabolic response, and soil aggregate distribution. Results showed that red mud exhibited good Cd adsorption capacities at about 35°C and pH 9 in an aqueous solution, and the adsorption behavior of red mud on Cd in rhizosphere soil solution was considered to have some similarity. In the soil-pot trial, red mud application significantly facilitated edible amaranth growth by enhancing the maximum photochemical efficiency and light energy absorption by per unit leaf area by activating more reaction centers. The main mechanisms of rhizosphere soil Cd immobilisation by red mud application included: i) the reduction of mobilized Cd caused by the increasing negative surface charge of soil and precipitation of Cd hydroxides and carbonates at high pH; ii) the increase of organics-Cd complexes caused by the increasing -OH and -COOH amounts adsorbed on the surface of rhizosphere soil after red mud application; and iii) the decrease of available Cd content in soil aggregates caused by the increasing organic matters after red mud application. This study would provide the basis for the safe utilization of red mud remediating acidic Cd-polluted soil.

Effect of Biofertilizer and Salinity on Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Amaranthus tricolor L

Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is the most popular crop and vegetable in Indonesia. Their growth can decrease due to abiotic stress on agricultural land. Salinity is one of abiotic stress affects the production of cultivated crops and major problem for agricultural land. Application of biofertilizer can increase availability of nutrients and help plant growth in stress conditions. This research was to analyze the growth and chlorophyll content of A. tricolor L. after application of biofertilizer under salinity stress conditions and to determine the optimum dose of biofertilizer needed for optimum growth of A. tricolor L. under salinity stress condition. The biofertilizer dose used was 10 l/ha, 20 l/ha, and 30 l/ha, each combined with NaCl; 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10000 ppm. The parameters measured were plants’ height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content. The results showed that salinity treatment reduced plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content. Application of 20 l/ha of biofertilizer increased plant height and number of leaves while application of 10 l/ha of biofertilizer increased chlorophyll content. Generally, it was conducted that biofertilizer can be used to increasing plant growth and chlorophyll content of A. tricolor L. under salinity stress condition.

Biomass growth of red spinach in plant-factory system under three kinds of LED light sources

The research is trying to observe the effect of different light sources on red spinach (Amaranthus Tricolor L) plant. Plant-factories were installed and divided into three compartments. Each compartment was given three light sources: Red-Blue LED (R-B), Multi-Color LED (M-C), and White LED (W). The energy of each light sources R-B, M-C, and W were 192 Watt, 92 Watt, and 8 Watt, respectively. The research took place on March 2018 in the Agriculture Technology Laboratory, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia. The growth parameters measured were plant height, biomass, and number of leaves. Results showed that there was significant difference of growth parameters of treatment R-B compared to treatment M-C, and W. Shierary Model were used to study the mechanism of growth parameter difference. The model used the input of radiation energy of light sources that were affected by leaves development, that called the intercepted radiation. The result of the model showed that the intercepted radiation influenced the growth parameters. Treatment R-B, which generates commonly used light wave for photosynthetic, caused better plant growth. The influence of the heat emerged from the light sources were seemed to create better micro-climate for photosynthesis.

The Effect Consumption of Red Spinach Juice on Hemoglobin on Pregnant Woman

Iron needs doubled from pre-pregnancy needs. This happens because during pregnancy, blood volume increases 50%, so it needs more iron to form hemoglobin One source of iron from vegetable material is red spinach (amaranthus tricolor L). One source of iron from vegetable material is red spinach (amaranthus tricolor L) to prevent anemia. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of red spinach juice on changes in hemoglobin levels in pregnant mothers of the third trimester. at Panglayungan Health Center Tasikmalaya. The research method used is pre-experimental design. The population in this study were all trimester pregnant women III at Panglayungan Health Center Tasikmalaya as many as 153 people, with purposive sampling technique, with the number of samples counted 24 people. The results showed that Hemoglobin concentration in pregnant mother of trimester III before giving treatment by giving red spinach juice, have mean of Hb level equal to 9,7 g% including light category and after given red spinach juice Hb content has a mean Hb level of 10.2 g%. The conclusion of this research is the influence of the consumption of red spinach juice to the change of Hemoglobin content in pregnant mother of trimester III at Panglayungan City Health Center Tasikmalaya, proved with level of significance (ρvalue) 0.000 less than α (0,05).
 Keywords: Red Spinach Juice, Hb Level

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance studies in Amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L.)

