Alternative Planting Research Articles

Application of Combined Coffee Skin Husk Biochar and Rice Husk Charcoal as Planting Media to Improve on the Growth Seedling Coffee

Abstract Coffee is a plantation commodity in great demand and has a fairly good economic value. One way to get good coffee is to see good cultivation methods, especially in its nursery. Good nurseries can utilize Biochar coffee skin and rice husks. This study aims to obtain quality coffee seeds by creating an alternative biochar planting media formulation derived from coffee skin waste and rice husk charcoal. The main ingredients for making biochar are agricultural and plantation wastes such as rice husk charcoal and coffee fruit skin. This study used a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The treatment factor used was a mixture of rice husk charcoal media with coffee husk biochar comprising 5 treatment levels. Each treatment was repeated 5 times, so there were 25 experimental units. The experimental analysis used was the Analysis of variance. The further test used the LSD test. The results showed that the treatment of a mixture of coffee husk and rice husk biochar affected the stem diameter plant and the number of leaf plants.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT FOR TRANSPLANTING SUGARCANE (Saccharum spp. Hybrids) SPROUTS

Manual planting of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrids) in Mexico is slow and eye-bud germination is deficient. Alternative planting methods have to be adopted in order to improve sugarcane field productivity. This work score the field performance of a tractor mounted planter prototype when transplanting two months old nursery growth sugarcane (Saccharum spp) sprouts, in relation to parameters; sound sprouts treatments, row separation between seedlings, up right placement into the soil, appropriate soil covering and field uniformity at planting. This mechanical equipment was trialed when operating on a readily soil tilled for sugarcane planting, although slightly stoned on the surface. Tractor and implement combination was set to travel at a field speed of 0.3 m s-1 when laying seedlings into the row at 900 mm separation. Transplanting separation between seedlings onto the row had a variation of 3.4%. When assisted by two laborers for planting, the tractor and implement combination can achieve a field capacity of 2.5 ha day-1. Thus, for a field capacity of 2 ha day-1 and operating a 120 workdays per planting season, investment on the machine can be claimed in two years’ time. Consequently, planting of sugarcane sprouts by using the planter prototype is up to eight times more economical when compared to manual transplanting.

Combining thinning and diverse plantings to adapt to climate-change-induced timber supply shortage in British Columbia

Forestry is an important component of Canada’s economy with British Columbia (BC) contributing almost half to the national roundwood production. Yet, the country’s timber supply and forest economy are threatened by climate change, with increased frequency and severity of natural disturbances and changes in forest productivity. Mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks are endemic in BC, but the latest climate change-driven outbreak has resulted in a cumulative loss of over half of all merchantable pine, leading to a mid-term timber supply shortage. In this study, we investigate the potential of commercial thinning and alternative planting regimes based on species diversification and assisted species migration to mitigate the anticipated decrease in timber supply in BC. We simulated the long-term effects of these management options in a case study area in interior BC, using a toolbox that combines management- and research-oriented data and models. We found that combining commercial thinning and species diversification has the best potential to mitigate future timber supply shortages in BC. We discuss the limits of this toolbox approach and identify research needs and recommendations for future studies aiming at modelling cumulative effects of management, climate change, and natural disturbances on timber supply.

The application of seed priming agents in enhancing drought resilience of rice: a comprehensive review

Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) serves as a staple food for over half of the world’s population, and its production is vital for global food security. However, the increasing demand for rice is threatened by the rising occurrence of drought stress, driven by erratic rainfall patterns attributed to unpredictable global climate. Drought stress can significantly affect rice at various growth stages, with seed germination being particularly vulnerable due to reduced water intake. Direct Seeded Rice (DSR), an alternative planting technology, offers water efficiency and cost savings but faces challenges like poor stand establishment. Seed priming, a technique that enhances seedling emergence and early growth, has proven to be a practical approach for improving rice tolerance under suboptimal conditions, including drought. The present article is intended to discuss (i) the mechanism and benefits of seed priming, (ii) seed priming techniques, potential agents, and effectiveness factors, (iii) the mechanism of seed priming to improve drought tolerance, (iv) challenges and opportunities, to promote the seed priming strategy as a future, cost-effective research tool to increase rice yield and productivity under drought stress.

