Addition Of Aluminum Research Articles

The Effect of Adding Aluminium on the Performance of ZnO NRs/PANi in Their Application as Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) is a new renewable energy technology that converts H2O into hydrogen and oxygen gas with the help of sunlight. A photoelectrochemical cell device consists of three main components, one of which is the photoanode. One of the materials that can be used as a photoanode is ZnO which has good electrical properties and is non-toxic. Nanorods-structured ZnO has the advantage of being able to increase light absorption due to its high surface area. However, the resulting performance is still quite low. So it is necessary to make modifications to the photoanode, one of which is by adding aluminium material to ZnO NRs, which has the potential to increase the conductivity of PEC in the production of H2 and O2 in H2O. To overcome the loss of samples during testing, the thin film will be coated with conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANi), which has high conductivity, can increase photoactive ability, and has good corrosion resistance. In this study, the performance of ZnO NRs/PANi against AZO NRs/PANi will be studied by adding aluminium. The ZnO nanorods were synthesized by Hydrothermal method, Aluminium was deposited on ZnO NRs by DC Magnetron Sputtering method, and PANi was synthesized by polymerization method. From the XRD characterization results, it can be concluded that the addition of aluminium to ZnO NRs/PANi causes an increase in crystallinity and peak shift. SEM characterization shows that the addition of Al to ZnO NRs/PANi causes the porosity value to increase. In addition, UV-Vis characterization showed that the addition of Al material to the ZnO NRs/PANi thin film resulted in a wider range of absorbance of the light spectrum. Then, Cyclic Voltammetry test shows that the addition of aluminium increases the efficiency of the photoelectrochemical.

Control of the Composition and Morphology of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Superduplex Stainless Steel

Duplex stainless steel is a unique material for cast products, the use of which is possible in various fields. With the same chemical composition, melting, casting and heat treatment technology, pitting and crevice corrosion were observed at the interphase boundaries of non-metallic inclusions and the steel matrix. To increase the cleanliness of steel, it is necessary to carefully select the technology for deoxidizing with titanium or aluminum, as the most common deoxidizers, and the technology for modifying with rare earth metals. In this work, a comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamic data in the literature on the behavior of oxides and sulfides in this highly alloyed system under consideration was performed. Based on this analysis, a thermodynamic model was developed to describe their behavior in liquid and solidified duplex stainless steels. The critical concentrations at which the existence of certain phases is possible during the deoxidation of DSS with titanium, aluminum and modification by rare earth metals, including the simultaneous contribution of lanthanum and cerium, was determined. Experimental ingots were produced, the cleanliness of experimental steels was assessed, and the key metric parameters of non-metallic inclusions were described. In steels deoxidized using titanium, clusters of inclusions with a diameter of 84 microns with a volume fraction of 0.066% were formed, the volume fraction of which was decreased to 0.01% with the subsequent addition of aluminum. The clusters completely disappeared when REMs were added. The reason for this behavior of inclusions was interpreted using thermodynamic modeling and explained by the difference in temperature at which specific types of NMIs begin to form. A comparison of experimental and calculated results showed that the proposed model adequately describes the process of formation of non-metallic inclusions in the steel under consideration and can be used for the development of industrial technology.

Lightweight Fe47Mn25Al13Cr7Ni5C3 medium-entropy alloy with enhanced mechanical properties

In this study, we designed a lightweight Fe47Mn25Al13Cr7Ni5C3 medium-entropy alloy (MEA) (calculated density of 6.803 g/cm3) with enhanced mechanical properties. The MEA samples were produced in three conditions with varying microstructures via thermomechanical processing. They achieved excellent tensile properties through strengthening mechanisms such as partial recrystallization, ultrafine grains, and M23C6 and B2 precipitates. Different strengthening mechanisms were applied depending on the annealing heat treatment conditions, resulting in three different strength-elongation combinations. Furthermore, the MEA, under all designed conditions, exhibited superior specific yield strength-uniform elongation and specific ultimate tensile strength-uniform elongation combinations compared to previously studied lightweight high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and lightweight steel. This was primarily attributed to the combination of benefits obtained from the low proportion of iron (47 at%) as a principal element and the large amount of aluminum addition (13 at%). The proposed MEA and its design strategy can satisfy the requirements for lightweight, cost-effective, strong, and ductile metallic materials, making a great contribution to the automotive industry in terms of crash resistance and fuel efficiency.