The experiment was conducted during 2016-17 at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow to study the “genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in Amaranthus(Amaranthus tricolor L.)”.The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among all the genotypes for the attributes. Higher genotype coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for seed weight per plot, spikes per plant, leaves per plant and branches per plant. Thephenotype coefficient of variation(PCV) was also found higher in leaves per plant followed by branch, spike per plant and seed weight per plant. Maximum heritability (broad sense) was obtained for seed weight per plot followed by test weight, green leaves yield per plant and days to full maturity. The genetic advance was found maximum for length of leaves followed by test weight, days to full maturity and percent dry matter.

Valorization of unsalable Amaranthus tricolour leaves by microwave-assisted extraction of betacyanin and betaxanthin

Valorization of unsalable Amaranthus tricolour leaves by microwave-assisted extraction of betacyanin and betaxanthin

Growth, Oxalate and Vitamin C Content of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Treated with Salicylic Acid

Red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) contains phytochemicals that are important for human health, however it also contains oxalate that may cause uric acid problem in human health. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on growth, oxalate, chlorophyll, and vitamin C contents in red amaranth. Red amaranth seeds were germinated in a plastic pot containing a mixture of top soil and organic fertilizer. Three week-old seedlings were applied with SA of 0 M (control), 10-8, 10-6, 10-4 or 10-2 M. Five replicates were prepared for each treatment. Growth parameters observed were plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight of plant. The Ca-oxalate crystals density was determined by observing stem section under the microscope. Chlorophyll and oxalic acid content were determined by spectrophotometer method, whereas vitamin C content was determined by titration method. The results showed that plant height and root length were tend to decline by SA application, however SA of 10-6 M significantly increased chlorophyll, carotenoid and vitamin C content. All concentrations of SA applied were able to reduce oxalic acid content and Ca-oxalate crystal’s density in stem. It can be inferred that application of SA generally enhances nutrient quality of red amaranth.

Preparation, Characterization and Screening of Silver Nanoparticles Using Phenolic Rich Fractions of Amaranthus Gangeticus L. for its in-vitro Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Cancer Activities.

Background Nowadays green nanotechnology-based approaches using plants have been acknowledged as harmless to the ecosystem and savvy approach with different biomedical applications.Aim In the current study we prepared silver nanoparticles AgNPs in combination with phenolic rich fractions of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus gangeticus L. Leaves using a suitable eco-friendly green-synthesis way to assess its in-vitro anti-oxidative anti-diabetic and anti-cancer potential against HeLa cells.Methods Plant mediated AgNPs were synthesized using phenolic rich fractions of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus gangeticus L. and characterization was done by UVndashvisible spectroscopy X-ray diffraction XRD Fourier Transform infrared FT-IR spectroscopy Scanning Electronic Microscopy SEM and TEM analysis. With the developing use of AgNPs in biomedical viewpoints the synthesized AgNPs were assessed for its pharmacological studies.Results The synthesized AgNPs have been confirmed by change of color which was identified by UVndashvisible spectroscopy at 450 nm due to surface plasmon resonance. The crystalline property of AgNPs was identified by its XRD pattern. Using FTIR it was confirmed that the phenolic functional group present in plant extract was responsible for the reduction of silver ion and the stabilization of AgNPs. The morphology of AgNPs were studied by SEM and TEM analysis. The particles were monodispersed white and spherical ranging from 10200 nm. With the developing use of AgNPs in biomedical viewpoint the synthesized AgNPs were assessed for their in-vitro anti-oxidative anti-diabetic and anti-cancer potential against HeLa cells. The results showed that the synthesized AgNPs exhibited good anti-diabetic anti-cancer activity. It was also observed to exhibit potent anti-oxidant activity. Conclusions From the present study the synthesized AgNPs using Amaranthus gangeticus L.nbsp were found to be very potent to treat the major diseases like cancer and diabetes.