Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Research Articles

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF WIRE EDM PROCESS TO CREATE DIFFERENT GEOMETRICAL PROFILES IN METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

Machining of accurate geometrical profiles like triangles, squares or circles with good surface finish and high productivity in metal matrix composites is required for various industrial applications. Thermoelectic principle-based wire electric discharge machine (WEDM) can be conventionally used to overcome the difficulty which occurs during the machining of composites due to the presence of hard abrasive particles. Therefore, in this investigation, three geometrical profiles possessing equal perimeters were produced in 5 mm thick aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) by WEDM. In order to analyze the effect of reinforcements three different AMMCs containing Al6061 as a matrix were produced by stir casting method. The fabricated composites, respectively, contain 10% alumina ([Formula: see text]), 10% silicon carbide (SiC) and a mixture of 5% [Formula: see text] with 5% SiC. The individual effect of various input parameters like pulse-on time ([Formula: see text] = 30-50 [Formula: see text]s), pulse-off time ([Formula: see text] = 6–12 [Formula: see text]s), current ([Formula: see text] = 1–5 A) and geometrical shapes (circle, triangle, and square) on cutting velocity (CV) and surface roughness (SR) were investigated. Furthermore, parametric analysis using regression models was also performed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of two interacting parameters on CV and SR. The study reveals that in the case of hybrid composite, CV decreases with [Formula: see text] and SR is always higher for triangular profiles when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] change. The regression plots indicate that the interaction effect of [Formula: see text] × [Formula: see text] plays a major role in CV for all three composites. Multiobjective optimization using a composite desirability approach reveals a marginal increase in CV (8.58%) and a significant reduction (57.72%) in SR at optimal input parameters for Al6061–10% SiC. The morphological analysis at optimal input parameters indicates a significant reduction in resolidified metal drops and microcraters.

Investigation on the machinability of Biochar reinforced AA5083 Metal Matrix composites fabricated by stir casting technique

Over the past two decades, there has been a significant rise in the demand for Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AAMCs) due to their notable advantages such as lightweight properties, increased strength, and enhanced hardness. In this study, three distinct AAMC samples based on Al5083 alloy, each varying in reinforcement levels at 4%, 8%, and 12% by weight were used. These composites were produced through a stir-casting process. The biochar used in our research was obtained through a pyrolysis process, adding an environmentally friendly and sustainable aspect to the composite materials. In the machining aspect of the study, A systematic L27 Taguchi Design of Experiment approach was used to investigate the influence of input parameters, namely cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and weight percentage of reinforcement material, on the machining process. Further regression models were developed to gain insights into the relationships between these parameters and the resulting surface roughness. Turning operations at a cutting speed of 1050 rpm, a feed rate of 60 mm, and a depth of cut of 0.75 mm were idle for superior surface roughness and to assess the impact of the reinforcement material on the machined surface.

A Polymer-Based Metallurgical Route to Produce Aluminum Metal-Matrix Composite with High Strength and Ductility.

In this investigation, an attempt was made to develop a new high-strength and high-ductility aluminum metal-matrix composite. It was achieved by incorporating ceramic reinforcement into the metal which was formed in situ from a polymer by pyrolysis. A crosslinked PMHS polymer was introduced into commercially pure aluminum via friction stir processing (FSP). The distributed micro- and nano-sized polymer was then converted into ceramic particles by heating at 500 °C for 10 h and processed again via FSP. The produced composite showed a 2.5-fold increase in yield strength (to 119 MPa from 48 MPa) and 3.5-fold increase in tensile strength (to 286 MPa from 82 MPa) with respect to the base metal. The ductility was marginally reduced from 40% to 30%. The increase in strength is attributed to the grain refinement and the larger ceramic particles. High-temperature grain stability was obtained, with minimal loss to mechanical properties, up to 500 °C due to the Zenner pinning effect of the nano-sized ceramic particles at the grain boundaries. Fractures took place throughout the matrix up to 300 °C. Above 300 °C, the interfacial bonding between the particle and matrix became weak, and fractures took place at the particle-matrix interface.