Effect of aluminium addition on the oxidation and carburization behaviour of austenitic stainless in high-temperature SCO2 environments

The AFA stainless steels with 2.5 and 5 wt% Al were developed, and Al addition had a great influence on intermetallic compounds in AFA alloys, especially resulting in increasing of B2-NiAl phase. After 3000 h exposure in SCO2, the thickness of oxide scales for two AFA alloys was 5–7 times thinner than that of ASS without Al, and the structure of formed oxide scale significant changed, i.e., from single Cr2O3 to double-layer with Fe/Cr oxide and Al oxide. As for AFA-2.5%, the formed Al-riched oxide inner layer was amorphous and unstable, resulting in the severe internal oxidation and carburization occurrence.

Site-occupation and structure relaxation behavior of C14-type stoichiometric and iron-rich Fe2Nb Laves phases with addition of aluminum or chromium

Powder X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement for Al- or Cr-added stoichiometric and Fe-rich off-stoichiometric C14-type Fe2Nb Laves phases were examined to elucidate the site-occupation behavior of Al and Cr, and the resulting changes in the lattice parameters and the c/a axial ratio in the Fe2Nb Laves phases. In the case of the stoichiometric composition of the Fe2Nb Laves phase, no anti-site atoms were presented at the Fe and Nb both sites Al or Cr addition to the Fe-33.3at%Nb Laves phase by replacing Fe with Al or Cr did not generate anti-site Fe atoms, and Al and Cr preferentially occupied the Fe sites. Al and Cr atoms can replace Fe atoms at both the 6 h and 2a Fe sites in the case of Fe-rich alloy, and they also can occupy the Nb site (4f) by replacing anti-site Fe atoms. However, Al and Cr had no preferential occupation of any of these sites. The accuracy of Rietveld refinement was confirmed by observation through high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The lattice parameters of the a and c axes increased almost linearly with increasing the added Al or Cr concentrations, but the c/a ratio showed different behavior. Therefore, the change in c/a cannot be explained solely in terms of the concentration of the added element; however, it is proposed that the change in c/a is interpreted by using parameters consistent with site-occupancy values.

Effect of Controlled Heat Treatment and Aluminum Additions on the Strengthening of Cu–Ni-Based Alloys

In this investigation, Cu–Ni alloys with different aluminum additions were synthetized under a vacuum atmosphere to reduce the material density. Annealed alloys in a He atmosphere with low aluminum concentration exhibited a coarse dendritic structure, while samples with high aluminum concentration exhibited a refined dendritic structure. Structural defects analyses have shown relatively low vacancy concentrations. Hardness evaluations indicated an increment by approximately 5 times i.e., 370 HVN, more than that for the alloyed samples compared with the as-cast and unalloyed samples. Compression tests have shown a noticeable strengthening improvement (360 MPa), mainly in samples heat treated with 10 at.% Al, while samples with 5 at.% Al showed an acceptable resistance (270 MPa) as well. In general, the sample with 10 at.% Al presented the best performance to be considered as potential structural material.

Magnetic properties of crystalline diamond powders synthesized at high pressure and high temperature in the graphite–nickel–aluminum system

This work continues the study of two crystalline diamond powders with a size of 63–100 μm, rapidly synthesized at a high pressure of 5 GPa and a high temperature of 1650 °C from a mixture of graphite and nickel powders with aluminum addition (9 wt %). Magnetization measurements performed with these samples in the temperature range of 4.5–300 K and a magnetic field of 0–100 kOe revealed the presence of nickel in the form of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with a size of 7.5 nm. The addition of aluminum to the growth medium reduces not only the content of nitrogen impurities in diamond crystals but also the nickel content (from 1760 to 270 ppm). The presence of size 7–15 nm nickel nanoparticles was also confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction.

