Alumina Fibers Research Articles

Plastic deformation behavior of bending aluminum fiber porous material under compressive load

The 6061 aluminum alloy wires with diameters of 0.15 mm and 0.20 mm were cut into different structural sizes of 5 × 10 mm and 10 × 15 mm by a spring machine to bend the aluminum alloy fibers, one is 5 mm short side, 10 mm long side, and 1 mm arc radius, and the other is 10 mm short side, 15 mm long side, and 1 mm arc radius. Special cylindrical molds are used to prepare folding sheets with different porosities using vacuum hot pressing sintering technology. Bent aluminum fiber porous material. The gas displacement method was used to detect the pore size and pore size distribution, and the Plastic Deformation Behavior were analyzed by quasi-static uniaxial compression test. Research shows that the material presents a three-stage stress-strain curve, from the initial nonlinear elastic deformation stage to the pseudo-platform stage and the densification stage, the wire diameter and structure of the material The smaller the size, the more conducive to the densification of the silk skeleton, and the smaller the average pore size formed, the higher the compressive strength.

Dynamic mechanical behavior of a nano sized alumina fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites

Several researchers have spent the last few years investigating the use of natural fibers as load-bearing and wear-resistant elements in composites. Because of their low cost, ability to recycle, and ability to compete in terms of strength per weight of material, the usage of such materials in composites has increased. However, those materials do not yet meet the requirements for substituting typical filler composites. Nano composites are materials made by the combination of nanoparticles with a little amount of another component. This is a fast growing branch of nanotechnology. The nano substance considerably improves the original material's thermal and electrical conductivity, including its mechanical strength. A nano composite is a material that combines a polymer matrix with fibers, platelets, or particles. with a nanometer (nm) scale dimension (10–9 m). As a result, in the current study, an attempt was made to build a new alumina fiber filler reinforced epoxy hybrid nano composite and to investigate its dynamic mechanical behavior. As a result, this study looked into the dynamic mechanical evaluation of nano-sized alumina fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites arising from the inclusion of alumina nano fibers as filler and made utilizing the compression molding technique. Alumina nanofiber concentrations were changed. The effects of different nano alumina nano fiber compositions on dynamic mechanical analysis results such as storage modulus and damping factor were investigated. Finally, the insertion of nano fibres improved the glass transition temperature significantly.

Upcycling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites

An upcycling method of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) was proposed to solve environmental pollution caused by waste CFRP. Novel graphene supported on alumina fiber porous material (GPM) was prepared, which could generate plasma under microwave irradiation in a nitrogen atmosphere. This plasma could generate a high temperature that not only pyrolyzed the thermosetting polymer in CFRP into combustible gas but also improved the graphitization degree of recycled carbon fiber (CF) beyond that of the virgin CF. This upcycling method obtained T300 short-cut carbon fiber (SCF) without additional surface treatment has better properties than commercial T700 SCF when prepared composite.

Mechanism of grain refinement and growth for the continuous alumina fibers by MgO addition

Maintaining high mechanical properties and thermal stability of alumina fibers is a contradictory problem. In order to solve this problem, the effects of MgO addition on the microstructure evolution and properties of alumina fibers prepared by sol-gel were studied. The addition of MgO inhibited the formation of α-Al2O3 and the 2 wt% MgO addition was conducive to grain refinement, reducing the grain size from 227 nm to 162 nm and increasing the Weibull strength by 66%, up to 2.03 GPa with a peak value of 2.60 GPa. The grain growth exponent increased from 4 to 7.2 during the long-term holding at 1100 °C, indicating the better thermal stability of alumina fibers with 2 wt% MgO as well. The mechanism of MgO addition to the phase transition and grain growth of alumina fibers was further discussed.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE PROPELLER BLADE FOR AIRCRAFT

The work in this paper primarily focuses on the modelling and analysis of a plane's propeller blade for strength. The geometry of a propeller blade is a sophisticated 3D model. CATIA V5 R20 is utilised to generate the blade model, which necessitates the usage of high-end modelling CAD software. This document provides a brief overview of Fiber Reinforced Plastic materials as well as the benefits of employing composite propellers over traditional metallic propeller blades. The purpose of this research is to use finite element analysis to analyse the metal and composite strength of the propeller blade. We conducted static and modal analysis for isotropic materials using ANSYS software, as well as linear layer analysis for orthotropic materials. FEA methods were used to investigate two distinct types of propellers, namely aluminium, E-glass, and carbon fibre.