Study the End Milling Machinability Properties of Al 6061/WC Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites

The end milling process plays a crucial role in shaping the material into surface structures that meet the stringent requirements of these demanding industries. The present paper aims to optimize the end milling process of Al6061 with nano tungsten carbide reinforcement at 6% by studying metal removal rate (MRR), and surface finish based on the parameters of depth of cut, feed, and cutting speed. The aluminium metal matrix composite is prepared with 6 weight percentage of nano tungsten carbide is reinforced with Al6061 alloy is casted by using stir casting method. RSM analysis is used to find the best operating condition by using L9 orthogonal array. The ANOVA result shows that cutting speed is the most domineering factor which influences the MRR and feed rate is the most influencing factor on surface roughness.

Quantitative phase contrast X-ray tomography of aluminium metal matrix composite

The quantitative assessment of micro-structure and load-induced damages in Al–SiC metal matrix composites (MMC) is important for its design optimization, performance evaluation and structure-property correlation. X-ray Phase contrast micro-tomography is potentially used for evaluation of its 3 dimensional micro-structure manifested in the form of voids, cracks, embedded particles, and load-induced damages. However, the contrast between Al matrix and SiC particles is insufficient for their clear morphological identification and quantitative assessment. In the present study, we have proposed and applied single image-based phase retrieval as a pre-processing step to micro-tomography reconstruction for improved assessment of micro-structure and cohesion-induced damages in Al–SiC MMC. The advantages of applying different phase retrieval techniques in the enhancement of image quality and morphological quantification of SiC particles, pores and cohesion damages are discussed. It is observed that the Paganin method offers the best improvement in contrast to noise ratio for the measurement of SiC particles embedded in the Al matrix.

Influence of Graphene on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composite

The constraints of conventional aluminum alloys have prompted the investigation of strengthening substances such as carbon nanotubes and graphene fillers. The improved composite exhibits suitability for applications in the automotive and aviation industries. Graphene's popularity stems from its high strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical inertness, making it ideal for mechanical, thermal, and microstructural applications. This research varied concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets (0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%) to enhance the mechanical properties of aluminum metal matrix composites. A stir casting process was employed to create a graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix composite using A356 aluminum alloy. A designed experiment (DOE) investigated the impacts of graphene concentration and suitable heat treatment time on the aluminum composite. Subsequently, the specimens underwent heat treatment and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties were examined using a universal testing machine. The best aluminum matrix composites were produced with 0.9wt% graphene and 180 minutes of heat treatment. These parameters resulted in a microstructure with refined grains evolving from dendritic to rosette. The grains became closely packed, and reduced porosity was observed. As a result, the mechanical properties were enhanced, with a maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 250 MPa and a fracture elongation of 6%. The findings indicate that graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) concentration significantly influences the mechanical characteristics of the composite. Tensile and yield strength increase with GNP concentration, but higher concentrations reduce the composite's ductility. These insights contribute to optimizing GNP-reinforced composites and developing innovative materials with superior mechanical properties.

Opportunities and challenges in machining of aluminium metal matrix composites using electrical discharge machining

The machining of aluminium metal matrix composites (aluminium MMCs) presents a dynamic landscape of opportunities and challenges, with electrical discharge machining (EDM) emerging as a promising technique. This review article systematically navigates the intricate interplay between AMMCs’ unique characteristics and the EDM process. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, we uncover the underlying mechanisms that govern the machining dynamics of AMMCs, exploring their compositional variations, reinforcement distribution and thermal properties. The article delves into the opportunities offered by EDM, such as precision machining of intricate geometries, inherent thermal control and the ability to navigate the varying hardness levels in AMMCs. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges that arise, including electrode wear, surface integrity preservation and the influence of reinforcement particles on material removal rates. The authors highlight the role of parameter optimisation in achieving desirable machining outcomes, underlining the need to strike a balance between material removal efficiency and surface finish quality. Additionally, environmental considerations in EDM of AMMCs are discussed, emphasising sustainable machining strategies in line with contemporary ecological concerns. As the field of advanced materials and manufacturing continues to evolve, this review article provides valuable insights for researchers, engineers and industries seeking to harness the potential of EDM in machining AMMCs. By navigating the intricate landscape of opportunities and challenges, this article contributes to a holistic understanding of the nuanced relationship between EDM and AMMCs, laying the foundation for future advancements in precision machining of these composite materials.