Study on the mechanism of the effect of biomass ash on the erosion and adhesion behavior of Al2O3 ceramic particles

Biomass coupled with photothermal gasification technology is a new type of technology using heat carriers to transfer the solar energy to supply heat, and directs the solar energy absorbed by the heat carrier to provide a continuous heat source for biomass gasification. To investigate the erosion and adhesion mechanism of cornstalk ash (CSA) on heat carriers (Al2O3 ceramic spheres) during heat transfer, ash fusion temperature analyzer (AFTA) and FactSage thermodynamics software were used to analyze the effect of alumina addition over CSA sintering from the perspective of melting point, high-temperature heating stage coupled with optical microscope system (HTSOM) was used to observe of the adhesion behavior of CSA on the surface of ceramic spheres, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as well as SEM-EDS (Scanning electron microscope - Energy dispersive spectrometer) were used to detect the mineral evolution from both matter and elements. The results showed that the sintering stage (FT-DT) of CSA extended by adding more than 5 wt% of Al2O3 to CSA. Furthermore, it was found that as the temperature increased, Al-containing minerals such as pyroxene and chalcocite were formed, which indicated the CSA began to erode the heat carrier by mineral evolution on the surface of ceramic spheres. At high temperatures (>1200 ℃), CSA completely melted to form a liquid phase that wrapped around the surface of the ceramic spheres, which played a role in insulation layer during the cooling process to reduce the cooling rate of the surface of the ceramic sphere, resulting in more evident slagging problem. At the same time, the K and Ca element in the CSA was captured by ceramic spheres. The mineral transformation between the ceramic spheres and CSA was simulated by FactSage thermodynamic software, and it was found that the addition of Al2O3 resulted in the increase of the ash melting temperature and the formation of Al-containing mineral matters such as nepheline and augite.

Effect of tri-ethylene glycol mono methyl ether and alumina additives on ignition delay in a hydrogen fuelled dual-fuel diesel engine

The diesel engine process including fuel injection, fuel spray, air and fuel mixing, ignition and combustion which influences its performance and emission characteristics. The fuel injection and fuel spray are important process as they are directly related to the quality of fuel which results into fluctuating the ignition and combustion characteristics. Ignition in a diesel engine occurs at the edge of the spray depending on the in-cylinder pressure and temperature. Experiments were conducted on a modified dual-fuel diesel engine (3.5 kW power) with fuel additives, diesel and hydrogen (gaseous fuel) at a stable speed of 1500 rpm. Spray behavior and ignition delay were analyzed to determine the impact of fuel additives in neat diesel combined with hydrogen. Additionally, for dual-fuel Cases, the ignition delay correlations provided for diesel engines have been modified as per the experimental results. The injection velocity was maximized with a 15–25% hydrogen substitution range because the fuel density was reduced to a minimum, but it was decreased with the addition of fuel additives. The SMD for hydrogen with neat diesel and diesel with fuel additives both increased up to 20% hydrogen substitution, whereas for higher hydrogen substitution, the Sauter mean diameter decreased. It was found that the addition of fuel additives in diesel resulted into an increased fuel injection velocity (3.3%) with reduced sauter mean diameter of 3.4% while with the lower substitution of H2 (15%), a maximum increment of 32% in the injection velocity was seen as compared with neat diesel operation. With 15% hydrogen substitution, the change in pressure and density of diesel along with fuel additives accommodated the optimum spray penetration equivalent to neat diesel. In all Cases of hydrogen substitution, the experimental and theoretical values obtained for the chemical ignition delay were found to be consistent with one another except for 35% H2 showing a maximum deviation of 0.2%.

Effect of nanoparticles (Al2O3 and CeO2) blended with biodiesel on combustion, performance, and emissions of a diesel engine

The increase in the utilization of fossil fuels in almost all the energy production sector badly impacts the environment because of incomplete combustion. The incomplete combustion of fuels releases soot, unburned hydrocarbon, and greenhouse gas emissions, contributing significantly to climate change. In the current experimental work, the evaluation of the effect of the addition of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in Jatropha biodiesel (B20) has been performed on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine. These nanoparticles have been added because they have a large surface area-to-volume ratio. The air-fuel mixture and the evaporation rate are enhanced, leading to improved burning. The increase in brake thermal efficiency has been observed with nanoparticles blended fuel, i.e. (B20 + 30 ppm Al2O3 + 30 ppm CeO2) by 9.354%. In contrast, drop-in oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, HC, and smoke opacity emissions were observed by 24.67%, 33.33%, 23.08%, and 34.01%, respectively, compared with pure biodiesel. Using nanoparticles in Jatropha methyl ester reduces ignition delay, increases combustion duration, and starts earlier combustion, reducing heat release rate, cylinder pressure, and pressure rise rate by 10.53, 1.994, and 3.687%, respectively, as compared to the B20 blend.