Fabrication and Analysis of the HLM Method of Layered Polymer Bumper with the Fracture Surface Micrographs

Bumpers are essential components that shield passenger cars from slow-speed collisions. Automobiles have them mounted on the front and rear ends. It is believed that bumpers would be crucial in avoiding or restricting damage to automobiles. Various composite material combinations are being researched when a car frontal accident occurs in light of the impact requirements. By comparing it to the parent material, the unique hybrid fibre-metal laminate production clarifies problems such as deformation and stress. This research focuses on identifying the hybrid material composed of basalt fibre with aluminium and glass fibre combinations, inducing it with the properties of the existing parent material and fusing it together to form a laminated composite. It also focuses on identifying its specific features and mapping them with those of the existing ones. This project’s peculiarity strives to give the best bumper with a range of deformation between 0.017378 m and 0.03114 m for the 38 MPa tensile strength with a maximum stress prediction of 2.424 × 102 MPa that shows advantageous in day-to-day operations, and this is done by comparing simulation results.

Fiber-Reinforced Thermoelectric Tile As An Alternative Source Of Energy

Urban heating in modern cities that raises the temperature by 1℃ to 3℃ than the ordinary environment temperature due to the presence of high thermal mass materials present within the environment is a phenomenon called the Urban Heat Island Effect. These materials tend to store huge amount of thermal energy resulting to more humid environment temperature. This study proposes a method of reducing urban heating by converting thermal heat energy to electrical energy using fiber-reinforced thermoelectric tiles. The design of these tiles makes use of the concept of flywheel effect. Materials that possess high thermal mass can store thermal energy when the ambient temperature is higher than the material and releases it back when the ambient temperature is cooler. The study aims to convert the stored heat energy in materials to usable energy instead of being released back to the environment. This is accomplished by employing concrete cement mixed with carbon and aluminum fibers that act as n-type and p-type material, respectively, arranged in a way that one side is exposed to high temperature and the other side to low temperature. Result showed that a temperature difference between 15℃ and 35℃ can induce voltage and current between 0.75V to 1.80 V and 1.15A to 1.28 A, respectively, for a 305 cm × 305 cm tile. Moreover, result showed that while converting the absorbed heat energy, the ambient temperature cools down faster compared to using typical concrete tiles.

Graphene-coated alumina nano/microfibers as filler for composites

The present work is focused on the preparation and characterization of composite nano/microfibers based on alumina applicable as fillers in ceramic-matrix composites. The graphene-coated Al2O3 microfibers have been prepared in the form of continuous alumina/graphene fibers from electrospun precursors using needle-less electrospinning, calcination, and catalyst-free chemical vapor deposition of graphene layers on the surface of the microfibers. The phase composition and morphology of the composite fibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The porosity of the final fibers was evaluated by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The surface microstructures of composite fibers were rough and their diameters were in the range from 300 nm to 2 μm. The phase transformation at 1100 °C led to the formation of a mixture of γ-, δ-, and α-Al2O3. TEM results confirmed that the alumina fibers were covered by the 3–4 layers of graphene-based structure. The specific surface area of pure alumina fibers after carbon deposition slightly increased from the initial 40 m2/g to 45 m2/g, due to a slightly wavy surface of graphene layers. Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis results showed that the surface layer of fibers is formed as graphene oxide. Between the graphene oxide and alumina grains a chemical bonding C–O–Al, C–O–O–Al was discovered as the nucleation of the graphene oxide sheet. The growth mechanism of graphene oxide layers on the surface edges of Al2O3 grains was described.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fiber Composites for Energy Transfer in Future Electric Vehicles.