Effect of reinforcement particles and multipass of friction stir processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy

The present study focuses on the successful fabrication of aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) using friction stir processing (FSP) and micro-sized SiC as reinforcement particles (RPs). The microstructure of Al6061-T6/SiC AMMCs in the stir zone was examined using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The incorporation of SiC particles and the refinement of grain structure resulted in upgraded mechanical properties of the AMMCs achieved through three FSP passes. These enhancements were concerning from the reduction in grain size and more orderly dispersal of SiC particles. Moreover, the microhardness of the AMMCs enhanced by 41.79%, by augmenting the FSP passes, which can be characterized by the refinement in grain structure, facilitated by the dynamic recrystallization (DRx) mechanism.

Numerical simulation of linear reciprocating wear mechanism of hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite using finite element method

This work aims to analyze the wear properties of the hybrid aluminum metal matrix composites (HAMMCs) using finite element analysis (FEA). A dry sliding linear reciprocating wear mechanism is analyzed using ANSYS 19.1. Aluminum 7075 alloy and HAMMC reinforced with ZrB2 (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) and fly ash (2 wt.%) is taken as sample material. A steel ball (EN 52100) is utilized as a counterpart in the dry sliding wear properties study. The deformation of the steel ball during the wear process is assumed to be negligible. Under various circumstances, a 3D point-to-surface connection is built to analyze the dry sliding wear process. The wear depth, contact pressure, and wear volume are analyzed using FEA. The analytical results are compared with the experimental results with the help of ANSYS to analyze the process parameters. The ANOVA analysis is employed for optimization, which exhibits that the load had the most significant impact on the material’s wear rate, followed by the material’s composition and temperature. The wear depth, wear rate, and contact pressure at optimum input parameters for the HAMMCs are 0.47 μm, 11.31 × 10−6 mm3 Nm−1, and 0.33 MPa, respectively. The Simulated results support the experimental results, and the average error is 9.82%.

Influence of Particle Loading on The Microstructure of Aluminum-Fe3O4.AgTe2 Composite

Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC) are becoming viable materials for many applications in renewable energy and fuel security, entertainment, communications, machine tools, transportation, medical and pharmaceutical industries, and household appliances. In this study, Aluminum was reinforced with the Fe3O4.AgTe2 through the recrystallization process, hence, AMMC was successfully developed. The aim was to locally develop new material with improved mechanical, and chemical properties that could be used as an absorber for solar thermal applications. The conventional Aluminum and composite were analyzed for morphological and chemical properties. Based on the obtained results, the microstructural analysis of the composite demonstrated an appreciable distribution of the reinforcement materials within the Aluminum matrix. The development of new phases was also revealed which is belief to have contributed immensely toward enhancing the strength and corrosion resistance of the composite. The conventional Aluminum sample are more corrosive in acidic solution than AMMC because the grain size of the AMMC materials being homogeneous; nevertheless, the grain size varied throughout the heating process, resulting in dislocation defects. Recrystallization creates homogenous grains when base materials are regularly intermixed during heating. It was observed that after the corrosion test in an acidic solution AMMC shows a positive outcome toward corrosion resistance (lower corrosion rate) this could enhance the thermal conductivity of the AMMC. It is therefore recommended that the composite can be used as solar thermal absorbers.

Wear behaviour of hybrid (boron carbide-graphite) aluminium matrix composites under high temperature