Increasing the Economic Value of Hydrogel as an Alternative Planting Media at Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Muhammadiyah Sidomulyo

Hydrogel technology can be used as a solution for indoor growing media. Hydrogel is a three-dimensional polymer network with cross-linked hydrophilic polymers, which are capable of swelling or storing water and physiological solutions up to thousands of times their dry weight, and are not easily soluble. To increase knowledge about ornamental plant cultivation using hydrogel media, a service was carried out by using partners at the Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Muhammadiyah Sidomulyo. This service aims to provide solutions to partners in the form of alternative hydrogel-based planting media made from alginate that are environmentally friendly which can be used as moisture and nutrient control agents. This goal is achieved through outreach activities, training, and the application of alternative planting media on ornamental plants. The target of the results to be achieved is to increase the economic value of hydrogels and to foster the entrepreneurial spirit of the students of Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Muhammadiyah Sidomulyo.

Screening of low-Cd-accumulating and Cd-remediating oilseed rape varieties using a newly indicator system for risk management of Cd-contaminated agricultural land

Although oilseed rape is frequently used as an alternative planting crop in the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated agricultural land, methods for screening excellent oilseed rape varieties in this regard are inadequate. Herein, we developed a screening method that incorporates Cd accumulation, distribution, and removal, economic output, adaptability to Cd-contaminated agricultural land, and trace element variation. A Cd-adaptability index (Cd-AI) based on 10 agronomic traits was used to measure the adaptability of varieties to Cd-contaminated agricultural land. Moreover, to simplify the evaluation of adaptability, yield, biomass, and pod number with high weightings were selected to construct a discriminant function for Cd-contaminated agricultural land adaptability (correctly classified 94.20%). In a 2 year field trial, we evaluated 225 oilseed rape varieties, among which we identified two promising low-Cd-accumulating and two Cd-remediating varieties. For the low-Cd-accumulating varieties (HuYou17 and DeXingYou558), we obtained grain bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values of 0.07 and 0.08, BAFsoil-stalk values of <1, and economic outputs of RMB 25,054 and 32,292 yuan hm−2, respectively. Similarly, the Cd-remediating varieties (ZaoZa8 and YuYou61) were characterized by BAFsoil-stalk values of 4.65 and 3.61, BAFsoil-grain values of 0.16 and 0.16, Cd removals of 69.02 and 58.25 g hm−2, and economic outputs of RMB 31,189 and 24,962 yuan hm−2, respectively. Compared with the control variety, we detected lower uptakes of multiple trace elements (3–43%) in the low-Cd-accumulating varieties, whereas the Cd-remediating varieties were characterized by 15.40% and 8.30% increases in the accumulation of magnesium and zinc, respectively. Our findings augment the evaluation indices used for evaluating oilseed rape varieties and provide valuable insights from the perspectives of varietal screening and promotional application. The effective varieties identified have application potential for safe production and the remediation of agricultural land without interrupting annual agricultural production, and provide an economically sustainable approach for the utilization of Cd-contaminated agricultural land.

Growth of Cut-Grafting Robusta Coffee Seeds Utilizing Orthotropic and Plagiotropic Rootstocks with Application Bacillus and Pseudomonas Mixture

