Alternative Movement Research Articles

Governing the soil: natural farming and bionationalism in India

This article examines India’s response to the global soil health crisis. A longstanding centre of agricultural production and innovation, India has recently launched an ambitious soil health programme. The country’s Soil Health Card (SHC) Scheme intervenes in farm-scale decisions about efficient fertiliser use, envisioning farmers as managers and soil as a substrate for production. India is also home to one of the world’s largest alternative agriculture movements: natural farming. This puts farmer expertise at the centre of soil fertility and attends to the wider ecological health of soils. Despite emerging as a mode of resistance to dominant agricultural systems, natural farming is now being delivered in increasingly bureaucratic ways by India’s state governments. This article offers Himachal Pradesh as a case study in how the soil is governed, drawing on 38 semi-structured interviews with scientists, agricultural officers, non-governmental organisation leaders, and activists. Rather than assess approaches to soil health according to their ecological bottom line, we examine the differing forms of knowledge, expertise and ‘truth’ in the SHC and Natural Farming approaches. Our analysis reveals discontinuities in how farmers are imagined, as well as continuities in how quasi-spiritual language combines in a bionationalist project, positing assumptions about the correct arrangement of life in nationalist terms. We point to a shift toward hybrid and pick-and-mix approaches to soil health, as farmers and their organisers are increasingly invested with the capacities to combine multiple options. We see a fracturing of expertise and the opening up of epistemic pluralism in responses to the soil fertility crisis.

Barru Literacy Community as the Alternative Literacy Movement: A Study on Cultivating Reading Literacy toward Society in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province

Currently, technological developments have significant impact on people's lives. This development must also be followed by the mentality and readiness of the community to deal with it. One form of effort to keep pace with technological developments is through literacy-based community empowerment. This research focuses on community empowerment through cultivating reading literacy as a step in facing the challenges of the times while creating quality community characters based on literacy skills. Aspects of discussion in this research are alternative literacy movement carried out by the Barru Membaca community in the process of cultivating reading literacy among the people of Barru District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province and responds of the community to the presence of the Barru Membaca community. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with informants. The data analysis technique used is data collection, reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the process of cultivating reading literacy carried out by the Barru Membaca community had been running systematically, efficiently and independently, starting from the planning process of reading literacy acculturation programs, to the program evaluation stage in improving human resources literacy skills.

Propaganda Cinema As a Polıtıcal Communication Tool and an Example from the Early Republic: "Heart of Turkey: Ankara"

En basit anlamıyla siyasal iletişim, bir ikna etme sürecidir. Ancak “propaganda” söz konusu olduğunda bu ikna süreci, hem gerçeğin hem de kitlelerin zihinsel düzleminin taammüden ve sistematik olarak yeniden inşasına dönük bir çabaya karşılık gelmektedir. İnsanın iktidar mücadelesinin kaçınılmaz bir tezahürü olan propagandaya has tür ve tekniklerin etkisi, kitlesel ölçekli propaganda aygıtlarının sahneye çıkması ile doruğa ulaşmıştır. Bu süreçte, başlı başına ideolojik bir aygıt olan sinema, propagandatif pratiklere uygunluğu ile öne çıkmaktadır. Pek çok ülkede filmler, mevcut politik düzeni tahkim etmekte ya da alternatif politik hareketlere ilham kaynağı olmaktadır. Politik süreçlerin ve ulusal kimlik inşasına yönelik gayretlerin sinemasal anlatılarla desteklendiği yirminci yüzyılın buhran dönemlerinde, genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti de, bir eğitim ve aydınlatma faaliyeti olarak gördüğü sinemanın propaganda etkisinden istifade etmek istemiştir. Bu amaçla bizzat Atatürk’ün talimatı ile Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşunun onuncu yılı kutlamaları çerçevesinde, Sovyet yönetmenler Sergei Yutkeviç ve Lev Arnstam tarafından çekilen “Türkiye’nin Kalbi: Ankara” (1934) filmi, Yeni Türkiye’nin kendisini ülke içi ve dışında tanıtma çabasına sinemasal bir katkı sunmuş; ayrıca Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarına dair paha biçilmez bir görsel materyal oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada, bir siyasal iletişim aracı olarak propaganda sinemasının gelişimi ve önemi üzerinde durulmuş; ülkemizde bu alanda sayılı örneklerden birini oluşturan ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin modernleşme yolculuğuna sinemasal bir tanıklık sunmakta olan “Türkiye’nin Kalbi: Ankara” filmi, anlatısına hâkim olan propagandatif unsurlar bakımından ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır.