Aluminium MMCs are among the many metal composites and are regarded as progressive engineering materials in numerous industries because of their advantages compared to standard aluminium alloy. Among the reinforcements in MMCs, ceramic particles are preferred for their superior wear resistance, temperature resistance, and adhesion to their matrix, making them a popular choice. This research work has been carried out to synthesise ceramic particle-reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites and to evaluate their tribological properties at different temperatures (50–300℃). Al2618 alloy was selected as the matrix, and boron carbide (B4C) and graphite (Gr) were selected as reinforcements. Hybrid composites are prepared through stir casting by varying the wt.% of B4C and Gr reinforcement particles with a ratio of 3:2. Microstructural observation shows the uniform distribution of B4C and Gr particles throughout the matrix without any agglomeration, and it also exhibits excellent scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed to verify the presence of different constituents in the developed material. Samples S4 (Al 2618 + 12 wt.% B4C—8 wt.% Gr) and S5 (Al 2618 + 15 wt.% B4C—10 wt.% Gr) exhibit enhanced wear resistance (16.45%) due to the incorporation of a higher quantity of Gr solid lubricants alongside B4C within the temperature range of 50 to 300℃. The thickness and stability of the glazed layer exhibited adequate resistance to wear.

Mechanical characterisation and experimental analysis of AA6082 Aluminium metal matrix composites reinforced with goat bone ash

ABSTRACT Aluminium matrix composites signify a recent advancement in the progression of metal matrix composites, possessing the capability to meet the requisites of various emerging engineering applications. This study aims to concentrate on the mechanical behaviour of AA6082, which was fortified with goat bone ash (GBA). Employing the stir casting technique for casting, aluminium-based metal matrix composites were synthesized, incorporating varied weight percentages (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) of goat bone ash as the strengthening element. The introduction of 3% ash particles yielded a 12% augmentation in impact strength, while an even more significant enhancement of 81% in hardness was attributed to the incorporation of 9% ash particles. The material exhibited a tensile strength of 131 MPa without reinforcement, and this value was significantly enhanced by 36.6% upon adding 6% GBA. Subsequently, it was inferred that reinforcement significantly enhanced the physical and mechanical attributes of aluminium metal matrix composites.

Optimization on hardening process parameters of alumnium alloy 7075 based composites using gra approach

Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) play a vital role in various industries, including aerospace, aviation, maritime, transportation, and automotive, owing to their remarkable mechanical strength, resistance to corrosion, and tribological performance. The age-hardening process for AA7075-based Metal Matrix Composites is essential to meet specific performance requirements, improve material properties (enhancing mechanical properties, tailoring material performance, improving wear resistance, reducing weight, enhancing corrosion resistance, extending service life), and enhancing the overall suitability of these materials for a wide range of demanding applications. The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical and tribological characteristics of AA7075-based composites by utilizing the age-hardening process, rather than introducing additional reinforcements to the base material. Aluminium Alloy 7075 (AA7075) is selected as the matrix material due to its significant need for improvement in mechanical, corrosion, and tribological properties. Nano zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) is chosen as the reinforcement to meet the property requirements of AA7075 for various applications The composites comprising AA7075 alloy and varying weight percentages of ZrO2 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20) are fabricated using the stir casting method. The fabricated composites are subjected to tensile strength and density tests to determine the optimal combination of AA7075-based composites by employing the Archimedes principle and a Universal Testing Machine, respectively. The manufactured AA7075-based composites were subjected to EDAX and SEM tests to determine the wt% presence of elements of reinforcement and matrix material by employing the S 3000 - HITACHI model. The stir-cast AA7075-based composites were further subjected to hardening under different conditions to enhance their required properties. Age hardening was performed with the help of a Muffle furnace. The input parameters for hardening were age-hardening temperature (200, 300, and 300 °C), hardening duration (90, 180, and 270 min), and cooling environments (Furnace, water, and atmosphere). The chosen response parameters were micro hardness and wear loss. The microhardness and wear resistance of these composites were assessed using a Vickers hardness tester and a Pin-on-Disc testing apparatus. The optimization was carried out using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The confirmation test was conducted to determine density, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), micro hardness, and wear loss. The AA7075/15 wt% ZrO2 composite exhibited a uniform distribution of zirconium dioxide in the AA7075 matrix material among the other manufactured composites. The AA7075/15 wt% ZrO2 exhibited higher density of 2.889 g cm−13 and UTS of 316 MPa than other combinations of AA7075 composite materials. Increasing the heating temperature and duration enhanced the micro hardness and wear resistance. Higher micro hardness and wear resistance were obtained with furnace cooling compared to other cooling environments. The optimized age-hardening process parameters are hardening temperature (400 °C), hardening duration (270 min), and cooling environment (Furnace cooling). The enhanced mechanical and tribological properties result from precipitate formation and density enhancement. The confirmation test for the combination specimen yielded higher density, UTS, micro hardness, and lower wear loss values, which are 2.896 g/cm3, 325 MPa, 138 HV, and 27 mg, respectively.