Vegetative propagation by cut-grafting has the advantage of being able to obtain seeds that inherit two superior traits from two scion clones in a relatively short time. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of using orthotropic and plagiotropic rootstocks applied by Bacillus and Pseudomonas on the early growth of robusta coffee seedlings from cut grafting. The method used was by using a completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors and was repeated 3 times. The first factor was the use of rootstock cuttings which consisted of 2 levels, which were S1 (orthotropic stem) and S2 (plagiotropic stem). The second factor was the concentration of Bacillus and Pseudomonas which consisted of 5 levels, which were B0 (0 ml/L), B1 (20 ml/L), B2 (40 ml/L), B3 (60 ml/L) and B4 (80 ml/L). The results showed that (1) there was no interaction between the use of variatic rootstock and the application of the biological agent (2) The use of orthotropic rootstock increased plant growth, that is the number of primary roots and the number of leaves and (3) Application of the biological agent of Bacillus and Pseudomonas with concentrations of B4 increased seedling growth on all observed parameters except the number of shoots. Based on the results of this research, the benefit for coffee planters is to obtain alternative planting materials, namely from orthotropic branches. For further research, the use of orthotropic branch planting material as a scion plant can be investigated.

Aerial bulbils as garlic alternative planting materials, a systematic review

Aerial bulbils as garlic alternative planting materials, a systematic review

Substitution of Eco Enzyme in AB Mix on Growth and Weight of Red Spinach

Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a vegetable that has quite high nutritional value and is liked by many Indonesian people. The content contained in red spinach is protein, vitamin A, vitamin C and mineral salts and contains anthocyanins which can cure anemia. Awareness of the importance of consuming vegetables for health has led to increased consumption of red spinach. Along with the existence of agricultural land which is increasingly limited and food needs must be met, it is necessary to do alternative hydroponic planting with a wick system. This study aims to determine the effect of Eco Enzyme substitution at AB Mix concentrations on the growth and weight of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) in hydroponic wick systems. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications which were carried out for 28 days. Parameters measured were the growth of red spinach including plant height, number of leaves and leaf width and wet weight of red spinach plants. The data obtained were analyzed by 5% ANOVA and followed by 5% Duncan's test. The results showed that substitution of Eco Enzyme at concentrations of AB Mix significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, leaf width and wet weight of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) plants in hydroponic wick systems.

Growth and quality of 16-year-old sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) planted in traditional and alternative row planting patterns

Abstract Traditional oak silviculture is costly due to high initial planting density required to obtain management goals of producing high quality timber. New methods therefore reduce the initial planting density and use a planting pattern that allows the inclusion of naturally regenerated trees of other species. The study presents the results of a 13-year experiment on the growth and quality of sessile oak planted in traditional and three alternative planting patterns. We hypothesized that increasing of initial spacing and use of natural regeneration to compensate for lower intra-specific competition does not deteriorate growth and quality parameters of oak. Breast height diameter, height, slenderness, height of the first live branch, diameter of the thickest branch, stem shape and potential future crop oak trees (PFCT) were measured and analysed. The local competition of admixture species was estimated on the basis of the relationship between the height of the oak and the height of admixture trees in its close proximity. The type of planting pattern had no significant effect on oak diameter, but oak height was greater in the traditional pattern than in alternative patterns. Height of the first live branch was the only qualitative trait that differed significantly between the compared planting patterns. The probability of an oak being selected as a PFCT was similar in traditional and alternative patterns, but PFCT absolute number was increasing with an increase of oak planting density. Analysis of competition of admixture species in alternative methods shows that it can reduce height, diameter and stability of oaks. On the other hand, the probability of trees being selected as a PFCT increases significantly with increasing interspecific competition. We conclude that, with controlled competition and at least moderate natural regeneration, the alternative planting patterns can produce oaks with similar growth and quality to those in the traditional pattern.