Pesantren’s Politics and Policy in Bilingual Actualization Amidst The New Normal Era at PP Al-Iman Putri Ponorogo

The emergence of the da'wa movement shifted the political position in the Islamic struggle as an alternative political movement in realizing the idea of Islamic struggle. These new developments encourage the emergence of new developments of political thought among santri. Moreover, during the current Covid-19 pandemic, new political policies have emerged and rearranged the policy order to suit the current situation. Thus, a new habit emerges called the new normal in the pesantren setting. Likewise, one of the pesantren in Ponorogo, Pondok Pesantren Al-Iman Putri, has one of the featured programs for santri equipped with bilingual. It is Arabic and English. It is expected that santri will master Islamic religious knowledge and compete globally. The results showed that the politics and policies of pesantren implemented bilingualism during the new normal period at PP Al-Iman Putri Ponorogo. It prepared standard operating procedures enforced in it and adjusted to health protocols.

FICINO AND FANTASY: IMAGINATION IN RENAISSANCE ART AND THEORY FROM BOTICELLI TO MICHELANGELO. By Marieke J. E.van denDoel. Aries Book Series. Texts and Studies in Western Esotericism, 29. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2022. Pp. xxii + 368. Hardback, $209.00.

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 48, Issue 2 p. 281-282 Short Reviews of Recent Publications: New and Alternative Religious Movements FICINO AND FANTASY: IMAGINATION IN RENAISSANCE ART AND THEORY FROM BOTICELLI TO MICHELANGELO Marieke J. E. Doel. Aries Book Series. Texts and Studies in Western Esotericism, 29. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2022. Pp. xxii + 368. Hardback, $209.00. First published: 13 June 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/rsr.15801Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume48, Issue2June 2022Pages 281-282 RelatedInformation

OCCUPATIONAL DIVISION AND CONTEMPORARY CHANGES IN INDIA

Occupational divisions in any country are understood largely as change in the activities of the membersin a given society and the way to earn their livelihood. Mostly, the change is observed in terms of changes in the distribution activities in the socio-economic structure of the society. India is a traditional caste-based society and so it is pertinent to describe occupational activities in terms of socio-cultural rather than the socio-economic structure. The socio-cultural implications of these occupational changes of the communities’ opted alternative occupational options and understanding their development, requires interrelations of various aspects with holistic approach. The researchers felt that there is inadequacy of empirical studies relating to socio-cultural, economic and political attributes of different occupational groups. The point of departure of this paper is the caste affirmation and its ramifications on traditional communities by claiming their traditional occupations for new social identity. This affirmation in turn is expected to lead to a shift in the socio-political relationships of the community with the other dominant communities in social hierarchy. In India, occupational changes are taking place more widely than statistical changes and emerging with alternative social movement. This paper also critically analyses the existing caste theories, lacuna in the existing nomenclature, and gives a glimpse of Constitutional Privileges and their reflection on contemporary Government Orders (GOs) with special reference to a community (Scheduled Caste) in Tamil Nadu (State in South India). The paper empirically validates the emerging alternative collective social movement of a community, their social status through traditional occupation, knowledge system and their resistance to inclusion in the existing nomenclature

Doubt and Desire

Doubt and Desire

Manajemen Kurikulum dalam Bingkai Moderasi Beragama di Era Digital di Ma’had Al-Jami’ah Ulil Absar IAIN Ponorogo