Reducing the weight of electric conductors is an important task in the design of future electric air and ground vehicles. Fully electric aircraft, where high electric energies have to be distributed over significant distances, are a prime example. Multifunctional composite materials with both adequate structural and electrical properties are a promising approach to substituting conventional monofunctional components and achieving considerable mass reductions. In this paper, a hybrid multifunctional glass-fiber-reinforced composite containing quasi-endless aluminum fibers with a diameter of is proposed for electric energy transfer. In addition to characterizing the material’s behavior under static and fatigue loads, combined electrical-mechanical tests are conducted to prove the material’s capability of carrying electric current. Light microscopy, thermal imaging and potentiometry-based resistance characterization are used to investigate the damage behavior. It is found that a volume fraction of about work-hardened aluminum fibers does not affect the static fiber-parallel material properties significantly. Under transverse loading, however, the tensile strength is found to decrease by 17% due to the weak bonding of the aluminum fibers. The fiber-parallel fatigue strength of the multifunctional laminate containing work-hardened aluminum fibers is comparable to that of the reference material. In contrast, the integration of soft-annealed aluminum fibers decreases the tensile strength (−10%) and fatigue life (−21%). Concerning the electrical properties, electrical resistance is nearly unchanged until specimen rupture under quasi-static tensile loads, whereas under cyclic loading, it increases up to 60% within the last third of the fatigue life. Furthermore, the material’s capability of carrying currents up to 0.32 A/mm2 (current density of 4.5 A/mm2 in the aluminum phase) is proven. Under combined electrical-mechanical loads, a notable reduction in the fatigue life (−20%) is found at low fatigue loads, which is attributed to ohmic specimen heating. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first study on the electrical and mechanical material properties and damage behavior of glass-fiber-reinforced composites containing aluminum fibers tested under combined electrical-mechanical loads.

Study on synthesizing new urethane epoxy adhesives and their adhesive properties on different substrates

In this work, we prepared urethane epoxy adhesives from the reaction of glycidol and aliphatic diisocyanate, 4, 4-methylene bis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI). We modified diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with this urethane epoxy and cured by maleic anhydride. We used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) for monitoring the reaction progress and confirming the unique structure. We measured the lap shear strength of joints, bonded with different weight ratios of urethane epoxy and DGEBA, on three different substrates aluminum, stainless steel, and glass fiber reinforced epoxy. The effect of substrates with varied materials was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) with comparisons with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results from other studies. The novel urethane-epoxy adhesive exhibited improvements in mechanical properties such as shear strength and elongation in comparison to common DGEBA-based epoxy adhesives.

Considerations for practical dose equivalent assessment of space radiation and exposure risk reduction in deep space

Shielding from space radiation, especially galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), is a significant safety challenge for future human activities in deep space. In this study, the shielding performances of potential materials [aluminum (Al), polyethylene (PE), and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)] were investigated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation considering two types of biological scale parameters, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) quality factor (QFICRP) and the plausible biological effectiveness (RBEγacute), for GCRs. The effective dose equivalent was reduced by 50% for QFICRP and 38% for RBEγacute when shielding using 20 g/cm2 of CFRP. A spacecraft made from CFRP will have a better radiation shielding performance than conventional Al-based spacecraft. The contribution of heavy ions for QFICRP based effective dose equivalent was larger by a factor of ~ 3 compared to that for RBEγacute based effective dose equivalent. The shielding materials efficiently reduced the effective dose equivalent due to ions with QFICRP > 3.36 and RBEγacute > 2.26. QFICRP and RBEγacute have advantages and disadvantages in quantifying the dose equivalent of space radiation, and the establishment of a standard parameter specified for a mixed radiation environment occupied by protons and heavy ions is necessary for practical dose assessment in deep space.

Effect of alumina particulate and E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite on erosion wear behavior using Taguchi orthogonal array

This article includes the erosion wear behavior of alumina (Al2O3) and E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The erosion wear was conducted on air jet erosion tester. Alumina was reinforced with a variation of 0–20 wt%. Five formulations were made: L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. The reinforcement content, impact velocity, discharge, and impingement angle as machine control factors were employed for the erosion wear. Taguchi (L25) orthogonal array was used to determine erosion wear. From the Taguchi analysis, the minimum erosion rate was recorded at 10 wt% of reinforcement content, 30 m/s of impact velocity, 1 gm/min of discharge, and 45°of impingement angle. The impact velocity was found the most influential parameter affecting the erosion rate from the ANOVA analysis, with a percentage contribution of 41 %. From the investigation of the scanning electron microscope, the result shows that Al2O3 particles have more interaction with polymer matrix and good stress transfer properties.