CALENDAR FOR PLANTING SEAWEED EUCHEUMA SP. IN MALLASORO BAY, JENEPONTO DISTRICT, BASED ON LANDSAT-8 IMAGES

Seaweed cultivation activities in Jeneponto Regency have been practised for a long time and have become the main livelihood for most of the Mallasoro Bay community. In cultivating seaweed, obstacles often arise in the form of failures experienced by seaweed farmers or poor-quality yields. This study was aimed to develop alternative planting calendars for Eucheuma sp. in Mallasoro Bay, Jeneponto Regency based on sea surface temperature and distribution of chlorophyll-a obtained from Landsat-8 imagery. Image Processing Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a were processed using ENVI 4.8 AND 5.3 software, the satellite images used were clean and without cloud disturbance. In this study, data analysis was carried out descriptively. The water temperature that is good for seaweed growth is 27-30˚C, for Mallasoro Bay Sea Surface Temperature which is suitable for seaweed cultivation, namely April, May, June, July, August, September, October and November. While the classification is based on the criteria for chlorophyll-a trophic status in marine waters, namely the range &lt; 1 mg/L is classified as Oligotrophic, ≥ 1–3 mg/L is classified as Mesotrophic, ≥ 3–5 mg/L is classified as Eutrophic, and &gt; 5 mg/L is classified as Hypertrophic. , from the results of image analysis for the distribution of chlorophyll-a in Mallasoro Bay, it shows that Mallasoro Bay is at the Mesotrophic level throughout the year or the fertility level of the waters is quite fertile because it is in the range of ≥ 1–3 mg/L. so that a seaweed planting calendar can be obtained in Mallasoro Bay, namely in January, February and December, preparation of tools such as cleaning and repair of seaweed planting tools can be carried out, then at the end of March, the end of May, the end of July and the end of September, the procurement of seaweed seeds is carried out. , in early April, early June, early August, and early October, seaweed seeds can be spread, then in mid-May, mid-July, mid-September, and mid-November, harvesting can be carried out, so that seaweed cultivation can be carried out 4 times in one year. cycle.

Alternative planting patterns of film-mulching cotton for alleviating plastic residue pollution in Aksu oasis, southern Xinjiang

Plastic film mulching has been adopted for cotton production for nearly 30 years in Xinjiang, China, plastic residues accumulate in the soil at extremely high levels, which has resulted in severe negative influences on the soil environment and natural ecosystem. Hence, it is necessary to develop new cultivation patterns for future sustainable agricultural production. The present method of drip irrigation with film mulching (FMDI) pattern may be replaced by drip irrigation without mulching (WMDI) pattern. The paper aims to evaluate the cotton growth, yield, and economic profits under WMDI and FMDI based on field observation and simulation of the AquaCrop model. Cotton yield under WMDI was 26.21% lower than that under FMDI, and the increasing irrigation rate reduced the yield gap between FMDI and WMDI. The FMDI cultivation pattern also presented more interannual stability of cotton biomass and yield than the WMDI pattern, with the average coefficient of variation decreasing by 25.47% and 10.71%, respectively. The costs of plastic film and fertilizer application were reduced by 100% and 15.38%, respectively, when replacing FMDI with WMDI, but the inputs increased by 42.86% and 26.06%, respectively, in seed application and field management. The decrease in cotton yield, ranging from 4.53% to 16.23%, resulted in a remarkable decrease in the economic benefits of cotton production. The results suggest that, although several obstacles exist to large-area popularization and application of the WMDI pattern at present, the WMDI pattern is a viable method to maintain sustainable development of cotton production and reduce plastic debris pollution in Xinjiang oasis areas and similar regions.

Optimum Basic Seedling Density and Yield and Quality Characteristics of Unmanned Aerial Seeding Rice

Unmanned aerial seeding (UAS) is an efficient unmanned rice planting method with broad application prospects. But its optimum basic seedling number and yield and quality characteristics remain unclear. Field experiments were conducted to compare UAS, unmanned dry direct seeding (UDDS), and unmanned carpet transplanting (UCT) methods using inbred japonica rice variety Nanjing 5718. The UAS method was subdivided into four planting density treatments (UAS105, UAS150, UAS195, and UAS240 = 105, 150, 195, and 240 seedlings/m2, respectively). The results showed that increasing the basic seedling density first increased the yield but then it decreased, and UAS195 produced a significantly higher yield. On the other hand, the grain processing, appearance, and taste quality deteriorated with improved nutritional quality. Among the three planting methods, UAS (UAS195) yielded less than UCT due to there being fewer spikelets per panicle, a lower grain-filling rate, and less photosynthetic activity after heading. However, UAS (UAS195) produced more yields than UDDS by having more panicles, more spikelets per panicle, and more biomass accumulation. Both UAS195 and UDDS had poorer grain processing, appearance, and nutritional quality than UCT, but increased amylose content and taste values. Therefore, UAS195 could be an alternative planting method for inbred japonica rice with coordinated yield, quality, and production efficiency.