The political position in the Islamic struggle was shifted by the emergence of the da'wah movement as an alternative political movement to realise the idea of ​​​​Islamic struggle. These new developments encourage the emergence of new developments of political thought among young people. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the religious perspective that does not lean towards young people's extreme right or left. At IAIN Ponorogo, students who participate in the ma'had program are given the provisions included in the curriculum of Ma'had Al-Jami'ah Ulil Absar. Students who join the ma'had program are known as mahasantri. They are expected to develop themselves and compete in the digitalization era without leaving their Islamic creed. This paper will discuss curriculum management in the religious moderation framework in the digitalization era at Ma'had Al-Jami'ah Ulil Absar IAIN Ponorogo. This article employs descriptive-qualitative research. It provides descriptions of the field's background, characteristics, and distinctive characters. The data describes the description of the activities or behaviour of the subject and other documents obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that general curriculum management within the framework of religious moderation includes planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating curriculum. The religious moderation program was actualized online every Saturday, guided by Muallim, who already have a certificate of religious moderation. Even though there are many obstacles in learning religious moderation online, it does not dampen the enthusiasm of the students to continue learning and participating in religious moderation studies with the hope that students will be able to understand and practice religion side by side with other religions without any religious disputes and be able to spread Islam digitally.

Effectiveness of Belly Dance in Reducing Women's Pain in Labor through Coupling Style

One alternative that pregnant women usually use is belly dance. This exercise has provided a high sense of self-confidence for pregnant women. This research will be carried out to see the relationship between belly dance and labor pain in the first stage of the active phase. The design of this research is cross-sectional. The results of this study then found a relationship between coping styles and the active phase I labor pain scale. There is no relationship between belly dance and the labor pain scale of the active phase I. Pregnant women who participate in belly dance will reduce pain in the first stage of active labor after controlling for coping style variables. Then it was also found that belly dance can be used as an alternative movement in pregnancy exercise.

Complicities with the Camera: The Performance and Installation Art of Carlos Leppe

[W]hatever [is] produced by the video camera [is] not a representational image but an immediate and live ‘taking in’ of the world shaped by the technical/perceptual apparatus – just as the human nervous system always already shapes the visions that seem to just ‘hit’ the eye.1 [T]he ‘avanzada’ scene which emerged in 1977 sought to reformulate the conditions of artistic production through articulating new creative mechanisms intended not to ‘represent’ but to intervene in the real…2 Mid-way between the coup d’état of 11 September 1973 and the national plebiscite of 5 October 1988 that initiated the formal conclusion of Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorial rule, the years 1978 to 1982 witnessed the emergence and emboldening of dissentient cultural movements across Chilean society. Momentous socio-political events during this time included, in 1980, Pinochet’s reconfirmation as president, a new constitution that extended his authority, and an economic crisis beginning in 1982 that would spark mass public outcry in the National Day of Protest on 11 May 1983. On the artistic front, in 1978 the National Union for Culture was founded to promote an alternative cultural movement, and the Museum of St Francis in Santiago held the Exhibition of Human Rights, as part of the Year of Human Rights called for by the Archbishop of Santiago, Raúl Silva Henríquez.3 In the following two years, the galleries CAL and Sur opened in the capital. Despite fierce censorship, local artistic production had continued to develop since 1973, encompassing experimental uses of photography and video and the birth and maturation of a local artistic performance tradition known as ‘art actions’ (acciones de arte). Use of video in Chile began in earnest in 1978.4 Several years later, in 1981, the French Embassy’s Cultural Service organised the first French–Chilean Video Art Encounter, which would recur annually until 1993. In 1982, Chile was unofficially invited to participate in the Paris Biennale after a ten-year absence.

Fixing the collective action problem in sovereign debt restructuring: significance of Global South solidarity

This paper attempts to analyse the limitations of contractual mechanisms of resolving collective action disputes against sovereign debtors. The Global South has been at the receiving end of the sovereign debt obligations and collective action clauses (CACs) agenda. The lack of control over the domestic economy and the human rights impacts of mounting sovereign debt brings to the fore the absolute lack of fairness and equity in the CAC-based framework for restructuring sovereign debt. The contemporary international order does not address the non-economic concerns of an indebted state. The unfair treatment meted out to the Global South opens the need for Third World approaches to international law (TWAIL) voices against sovereign debt. The current discourse and literature on CAC have remained mainly aloof to the contributions and importance of TWAIL in the context of CACs. Sovereign debt and the use of CACs need a fresh outlook based on the development of international human rights law. Alternative movements based on Global South solidarity against the present structural and systemic problems of sovereign debt and CACs need to be explored.

KABBALAH AND SEX MAGIC: A MYTHICAL‐RITUAL GENEALOGY. By MarlaSegol. The Magic in History Series. University Park: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021. Pp. x + 210. Hardback, $99.95.