Influence of Al and Ca on the Ductility of Mg–Al–Ca Alloys

Magnesium and its alloys offer huge potential for lightweight applications. However, many Mg alloys suffer from limited room‐temperature formability. It has previously been shown that the addition of aluminium and calcium to Mg can improve ductility. Therefore, in the present work, it is aimed to systematically vary the alloying content of Al and Ca and to study their effects on the slip system activity and crystallographic texture after rolling and recrystallization. In the results, it is shown that all investigated ternary alloys in the range of 1–2 wt% Al and 0.005–0.5 wt% Ca have an increased ductility (in the range of 10–17% increase compared to pure Mg), whereas the binary Mg–Al and Mg–Ca alloys suffer from limited ductility (10% tensile elongation) and strength (175 MPa ultimate tensile strength). Non‐basal and especially <c + a>‐slip is active in all compositions (in 15–33% of the grains examined). Basal‐type textures are observed for all compositions, but with significantly weaker basal peak intensities for Ca‐containing samples when compared to pure Mg. The combination of activation of the <c + a> slip system and texture weakening is discussed as being responsible for the improved ductility of the ternary Mg–Al–Ca alloys.

Mechanical properties and corrosion protection performance of micro/nano alumina fillers coated steel

AbstractSteel is considered the most widely used metal because of its excellent strength and comparatively low‐production cost. Preventing steel corrosion will be a top priority in industry. This work investigates the influence of an epoxy resin liner to steel filled with different percentages (1, 2, and 3 wt%) of either micro or nanoparticles of alumina (Al2O3) on both bending properties and corrosion resistance. To test for barrier resistance, the coated steel samples were submerged in a citric acid and saline solution. In comparison with pure epoxy coatings, the addition of nano and micro alumina (Al2O3) particles enhanced the corrosion resistance, bending strength, and bending strain under dry and wet conditions. Furthermore, under both dry and wet circumstances, the bending strain rose dramatically with the addition of micro and nano fillers. The 1 wt% of Al2O3 nanoparticles coated steel exhibited the maximum bending strength of 492.81 and 436.9 MPa under wet and dry conditions, respectively. Moreover, the micro filled steel of 1 wt% Al2O3 micro fillers exhibited a 483.7 and 319.08 MPa bending strength under wet and dry circumstances, respectively. Stepwise graded micro/nanocomposite coatings showed good bending and corrosion properties in both dry and wet conditions.Highlights Coating is an economical means to protect steel structures from deterioration. The coating on the steel on each side is epoxy filled with 1, 2, and 3 wt% micro or nano particles of alumina (Al2O3). Bending and corrosion resistance properties of micro/nanocomposite coated specimens were investigated and compared with pure epoxy coating. The lined steel specimens were tested for corrosion resistance by immersing them in saline solution and citric acid medium. Under dry and wet conditions, the addition of alumina (Al2O3) particles to epoxy coatings enhanced the corrosion resistance, bending strength, and bending strain compared with pure coating.

Synthesis, protection performance, and failure analysis of α-Al2O3/Mo(Si,Al)2 coatings

To prepare the advanced cooling structure of hollow turbine blades, molybdenum metal core (MMC) has been proposed as a substitute for ceramic core substrate, but the protective coating needs to be redesigned to resist ablation during the shell burning process and erosion during the casting process. To this end, in this study, an α-Al2O3/Mo(Si,Al)2 barrier coating is fabricated on a molybdenum surface utilizing a two-step pack cementation process, which includes first siliconizing and then aluminizing, combined with pre-oxidation treatments. The pre-oxidation behavior of the new Mo(Si,Al)2 coating under isothermal oxidation (at 1300 °C) and step oxidation and its protection performance during the superalloy casting process are comprehensively examined. The results indicate that the as-deposited coating consists of an outer Mo(Si,Al)2 layer and an inner Al8Mo3 layer. After pre-oxidation, an admixture (SiO2▪Al2O3) monolayer is first formed on the surface of MMC. Then, internal Al2O3 emerges in the lower part of (SiO2▪Al2O3) mixture. Finally, the SiO2 → Al2O3 displacement reaction encapsulates MMC with an exclusive α-Al2O3 layer. Besides, the step oxidation process can obviously enhance the formation of external α-Al2O3 compared to the isothermal oxidation process. Unfortunately, after pre-oxidation treatment, a bulge arises at the interface of Mo(Si,Al)2 and Al8Mo3. The buckled coating induces partially destruction of the MMC coating by the alloy melt, whereas the intact coating can protect MMC during the casting process. Furthermore, the interfacial gap of MMC varies with the addition of alumina.