Spatio-temporal variability and rainfall trend affects seasonal calendar of maize production in southern central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Understanding rainfall variability is important to establish crop calendar related agronomic decisions. To this end, we defined start and end of seasons, analyzed dry spell and evaluated conditional risks of alternative planting dates using a thirty years daily rainfall data across southern central rift valley of Ethiopia. Results showed that the probability of annual rainfall being greater than 1000 mm was 97, 24, 94, and 61%, in Dilla, Bilate, Shamana, and Hawassa clusters, respectively. The variability of annual total rainfall in the lowland areas of Dilla and Bilate was above 25%, whereas for Shamana and Hawassa was below 20%. Variability of seasonal rainfall during FMAM was 33.7%, which is higher than ONDJ (27.1%) and JJAS (27.9%), which could lead to maize plants suffering moisture stress during FMAM season. The onset of rains had variability of 29.2, 19.5, 17.5 and 26.5%, and also LGP showed variability of 22.8, 22.1, 21.2 and 20.3% in Shamana, Bilate, Hawassa, and Dilla clusters, respectively. Moreover Shamana, Bilate, Hawassa and Dilla clusters are hit by agricultural drought in one out of 2.61, 2.3, 2.5 and 2.5 years, respectively. Model based analysis of conditional risk of farmers planting dates also showed a success rate of less than 10, 7, 40 and 63% for maize variety in Shamana, Bilate, Hawassa and Dilla clusters, respectively. However, the success rate of risk taker farmers’ is higher than anticipated by the model. The farmers who take risk were encouraged in Shamana cluster by local edaphic, physiographic, socioeconomic and climatic differences. Hence, there is a need to seek real time local agro-metrological advisory and follow the necessary tactical and strategic farming decisions. Moreover, there is also a need to incorporate local factors with modern climate models to obtain synchronized calendar estimates.

Influence of Sheep’s Wool Vegetation Mats on the Plant Growth of Perennials

Vegetation mats for horticulture and landscaping usually consist of coconut fibre and straw. They have hardly any available nutrients and serve only as a carrier material for plant growth. Water capacity is low. By incorporating raw sheep‘s wool, nutrients, such as nitrogen, potassium, and sulphur can positively influence the nutrient content of the carrier material. Water storage and water holding capacity are increased by the wool. In this study, three different thick-layered vegetation mats with different proportions of sheep’s wool and coir fibres were developed for the pre-cultivation of perennials. The focus is on the evaluation of sheep’s wool as a carrier material compared to pure coconut fibre as well as the plant growth of the eight perennial species used (Achillea clypeolata ‘Moonshine’, Achnatherum calamagrostis ‘Algäu’, Anaphalis triplinervis, Aster dumosus ‘Prof. Anton Kippenberg’, Aster dumosus ‘Silberball’, Centranthus ruber ‘Coccineus’, Coreopsis verticillata, Salvia nemorosa ‘Rosakönigin’). The vegetation mats with sheep’s wool (V1–V3) contained 192.6, 154.0, and 283.5 g nitrogen (N)/m2 and the coir mats (V4) contained 7.5 g N/m2. The water content ranged from 16.0 to 22.1 vol% for the sheep’s wool mats and 12.6 vol% for the coir mat at pF1 (is equal to matrix potential at −10 hPa). The air content ranged from 71.9 to 77.0 vol% for the sheep’s wool mat and 79.4 vol% for the coir mat at pF1. On all vegetation mats containing sheep’s wool, the overall impression of the perennials was better than in the control. Especially good were Asters. At the end of the trial, the assessment scores of Asters on the sheep’s wool mats were two scores higher than on the coir mat. Aster dumosus ‘Prof. Anton Kippenberg’ achieved an average plant height between 35.8, 35.8, and 36.5 cm on the sheep’s wool mats and 14.4 cm on the coir mat. Aster dumosus ‘Silberball’ yielded 41.3, 42.3, and 44 cm on the sheep’s wool mats and 26.7 cm on the coir mat. No significant differences regarding plant height between the different variants of sheep’s wool mats emerged. Therefore, these mats can be used as alternative planting concepts for landscaping.