A Review on Analysis of Reinforced Recycled Rubber Composites

Rubber recycling attracts considerable attention by a variety of industries around the world due to shrinking resources, increasing cost of raw materials, growing awareness of sustainable development, and environmental issues. Recycled rubber is commonly used in aeronautic, automotive, and transportation industries. In this study, recycled rubber composites designed with different reinforcements in the literature are scrutinized by means of toughening mechanisms, mechanical and physical properties, as well as microstructural and fracture surface analysis. Microscale reinforcements (glass bubbles, alumina fiber, etc.) and nanoscale reinforcements (nanosilica, graphene nanoplatelets, etc.) utilized as reinforcements in rubber composites are thoroughly reviewed. The general mechanical properties reported by previous studies, such as tensile, compressive, and flexural strength, are investigated with the main goal of optimizing the amount of reinforcement used. The majority of the studies on recycled rubber composites show that recycled rubber reinforced with microscale particles leads to the development of physical and mechanical properties of the structures and also provides low-cost and lightweight composites for several application areas. Moreover, recycled rubber containing composites can be suitable for applications where high toughness and high resistance to impact are desirable. The present review aims to demonstrate research on reinforced recycled rubber composites in the literature and prospective outcomes.

High‐temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites

AbstractContinuous alumina fiber–reinforced alumina matrix composites (Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites) were produced via sol–gel process, then the high‐temperature mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of Al2O3f/Al2O3 composites were investigated. The results showed that the composites exhibited excellent high‐temperature properties. The mechanical property of the composites was affected by heat treatment (prepared at 1100°C exhibited the most desirable mechanical property). The tensile strength of the composites abruptly decreased at higher temperatures. Although the mechanical property of the composites deteriorated after the thermal shock test was conducted at high temperatures, they exhibited excellent thermal shock resistance. After 50 thermal shock tests conducted at 1300 and 1500°C, the flexural strength of the composites was found to be 124.34 and 93.04 MPa, thus showing a decrease in strength with the increasing temperature.

Design Analysis and Weight Optimization of LMV Drive Shaft by Using AL + GF Material

Abstract: Aluminium is mainly used due to their lower weight and high strength among the Metal Composites. Fabrication of composite is done by the winding of composite glass fibre over the aluminium shaft method. Each shaft fabrication content of Eglass fibre and Aluminium with different ratios depends on ANSYS results. The present article attempts to evaluate the mechanical results for Aluminium and Glass fibre composite shaft for torsion test. The results are analyzed for different combination of Aluminium and glass fibre layer. The mechanical properties of composites have improved with the increase in the weight percentage of Aluminium in composite.

Reasonable construction of proton conducting channel via biomimetic caterpillar-like alumina fiber to improve the properties of its composite proton exchange membrane

In this paper, we prepare a novel biomimetic caterpillar-like alumina fiber with the characteristic of continuous alumina backbone and fine needle whiskers spine. Then the high-performance caterpillar-like alumina fiber composite proton exchange membrane (CAPEM) is obtained by introducing the amino modified biomimetic caterpillar-like alumina fiber into sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF) matrix, which successfully reasonable construction of the proton conducting channels in both vertical and horizontal orientation. The properties of CAPEM, including proton conductivity, methanol permeability, etc. Are systematically studied. The results show that the proton conductivity of CAPEM increases with rising the temperature, which reaches the maximum of 0.263 S/cm at 80 °C and 100% RH, respectively. The excellent proton conductivity of CAPEM is attributed to the long-range continuous proton conducting channel formed by the horizontal continuous alumina skeleton in the in-plane direction and the vertical overlapped fine needle whiskers spine in the through-plane direction. In addition, the interfacial compatibility between amino modified caterpillar-like alumina fiber and SPSF matrix is enhanced through the reasonable construction of proton conducting channels, which effectively inhibits the methanol permeation of the composite membrane with 4.18 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 and improves the comprehensive performance of the CAPEM.