Effect of Aluminum Addition on the Microstructure, Magnetic, and Mechanical Properties of FeCrCoNiMn High-Entropy Alloy

High-entropy FeCoCrNiMn (C1) and FeCoCrNiMn10Al10 (C2) alloys (HEAs) were mechanically alloyed for 24 h and heated to 900 °C (C1_900 °C and C2_900 °C). The powders were also compacted into pellets (C1_pellet and C2_pellet) and sintered at 500 °C for 1 h. Crystal structure, microstructure, magnetic, and mechanical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and microindentation. During the milling process, a mixture of body-centered-cubic (BCC) and face-centered-cubic (FCC) phases with a crystallite size in the range of 9–13 nm was formed in the C1 HEA alloy. The dual FCC + BCC solid solutions remain for the C1_pellet and transform to a single FCC for the C1_900 °C powders. Al addition stabilizes the BCC structure in the FeCoCrNiMn10Al10 HEA alloy, as revealed by the structural refinement. The structure exhibits a mixture of BCC + FCC solid solutions for the C2 powders and BCC + FCC + CrCo sigma phase for the C2_pellet and C2_900 °C powders. The crystallite sizes are in the range of 6-93 nm for all the samples. The saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc), and squareness ratio (Mr/Ms) are estimated to be 24.2 emu/g, 153.62 Oe, and 0.165, respectively, for C1 and 28.45 emu/g, 188.48 Oe, and 0.172 for C2. The C1_900 °C and C2_900 °C powders exhibit, respectively, paramagnetic and soft magnetic behaviors and an exchange bias at room temperature. The C1_pellet and C2_pellet HEAs show high hardness values of 584.85 Hv and 522.52 Hv, respectively.

Effect of aluminum addition on microstructure, mechanical properties and high temperature tribological properties of nickel-rich NiTi alloy

The nickel-rich 60NiTi alloy with high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and low elastic modulus, is expected to be the next generation of bearings in aerospace applications. However, it needed the heat treatment to enhance its hardness, and the poor performance in wear and oxidation resistance at higher temperatures also limit its wide application. In this study, the effects of Hf and Al on the microstructure, mechanical properties, high-temperature tribological properties and oxidation resistance of 60Ni-40Ti alloys were studied. The results showed the Al addition reduced the precipitation of the second phases such as Ni3Ti and Ni3Ti2 in the matrix, and formed the new NiTi2, which helped improve the microhardness of the alloy. Tribological results proved that the 54Ni-40Ti-3Hf-3Al alloy obtained better tribological performance in almost all test conditions than 60NiTi and 57Ni-40Ti-3Hf, this was attributed to the formation of the dense and stable oxide glaze layer on the wear surface. The wear mechanism transitioned from abrasive wear and adhesive wear at room temperature to oxidation wear and delamination wear at 300 °C. This work provided a method to improve the wear resistance of 60NiTi alloy at high temperature.

Aging behavior of a 1.5 mol% yttria doped zirconia exhibiting optimized toughness and strength

The aging behavior of a 1.5Y-TZP with 0.25 wt% of alumina exhibiting high mechanical properties was investigated in both water vapor and in air with in situ XRD analysis. The results showed that the material exhibited a high resistance to aging in water vapor at 134 °C compared to 3Y-TZP, which is explained by the addition of alumina and a lower sintering temperature. The aging kinetics were fitted by the Mehl–Avrami–Johnson law, three stages were identified corresponding to predominance of nucleation mechanism for temperatures below 180 °C and above 340 °C and to growth mechanism for intermediate temperatures. It was shown that for the temperature range investigated in water vapor and air, the mechanism was independent on the environment. A strong influence of the cooling rate on the tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation was observed and discussed using a time–temperature-transformation diagram derived from the aging results in air.

Shielding and dosimetry parameters for aluminum carbon steel

Aluminum is lightweight durable, versatile, non-toxic, and corrosion-resistant surface, which makes aluminum a perfect material for improving the corrosion properties of aluminum-carbon steel which is important in the radiation domain. In this study, six carbon steel alloys doped with different aluminum concentrations were studied and compared with the standard austenite stainless steel AISI316L. Different parameters for shielding and dosimetry such as mass attenuation coefficient, tenth value layer, mean free path, equivalent effective atomic and electronic numbers were calculated using WinXCom, while the exposure absorption buildup factors, thermal and fast neutron removal cross-sections were calculated using MCNPX and the effective conductivity was calculated using Phy-X/PSD program. Regarding the radiation shielding performance, the addition of aluminum to the carbon alloys has a significant influence on the shielding parameters. The results suggest that the addition of aluminum to the carbon steel alloys would improve its shielding properties so that it is a good result to be used in the field of dosimetry and radiation shielding.