Multi-objective optimization for integrated sugarcane cultivation and harvesting planning

Sugarcane and its by-products make a relevant contribution to the world economy. In particular, the sugar-energy industry is affected by the timing of sugarcane cultivation and harvesting from which sucrose and bio-energy are produced. We address this issue by proposing a mixed-integer non-linear programming model to schedule planting and harvesting operations for different varieties of sugarcane. The decisions to be made include the choice of sugarcane varieties to be grown on a given set of plots, the periods for their cultivation, the subsequent harvesting periods, and the type of harvesting equipment. These decisions are subject to various constraints related to matching cultivation periods with harvesting periods according to the maturity cycles of the selected sugarcane varieties, the availability of harvesting machinery, the demand for sucrose and fiber, and further technical requirements. The tactical cultivation and harvesting plans to be determined account for three conflicting objectives, namely maximization of the total sucrose and fiber production, minimization of the total time devoted to harvesting, and minimization of the total cost of transporting the harvesting equipment. We develop a tailored exact method based on the augmented Chebyshev scalarization technique extended with a mechanism for identifying an initial feasible integer solution that greatly helps reduce the computational effort for obtaining Pareto-optimal solutions. Our computational study with instances that reflect the current cultivation and harvesting practices in Brazil demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. In addition, a comparative analysis reveals the trade-offs achieved by alternative planting and harvesting schedules, thereby facilitating the decision-making process.

RESPONSE OF Sansevieria trifasciata TO TYPES OF PLANTING MEDIA IN KOKEDAMA PERFORMANCE

Kokedama is an art of planting from Japan with element of beauty. Kokedama is a form of biopot with function as planting media and a place to grow a plant. There no many Indonesian has familiar with kokedama techniques and currently the demand for kokedama production training is getting high interest from the public. Planting media as an important thing that must be considered so that plants can grow optimally. Meanwhile, the standard of planting media in kokedama technique has not been found. The purpose of this research is to find the most ideal composition of kokedema planting media for Sansevieria. This research was conducted indoors by using a completely randomized design (CRD) one factor namely the planting media. The result of this research that sphagnum moss was the most ideal planting media for Sansevieria. Alternative planting media to substitute of sphagnum moss with the same performance was the composition of the soil, manure, husk charcoal, and coconut fiber (1: 2: 1: 1).

Potential Utilization of Catfish Wastewater, Livestock Manure and Waste of Fish as Media and Nutrition for Organic Hydroponic

