Alternative Educational Methods Research Articles

Abstract 2954: Evaluating the Retention of Stroke Education Provided to the Hospitalized Patient with Acute Ischemic Stroke in an Urban Hospital

Background and Purpose: The Joint Commission mandates that certified Primary Stroke Centers provide patient education addressing stroke warning signs, use of 911 for access to emergent care, personal risk factors, medications prescribed, and follow-up after discharge. The patient’s retention of this information is imperative for reducing secondary stroke occurrence and morbidity. This study evaluated the Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) patient’s ability to retain the stroke education information provided near the time of hospital discharge. Methods: A prospective hospital-based cohort study was comprised of AIS patients who were admitted to the stroke unit at an urban core hospital located in Jacksonville, Florida. Diagnosis of AIS was confirmed by a Neurologist and by a CT or MRI. All participants received Joint Commission mandated stroke education administered by a nurse during their hospitalization. The patient education included verbal instructions with the use of illustrative handouts. Stroke education retention was evaluated near the time of hospital discharge using a five-question survey. The level of health literacy was assessed by the Short Version-Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFLHA). Results: Of 189 consecutive patients screened between October 2009 and June 2010, 100 (53%) consented to participate. Seventy patients were excluded due to severe cognitive impairment, and 18 eligible patients refused to participate. The average age was 60 years old, 57% were male, 56% African American, 43% resided within the urban core, and 75% earned less than $25,000 per year. A total of 59% of patients had low to marginal health literacy. Retention of stroke knowledge was lacking even with standard stroke post education; 12% could name all 5 warning signs, 43% knew their personal risk factors, 85% knew to call 911 for warning signs of stroke, 76% knew their medications prescribed for stroke prevention, and 53% knew their type of stroke. Conclusion: Current methods of educating hospitalized AIS patients may not adequately prepare the hospitalized stroke survivor with basic knowledge on stroke prevention. Alternative methods of education will need to be developed for AIS patients in urban core hospitals. By using the Patient-Centered Care model and principles of adult learning, this study has the potential to lead to changes in educational interventions, nursing practices, and communication.

Using the Technique of Dials and Venn Diagrams in Teaching of Biochemistry Laboratory

Alternative methods of education are an important component of teaching strategiesrepresenting the system that provides effective ways of teaching and learning. This research want topresent the role of modern teaching methods to create a situational context, so that learners areengaged to participate actively in achievement teaching objectives, to biochemistry laboratory classes.Active methodology that was used led the student to learn by personal effort by exploring oftheoretical subjects and experimental activities. This determined to obtain interesting results indeveloping students' ability to understand and apply concepts learned in the lab courses. Also theapplications of these methods have developed from students: intellectual capacities, creative spirit ofobservation, cognitive structures and practical skills. In conclusion has been observed an activeinvolvement of students in activity.

에듀테인먼트로서 영화교육 모델 고찰: 초, 중등 과정을 중심으로

교육이라는 education과 오락이라는 entertainment가 합쳐진 에듀테인먼트(edutainment)라는 새로운 형태의 교육방법은 학습자에게 오락이나 놀이가 지닌 재미를 통해 학습 효과를 상승시키는 열린교육의 가능성을 품고 있다. 에듀테인먼트의 성격을 지닌 영화 교육은 교육과 놀이를 그 목적과 방법으로 채택하면서 대안교육의 새로운 패러다임으로서의 가능성을 제시해 준다. 이 연구에서는 영화 교육이 에듀테인먼트로서 추구해야 하는 교육 목표를 설정하면서 효과적인 학습 효과를 거둘 수 있는 영화교육의 학습 형태와 방향은 무엇인지를 논의하려고 하다. 더 나아가 영화교육의 개념 설정에만 머무르지 않고 에듀테인먼트로서 기능할 수 있는 실제 영화교육 사례를 제안함으로서 실질적인 영화교육에 활용할 수 있는 모델을 제시하고자 한다. Edutainment as a new form of educational method is being combined with the education and entertainment, which has possibility of open education improving learning effect for students who are interested in entertaining and studying at the same time. Film education, one of edutainment, offers a new paradigm of alternative educational method using of education as well as playing Therefore, this study will discuss about the purpose and effective forms of film education that should have for edutainment goal. Furthermore, this study offers educational examples of film program which are used for teaching for students. This study mostly suggests diverse educational matter and focuses on researching film education efficacy.