Investigation of thermal properties of carbon[sbnd]containing composites obtained by solid-state combustion

Carbon-containing compositions of refractory products with additives of aluminum, silicon, graphite of fractional composition have been developed and optimized, and their technical properties, as well as the phase-mineral composition, have been determined.An experimental setup has been developed to study temperature parameters in given hypothetical layers, calculated heat fluxes and temperature stresses of carbon containing products up to 1300 °C.Temperature stresses and specific heat flows are calculated at the heating rate of the working surface from 4.3 °C/min to 55 °C/min with isothermal exposure of products at 700 °C, 950 °C and 1300 °C.This study is devoted to the technology of obtaining carbon-containing refractories by solid-state combustion method (in SHS mode) with the maximum transformation of low-melting phases into refractory ones using ferroalloy metallurgy waste, as well as to the study of thermophysical properties, composition, and influence of specific heat fluxes on temperature stresses in conditional hypothetical layers obtained carbon-containing SHS refractory products.

Experimental evaluation and neural network modelling of reactivity-controlled compression ignition engine using cashew nut shell oil biodiesel-alumina nanoparticle blend and gasoline injection

The current desire is for enhanced combustion techniques that improve engine efficiency while successfully reducing emissions. Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion encompasses the ability to increase fuel efficiency and decrease oxides of nitrogen emissions compared to conventional compression ignition (CI) combustion. This study presents a novel investigation that focuses on the capabilities of the RCCI engine, utilizing a unique combination of gasoline and diesel blended with cashew nut shell oil biodiesel (CNSOB) and the addition of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. CNSOB extracted from waste shell has an oil content of 30–35 wt% yield. The cost of the oil range between is ₹. 40–50 in India. The engine operates on a blend of gasoline, known for its low reactivity, and diesel blended with CNSOB, a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative to diesel. The effects of varying proportions of the blend (B0, B50, and B100) and the addition of Al2O3 nano additive (25 and 50 ppm) on the efficiency and emissions of RCCI combustion are comprehensively analyzed experimentally. The results reveal that RCCI combustion significantly improves engine performance compared to compression ignition engines. A 2% increase in maximum in-cylinder pressure indicates improved combustion efficiency. Furthermore, fuel economy is improved by up to 2% due to increased engine brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Further, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are reduced by up to 54% during RCCI combustion, demonstrating its potential for reducing pollution. Utilizing CNSOB biodiesel results in a 50% reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions as well as a 17% reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. This indicates improved air quality and reduces environmental pollution. The incorporation of Al2O3 nano additives into the RCCI engine results in a 5% reduction in brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), showing better engine energy efficiency. Based on the results of the investigation, a neural network framework was developed. The neural network framework was developed to replicate both the efficiency and pollution parameters of the RCCI engine using the experimentally determined relationship between input factors and output parameters. The neural network model was trained using 70% of the available data, and its performance was evaluated by comparison of predictions with the corresponding observations from experiments. The forecast outcomes matched those of the trial, demonstrating the artificial neural network (ANN) models effectiveness and precision in predicting the engine performance and emissions.

Novel composite membrane based on recycled low-density polyethylene-alumina used for vacuum membrane distillation

BackgroundPlastic materials have a significant impact on the entire environment. Very relevant ideas in different areas with the aim of enhancing these materials and making them effective in our daily lives. In this context, our work in this article by using plastic materials in the manufacture of hydrophobic membranes realized in our Laboratory LEEP Enig Gabes Tunisia, followed by various analyses. These membranes are made of a Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene polymer by means of the Thermal Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) method by using solvents such as Butyl Acetate, non-solvent Hexane with the addition of Alumina at different concentrations to increase porosity.ResultsHydrophobic membranes are coupled to the vacuum still to test their performance. An analytical study by FTIR was done. Contact angle, pore size, porosity, mechanical test, bubble point pressure, AFM and SEM analysis. The results revealed that the addition of alumina had an important role in improving the structure, properties and therefore the performance of the membrane.ConclusionsThe membrane already prepared admits according to the analyzes tested a good porosity, hydrophobicity.