Organic Hydroponics is cultivation on a planting medium without soil with a source of nutrients obtained from the decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms. Catfish cultivation wastewater and agricultural waste can be used as an alternative planting medium and a source of nutrients in organic hydroponic cultivation systems. This study aimed to determine the plant nutrient content in catfish culture wastewater added with cow dung, chicken manure, trash fish waste, and catfish waste; and to determine the growth of mustard greens and lettuce which were cultivated hydroponically in a growing medium of catfish wastewater added with cow dung, chicken manure, trash fish waste, and catfish waste. The results showed that the solution of catfish culture wastewater added with catfish waste contained nutrients N 220.0 ppm, P 166.3 ppm K 154.4 ppm Ca 65.9 ppm Fe 4.4 ppm; catfish culture wastewater added with trash fish waste contains 50.0 ppm N; P 10.8 ppm; K 173.4 ppm; Ca 219.4 ppm and Fe 3.2 ppm; catfish culture wastewater added with cow dung contained nutrients N 300.0 ppm, P 293.4ppm K 1026.8 ppm Ca 413.6 ppm Fe 64.9 ppm, while those given chicken manure included N 100.0 ppm; P 76.1 ppm; K 471.1ppm; Ca 299.9ppm and Fe 27.3ppm. While catfish culture wastewater contains 55.2 ppm of N nutrients; P 6.4 ppm; K 7.0 ppm; Ca 14.2 ppm; Fe 0.4 ppm. The growth of lettuce in the growing media of catfish culture wastewater given trash fish and catfish was relatively the same, namely 37.7% and 37.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the growth of mustard pakcoy grown on planting media given chicken manure (47.6%) was higher than the growth of mustard pakcoy grown on cow dung (33.3%). The addition of 50% ABmix nutrients increased the growth of mustard pakcoy on media that was given chicken manure by 81.7%; pakcoy on media that was given cow dung waste by 74.8%; Meanwhile, the addition of ABmix 50% nutrients increased the growth of lettuce on media that was given catfish meal by 64.4%, and on media that was given trash fish meal by 61.9%. Research shows a high potential for using organic waste as a medium and source of organic hydroponic cultivation fertilizer.

Synergistic effects of nitrogen and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria inoculation on the growth, physiological traits and nutrient absorption of intercropped Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis and Dalbergia odorifera

Key messageLegume/nonlegume intercropping systems equipped with moderate nitrogen (N) application and PGPR inoculation could be exploited in eucalyptus growing areas and degraded land as an ecologically sustainable system to avoid excessive fertilization and enhance nitrogen use efficiency.Hazardous nitrogenous fertilizers in eucalyptus monocultures are challenging for the balance between eucalyptus wood production and ecological service functions. To assess whether plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation coupled with N application may improve plant growth by increasing biomass, photosynthesis, soil nutrient supply, and nutrient uptake capacity in the intercropping system. A pot experiment was performed to evaluate the synergistic effects of N application and N-fixing PGPR on growth, physiological parameters, N accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in intercropped Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (E. urophylla × E. grandis) and Dalbergia odorifera (D. odorifera). N fertilization positively influenced the plant height, dry matter yield, photosynthetic characteristics, N accumulation and nitrate reductase activity of E. urophylla × E. grandis under both inoculations. The growth and physiological traits of D. odorifera improved under the N2 (6 g N pot−1) application level. E. urophylla × E. grandis inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum IOC 113-2 showed higher values for plant height, biomass accumulation, N accumulation and photosynthesis with N fertilization, but the growth and physiological parameters of D. odorifera responded differentially to different inoculation treatments. The results demonstrated that an appropriate N supply in combination with N-fixing PGPR inoculation of legumes could increase nutrient absorption, NUE and yield advantages in intercropped E. urophylla × E. grandis and D. odorifera; thus, this method could be recommended as an alternative planting system under N-limited conditions in agroecosystems.

Persuasive Communication of SintuwuGo Green Hydroponic Community in Community Empowerment Efforts in Palu City

Hydroponic plants are one of the alternative planting methods that are currently quite popular. For people who are constrained by land that is not so large and the soil is not fertile, the hydroponic method can be one of the options for profitable farming business, which can improve the welfare of the community. As a new system, the promotion requires a lot of effort to persuade the society adopt the method. This study will look at the Persuasive communication used to reach and attract public participation in Hydroponic method. The research uses qualitative descriptive research, which focus on the Sintuwu Gogreencommunity as a research subject. The result shows that to persuade people participating in hydroponic planting, the government use some experts which not only expert in hydroponic but also as a public speakers. Social media is also better used as an alternative medium for persuasive communication because of its unlimited nature and can be accessed anywhere and anytime. The Sintuvu Go Green Community uses any kind of social media such as Facebook and Instagram. This two media has been actively promote their products and their activity. This way will attract not only hydroponic product buyers, but also new farmers.