Formative evaluation of a pediatric digital library's educational content and comparison to national curricular standards

Background: U.S. medical education has undergone numerous regulatory changes; to maintain educational consistency and quality, these changes must be met with innovative educational methods.Aim: A formative evaluation of a pediatric digital library (PDL) documenting its content and comparing it to 3 national medical education curricula was performed.Methods: The PDL's weekly cases are written using templates based on specific educational constructs. Cases (N = 150) were evaluated in November 2007. Data was tabulated by age group, specialty, symptom/presentation and disease/problem. Curriculum maps were developed from 3 national curricula and topics were mapped to one or more equivalent PDL topics. Data was tabulated for total national curriculum topics, mapped PDL topics and weekly cases.Results: The cases covered 100% of all pediatric age groups (N = 9) and specialties (N = 42). They covered 85% of the symptoms/problems (N = 127) and 37.2% of the diseases/problems (N = 707). Although the PDL was not explicitly designed to meet these national curricula standards, >80% of the topics in these curricula were covered.Conclusions: The PDL broadly covered national curricular standards and represents an unstructured pediatric curriculum. It offers a complementary and alternative educational method of medical education for educators and learners at all stages of professional development.

Facilitating Oral Chemotherapy Treatment and Compliance Through Patient/Family-Focused Education

Oral chemotherapy is assuming an increasingly important role in cancer therapy. Pharmaceutical firms continue to invest heavily in oral drug development with approximately 25% of more than 400 antineoplastic drugs currently in the development pipeline planned as oral agents. New treatments, patient preference, and the economic realities of cancer care delivery present physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and cancer center administrators with a challenge to restructure and reorganize to provide cost-effective and high-quality care to cancer patients. Oncology nurses are uniquely positioned to step into new roles emphasizing patient and family education and support. A discussion of the Health Belief Model provides an increased understanding of patient motivation and helps healthcare providers increase compliance among patients using oral therapies. This article provides an overview of the current status of oral cancer therapy in the United States and takes into consideration a historical perspective; illustrates pharmacology, indications, administration, and side effect profile through an exemplar agent; discusses potential advantages of and challenges to integration of oral therapies; and discusses alternative methods of patient and family education to improve compliance and outcome.

Latino' Education in Mormon Utah, 1910–1960

Looking at the history of education of Latinos in Utah, I suggest that the lack of educational opportunities has been the most effective mechanism to keep Latinos from achieving equal representation and from gaining cultural and historical identity. In comparison to other Latinos in the rest of the nation, the predominant factor that shapes the education of Latinos in Utah is religion, that is, Mormonism. As a set of beliefs, and as set of practices, Mormonism is embedded with racial underpinnings, theological premises, and social class undertones which undermine the Latinos’ educational efforts and place them in a system of socio-religious apartness. The idiosyncratic characteristics of Utah's educational system allows for the reinterpretation of national educational policies, such as the Americanization Programs, within cultural-religious parameters that produces different levels of educational discrimination within the Latino population. Nonetheless, Latinos challenged the educational practices of the state by creating their own schools, by proposing alternative methods of education, and by unraveling the intrinsic connections between religion, race, and socio-economic class. As a consequence, Latinos in Utah have proposed educational alternatives that are more holistic and inclusive.

Teaching portfolios in higher education and their effects: An explorative study

Although many authors claim benefits of teaching portfolios for use in higher education settings, there are few empirical studies that investigate these benefits. This article deals with the question of whether teaching portfolios are used in higher education, and if so, which effects they bring about. Furthermore, the attitude of teachers towards the use of teaching portfolios is examined. The study shows that currently not very many teachers are using teaching portfolios. When used, a teaching portfolio is an instrument that can bring about some important positive effects. Respondents report that, due to the use of portfolios, they were stimulated to reflect on their own teaching, to actualise the learning content, to improve their course materials, to search for alternative educational methods, etc. When teachers are using teaching portfolios it is important that, besides any negative effects, they also experience positive effects. If this is not the case, teachers will see the teaching portfolio only as an extra administrative inconvenience.