Optimizing abrasive wear loss of Aluminum/Fly Ash and Aluminum/Rice Husk Ash metal matrix composites using AHP-EDAS and AHP-COPRAS techniques for enhanced performance

Lightweight aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs), Aluminum/Fly Ash and Aluminum/Rice Husk Ash were developed using the stir casting route for automotive applications. As a result of the above consideration, automotive parts such as brake rotor and connecting rod, etc. have been the subject of research in a variety of areas. Finding the right material for the design under consideration requires an effective approach to material selection. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) processes are helpful when dealing with ambiguity in material selection. To rank aluminum-Fly Ash (FA) and Aluminum-Rice Husk Ash (RHA) composites, integrated MCDM methodologies such as Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)–Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) and AHP–Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) are utilized. The weights for each criterion are determined using the AHP approach, and the EDAS and COPRAS techniques are then used to rank the items. Three different particle sizes (0–53, 54–74, and 75–105 µm) of the reinforcement have been chosen for the selection criteria. Density, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and compressive strength, and specific wear rate, and coefficient of friction of the manufactured composites evaluated. A thorough examination of the MCDM methods found that Al-FA composites with particle sizes of 54–74 µm were the most effective.

Synthesis and Wear Behaviour Analysis of SiC- and Rice Husk Ash-Based Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites

Research efforts seek to develop aluminium alloy composites to enhance the poor tribological performance of aluminium alloy base matrix. In this research, a hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC) was developed by reinforcing an aluminium alloy (AA8011) with SiC and rice husk ash (RHA) using a stir casting technique. RHA was prepared by the cracking of rice husk, which is abundantly available in the Indian subcontinent. The samples were cast by keeping the amount of RHA constant at 2.5 wt.% and varying the amount of SiC from 0.0 wt.% to 8 wt.%. The samples were machined to manufacture pins for wear tests (at ambient temperature, 100 °C, and 200 °C) and hardness measurement. The microstructures of the cast samples were analysed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was observed that the composites with greater reinforcement of SiC exhibited improved hardness and wear resistance, but the coefficient of friction increased with the addition of RHA and SiC, and the wear performance deteriorated with an increase in the operating temperature. The contribution of RHA alone to the improvement in wear performance was marginal compared to the pure alloy. It was also confirmed that the reinforced composites could be a better option for automotive applications to replace aluminium alloys.

Determination of Saturation Conditions of the Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced with Al2O3 Sinter.

Aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs) are a class of materials characterized by being light in weight and high hardness. Due to these properties, Al MMCs have various applications in the automobile, aeronautical and marine industries. Ceramic-reinforced Al MMCs in the form of sinters are known for having excellent abrasive properties, which makes them an attractive material in certain fields of technology. The biggest problem in their production process is their low ability to infiltrate ceramics with alloys and consequently the difficulty of filling a ceramic preform. The castability of such composites has not yet been researched in detail. The aim of this study was to create aluminum metal matrix composite castings based on aluminum alloys (AlSi11) reinforced with an Al2O3 sinter preform using a Castability Trials spiral mold, and then to determine the degree of saturation with the liquid metal of the produced ceramic shaped body (Castability Trials spiral). For the selected AlSi11 alloy, the liquidus (Tl) and solidus (Ts) temperatures were determined by performing thermal-derivation analysis during cooling, which is Tl-579.3 °C and Ts-573.9 °C. The resultant pressure necessary for the infiltration process was estimated for the reinforcement capillaries with the following dimensions: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 microns. The following values were used to determine the capillary pressure (Pk): surface tension of the alloy-σ = 840 mN/m; the extreme wetting angle of the reinforcement by the metal-θ = 136°. It has been experimentally confirmed that for the vacuum saturation process, the estimated resultant pressure enables saturation of reinforcement with capillaries larger than 25 microns, provided that the alloy temperature does not drop lower than the infiltration temperature. After the experiment, the time and route of the liquid metal flow in the spiral were determined. On the basis of the obtained values, a simulation was developed and initial assumptions such as saturation time, alloy temperature, reinforcement and mold temperature were verified. The energy balance showed that the saturation limit temperature was Tk = 580.7 °C for the reinforcement temperature of 575 °C. In contrast to the above, the assumption that the temperature of the metal after equalizing the temperature of the composite components must be higher than the liquidus temperature (Tliq = 579.3 °C) for the aluminum alloy used must be fulfilled. After the experiment, the time and path of the liquid metal flow in the spiral were determined. Then, on the basis of the obtained values, a simulation was developed, and the initial assumptions (saturation time and temperature) were verified.