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 48, Issue 1 p. 144-145 Short Reviews of Recent Publications: New and Alternative Religious Movements KABBALAH AND SEX MAGIC: A MYTHICAL-RITUAL GENEALOGY. By Segol, Marla. The Magic in History Series. University Park: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021. Pp. x + 210. Hardback, $99.95. First published: 28 April 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/rsr.15697Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume48, Issue1Georges Bataille and the SacredMarch 2022Pages 144-145 RelatedInformation

Review: Off the Derech: Leaving Orthodox Judaism, edited by Ezra Cappell and Jessica Lang

Review: <i>Off the Derech: Leaving Orthodox Judaism</i>, edited by Ezra Cappell and Jessica Lang

Competition, Conflict and Change of Mind: A Role of GABAergic Inhibition in the Primary Motor Cortex.

Deciding between different voluntary movements implies a continuous control of the competition between potential actions. Many theories postulate a leading role of prefrontal cortices in this executive function, but strong evidence exists that a motor region like the primary motor cortex (M1) is also involved, possibly via inhibitory mechanisms. This was already shown during the pre-movement decision period, but not after movement onset. For this pilot experiment we designed a new task compatible with the dynamics of post-onset control to study the silent period (SP) duration, a pause in electromyographic activity after single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation that reflects inhibitory mechanisms. A careful analysis of the SP during the ongoing movement indicates a gradual increase in inhibitory mechanisms with the level of competition, consistent with an increase in mutual inhibition between alternative movement options. However, we also observed a decreased SP duration for high-competition trials associated with change-of-mind inflections in their trajectories. Our results suggest a new post-onset adaptive process that consists in a transient reduction of GABAergic inhibition within M1 for highly conflicting situations. We propose that this reduced inhibition softens the competition between concurrent motor options, thereby favoring response vacillation, an adaptive strategy that proved successful at improving behavioral performance.

Building Environmental Awareness Through the Makassar Eco-Brick Community Social Movement in Plastic Waste Management

This study aims to: 1) describe the forms of social movements in building environmental awareness of plastic waste management at the Makassar Eco-brick Community in Makassar City, 2) Analyze the factors that influence environmental awareness of plastic waste management at the Makassar Eco-brick Community in Makassar City, 3) Describe the stages of plastic waste management at the Makassar Eco-brick Community in Makassar City. The number of informants is 10 people. The data were analyzed using qualitative description with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The data validation technique uses source triangulation. The results show that: 1) The forms of social movements in building environmental awareness of plastic waste management at the Makassar Eco-brick Community in Makassar City are: (a) expressive movement and (b) alternative movement. 2) Factors that influence environmental awareness of plastic waste management at the Makassar Eco-brick Community in Makassar City, namely: (a) From ignorance to knowledge factor, (b) build humanity factor, and (c) Lifestyle factor. 3) The stages of plastic waste management at the Makassar Eco-brick Community in Makassar City are (a) the preparation stage, (b) the socialization stage and the practice of making Eco-bricks, and (c) the final stage.

Harmonious Upbringing of Preschoolers: Physical and Neuropsychological Aspects

The article shows that the cultivation of spirituality in preschoolers is closely related to their physical and neuropsychological development, as well as moral and aesthetic education. The article aims to determine the effectiveness of the implemented programme for harmonious upbringing of children in cultural and educational space of preschools by comparing levels of physical and neurophysiological components. Given the neurophysiological indicators inherent in this age, the control group (CG) included 178 children and the experimental group (EG) 180 children. The pedagogical experiment followed certain diagnostic methods, such as control tests on physical fitness and rhythmoplasty. Importantly, age-related neuropedagogical factors made it possible to use the following organizational forms of work based on rhythmoplasty: traditional (morning exercises, physical education classes, entertainment activities) and alternative (fairy-tale therapy, finger gymnastics, dance and movement therapy, health aerobics classes). All forms of work were previously tested for compliance with neuropsychological and neurophysiological parameters for the specified age. The programme aimed to form children’s positive attitude towards themselves and their bodies, introduce various forms of physical activity, general physical culture, and, most importantly, cultivate “self-concept” that maximally corresponds to preschoolers’ neuropsychological status. The obtained data prove that indicators of EG children are higher than in those of CG children due to the implementation of the proposed programme. The novelty of the article is as follows: for the first time, the above-mentioned indicators of children’s harmonious upbringing in cultural and educational space of Ukrainian preschools have been comprehensively formed and measured. Finally, the article closely correlates with the leading trends in scientific-educational discourse.