Study of the structural changes in oxide ceramics using polarization microscopy

The mechanical and thermal properties of heat-resistant ceramic materials based on refractory oxides largely depend on the defect-free nature of their crystal structure, the presence of extraneous phases, the size and orientation of the grains. We present the results of studying the structure of ceramic fibers of mullite-corundum composition during high-temperature heating using optical polarization microscopy. The structural features of a continuous fiber of Al2O3 – SiO2 system heat-treated in a free state and under tension, as well as the structure of short fibers of a similar composition obtained by injecting a solution with subsequent heat treatment of the fiber mass at different temperatures were studied. It is shown that the structure of a continuous fiber after heat treatment in the free state has a multidirectional orientation of the grains, whereas heat treatment at the same temperatures under tension leads to the formation of an oriented uniaxial structure. Thus, the fibers obtained from the same solution and heat-treated at the same temperatures are characterized by different strength values. Moreover, the strength of a fiber with an oriented uniaxial structure is one and a half times higher than that of a fiber with a multidirectional grain orientation, which greatly facilitates its further processing. It is also revealed that structural defects like incomplete crystallization, collective recrystallization, and inhomogeneous inclusions of the second phase, characteristic of short fibers obtained by nozzle spraying, negatively affect the thermal properties of thermal insulation made of such fibers. The results obtained can be used to improve the methods of analyzing the microstructure of aluminum oxide fibers using the method of optical polarization microscopy.

Progressive Damage Behaviour Analysis and Comparison with 2D/3D Hashin Failure Models on Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Aluminium Laminates.

It is known that carbon fibre–reinforced aluminium laminate is the third generation of fibre metal materials. This study investigates the response of carbon fibre–reinforced aluminium laminates (CARALL) under tensile loading and three-point bending tests, which evaluate the damage initiation and propagation mechanism. The 2D Hashin and 3D Hashin VUMAT models are used to analyse and compare each composite layer for finite element modelling. A bilinear cohesive contact model is modelled for the interface failure, and the Johnson cook model describes the aluminium layer. The mechanical response and failure analysis of CARALL were evaluated using load versus deflection curves, and the scanning electron microscope was adopted. The results revealed that the failure modes of CARALL were mainly observed in the aluminium layer fracture, fibre pull-out, fracture, and matrix tensile fracture under tensile and flexural loading conditions. The 2D Hashin and 3D Hashin models were similar in predicting tensile properties, flexural properties, mechanical response before peak load points, and final failure modes. It is highlighted that the 3D Hashin model can accurately reveal the failure mechanism and failure propagation mechanism of CARALL.

Strain rate effect analysis of hybrid composites under the high-velocity impact

In this paper, the damage behavior of fiber metal laminate (FML) is studied under high-velocity impact (HVI) at different strain rates (1 s−1, 100 s−1, and 1000 s−1) for flat, hemisphere, and sharp nosed projectiles. A finite element model has been used to examine the damage modes and failure processes of carbon fiber reinforced aluminium laminates (CRALLs) under HVI. This study is based on continuum damage mechanics. The damage criteria for aluminium (Al) and carbon fiber composite layers are identified by Johnson-Cook (J-C) and Hashin damage models, respectively. To analyse the inter-laminar de-lamination caused by the HVI, a cohesive surface regulated by bi-linear traction-separation is applied. The CRALL ballistic limit is analysed for different projectiles, which strike at initial velocity ranges from 60 m/s to 150 m/s to the CRALL. The obtained numerical results are in good agreement with the literature experimental results, which indicates the model is permissible for further analysis. The obtained results show that if strain rate varies from 1 s−1 to 1000 s−1 then CRALL ballistic limit velocity increases for all projectiles. The CRALL ballistic limit is the highest for flat nosed projectiles, followed by hemisphere and sharp nosed projectiles.

CFD Analysis of Centrifugal Pump with Impeller Made of Various Materials

The purpose of this study is to model and simulate CFD in centrifugal pump with different impeller material. Using CFD technique impeller with four different materials are analysed and compared. Aluminium, steel ,T300 and glass fibre are the four materials are used for study. T300and glass fibbers are belong to composite fibre (additive manufacturing). From result, data is compared and performance of centrifugal pump with impeller made by additive materials are compared with steel and aluminium. Results shows that composite materials (T300 and Glass fibre give performance as same as steel , so composite material or additive manufacturing for impeller can replace conventional metals like steel and aluminium.