Effect of ceramic reinforcements on the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminium metal matrix composites – A review

Aluminium alloys were previously used by industries worldwide because of their excellent mechanical properties over other metallic alloys. However, the need for improved performance has shifted the focus to composites. Researchers have fabricated composites with various aluminium alloys as the base matrix and different ceramic particulate as the reinforcements. These aluminium metal matrix composites (AlMMCs) were fabricated using various manufacturing processes such as stir casting, friction stir processing, accumulative roll bonding, in-situ synthesisation using halide salts and pressure infiltration. This review article analyses the work carried out by researchers in the area of AlMMCs and summarises the effect of reinforcement type, reinforcement size and percentage proportion of reinforcements, on the mechanical and the tribological properties of AlMMCs.

Tribological performance and mechanical behavior of graphite based hybrid composites reinforced with silicon carbide particulate

This study aimed to investigate the mechanical and Tribological Characterization of aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particulates ranging from 10% to 20% and five percentage graphite. The metal matrix composites were fabricated using the stir casting technique at temperatures varying from 800 °C to 1000 °C. The Tribological characteristics were evaluated through pin-on-disk tests conducted under dry slipping conditions at room temperature and velocities of 0.979 m/s, using normal pressures ranging from 10 N to 50 N. The worn surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscopy to elucidate the wear mechanism. Moreover, the study examined the impact of graphite volume fraction and the inclusion of graphite on the mechanical behavior, specifically hardness and tensile strength. The results indicated that the addition of graphite increased the metal matrix composites wear resistance. It was discovered that the wear rate of graphite-reinforced metal matrix composites was lower compared to silicon carbide particulates reinforced composites. Among the silicon carbide particulates reinforced composites, those with a 15% volume fraction demonstrated superior wear resistance, hardness, and tensile strength. The friction coefficients were also raised while the applied load was decreased by the addition of both 15% silicon carbide particulates and 5% graphite.

Studies and scientific research analysis of aluminium (Al7075) metal matrix composite surface morphology

A nano-composite is composed of one or more chemically distinct inert phases, and its structural and distinctive qualities are superior to those of the constituent parts acting separately. This review paper focuses on enhancing the mechanical properties of composites through the integration of micro- and nanoparticles into an aluminum matrix. The article provides an overview of Aluminum Alloy (7075) matrix composites. Due to their exceptional strength, metallic matrix composites made from aluminum alloys find frequent applications in aerospace, automotive, defense, marine, and industrial fields. Due to their ease of processing and heat-treatability, heat-treatable alloys such as AA2024, AA6061, and AA7075 have garnered the interest of numerous researchers. This is primarily because these alloys can be readily modified to exhibit properties that are suitable for specific applications. The article discusses the mechanical properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) reinforced with one or more particulates, such as aluminum oxide (Al2O3), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), silicon carbide (SiC), graphite, and titanium diboride (TiB2), among others. AA7075 exhibits remarkable ultimate tensile strength, good corrosion and wear resistance, and enhanced thermal stability.

Svm_friction: A Python based software for calculating, data analysis and modeling the coefficient of friction of aluminum metal matrix composites using support vector regression

svm_friction: A Python based software for calculating, data analysis and modeling the coefficient of friction of aluminum metal matrix composites using support vector regression