Dead in the water? Sustainability and direct seafood sales in Sweden

Swedish and EU authorities, scholars, and activists have articulated sustainability visions and goals related to direct sales of fish and seafood, small-scale fisheries, and coastal communities. Research that investigates whether and how direct seafood sales by European or Swedish coastal fishers achieve such sustainable futures is however only beginning to emerge. In this study we use the theoretical framework of sustainable materialism to analyse qualitative data from eight Swedish operations that market fish and seafood directly to consumers. Our findings reveal that fishers who sell directly confront social and economic challenges and operate at a small scale, which calls into question claims made in policy documents, reports, and the media about the relationship between direct sales and sustainable development. At the same time, the operations realise sustainability visions promoted by the global alternative food movement: they strengthen non-fishers' support for small-scale producers, transmit knowledge and concern about fish and marine environments, and facilitate some consumption outside the corporate-industrial food system. For the practice to contribute meaningfully to supporting small-scale fisheries, coastal communities and sustainable consumption, we argue, direct seafood sales must be repositioned in thicker social and institutional arrangements that can spread laterally and be networked.

The Memory Policy of the Second World War in the Post-Yugoslav Republics: Symbolic and Commemorative Aspects

The paper analyses the politics of memory of the World War II (WWII) in socialist Yugoslavia and compares the corresponding commemorative practices in the post-Yugoslav republics. The focus is on the design of holidays and memorial dates that reflect the symbolic and valuable attitudes of society, as well as the trajectory of nation-building. The formation of the state metanarrative in post-war Yugoslavia was closely related to the monopolisation of the leadership roles of the national liberation war by the communists, who united the six South Slavic nations in their struggle against the Nazi invaders. The state holidays and memorial days were derived from the history of resistance to foreign occupiers and internal enemies in order to legitimise and strengthen the triumph of the new socialist order. Alternative Yugoslavian non-communist movements, especially the Ustash and Chetniks who were potentially capable of competing in the symbolic field, were declared class enemies, reactionary elements, and quislings. As the processes of disintegration increased in socialist Yugoslavia, there were several attempts to revise its ideological attitudes and symbolic heritage of WWII. Nevertheless, as the study shows these attempts became, rather, a marginal phenomenon, and most post-Yugoslav states retained the commemorative, albeit de-ideologised, practices of the previous period.

INSIDE THE CHURCH OF ALMIGHTY GOD: THE MOST PERSECUTED RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN CHINA. By MassimoIntrovigne. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. xii+149. Hardback, $31.95.

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 47, Issue 4 p. 549-550 Short Reviews of Recent Publications: New and Alternative Religious Movements INSIDE THE CHURCH OF ALMIGHTY GOD: THE MOST PERSECUTED RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN CHINA. By Introvigne, Massimo. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. xii+149. Hardback, $31.95. First published: 19 January 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/rsr.15588Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume47, Issue4New Religious Movements and Documentary FilmsDecember 2021Pages 549-550 RelatedInformation

Islamic Sexual Perversions and Apostasy Representations: Eastern and Western Classical Law Modern Reformist Mutations

The status of apostasy seems unclear in Islamic jurisprudence of the classical age; it is an act considered traditionally to be a legal vacuum, calling for no corporal punishment (mubah). When a sentence was applied in this case, it would seem that it was due to partisan political reasons, rather than on the basis of real spiritual proper needs. Yet today some conservative ulemas apply this status of excommunication, patterned on the modern Catholic model, to practices considered to be “abnormal,” such as homosexuality. What about the Islamic jurisprudence development, as it is conceived and applied today? What is the position of the so-called majority Islamic authorities in regard to apostasy or the perversion of some Muslim minorities? Moreover, what is the position of these ulemas vis-à-vis the so-called alternative progressive movement, which reject the majority Islamic dogma, in France, Morocco, Egypt and elsewhere in the so-called Arab-Muslim world?