Using an Outcomes-Logic-Model Approach to Evaluate a Faculty Development Program for Medical Educators

This study used an outcomes-logic-model approach to examine the impact of participating in a nontraditional professional development program. Building and using a logic model provides a structure for the program to examine the degree that the desired learner outcomes, the program delivery methods, and the measurement approaches are aligned. Structured telephone interviews were conducted in 2001 with 16 Harvard Medical School (HMS) participants in the Harvard Macy Program for Physician Educators (HM-PE): five who completed the program in 1998, five in 1999, and six in 2000. Interviews were also conducted with four Faculty Scholars, alumni of the HM-PE program who taught in subsequent programs. In 2004, online questionnaires were sent to the 16 participants and four Faculty Scholars. Immediate outcomes, such as greater use of active learning principles, and intermediate outcomes, such as commitment to medical education, were examined. Of those interviewed in 2001, 80% responded to the 2004 online questionnaire. Thirteen of 16 (81%) HMS respondents reported increased knowledge about and confidence using learner-center teaching methods; 10 of 16 (63%) said they gave fewer lectures and added alternative educational methods. Thirteen of 16 (81%) reported a stronger commitment to the field of medical education: almost one third felt the HM-PE program was a turning point in their careers. The outcomes logic model provided data to judge how well the program mission and plan were implemented, and whether outcomes had been attained.

Introduction to Econographication Theory

This research proposes a new field in economics. It is called Econographication. The origin of Econographication is based on vital importance of study graphs as clearest and most effective of presenting real or experimental data to understand and visualize any economic phenomenal, the representation of data will be taken to mean geometric and graphical representations of data as distinct from graphical plotting of mathematical functions (Royston, 1956) or statistics data. However, central idea to propose this new field is to study evolution and development of different types of graphical representation can be applied in different areas of research in economics. In this research graphical representations will be divided in two types: soft graphical representations and hard graphical representations. Therefore, mission of Econographication is to offer an alternative economic educational method to facilitate learning process of economics. The Econographication is divided in three large areas of study: analytical graphs, descriptive graphs and simulations graphs. This paper also is interested to present a new type of graphs: pyramid graph (PG) and diamond graph (DG). And also three new types of Cartesian Spaces, which are called Multi-Dimensional Cartesian Space (MD), Infinity Cartesian Space (I) and Multi-functional Cartesian Space (MF). These new set of graphs and new Cartesian Spaces have different characteristics from classic 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Cartesian planes. The application of Pyramid graph (PG), Diamond graph (DG), Multi-Dimensional Cartesian Space (MD), Infinity-Dimensional Cartesian Space (ID) and Multi-functional Cartesian Space (MF) are highly flexible application. These set of graphs and Cartesian Spaces can be adapted under micro-level and macro-level of analysis in short and long run. This new research field can help to professors, students, policy makers and researchers in field of economics to visualize from different perspective any economic phenomenon.

The effects of the study of popular music on music education

In this article we propose that the introduction of popular music into Australian music syllabuses during the 1970s caused a disruption in and subsequent rethinking of music education. This was the result of the realisation among music educators that methods of teaching art music, which formed the content basis of syllabuses prior to the 1970s, were not suitable for teaching popular music. Responses to this realisation have resulted in the development of alternative methods of music education, and these in turn have reshaped not only teaching and learning strategies but also the ways music educators theorise music education and conceptualise its object of study, music.

HIV Street Education Using Student Nurses

With the ever-increasing burden that is being put on health care facilities by HIV and AIDS, alternative educational methods to offset this burden must be implemented. One such way is to take AIDS education into the streets by having small groups of nursing students and a faculty advisor manage information booths to educate the public about AIDS. The primary purpose is to provide information by distributing pamphlets and discussing the issues, with the intention of effecting a positive change in health-seeking and risk-taking behaviors of those stopping by the booth. A secondary purpose is to enhance the knowledge base of student nurses about HIV and AIDS. The eventual desired result is a decline in the number of reported HIV-positive cases. Such a program has the potential for becoming a national program for educating both the public and student nurses about HIV.

Fear of aids: An assessment of knowledge and attitudes of medical, nursing, and medical technology students

The reluctance of students in health professions to care for AIDS patients is partially based on the perceived risk of transmission of HIV from patient contact. We hypothesize that fear of contagion is due to lack of knowledge and deep‐rooted attitudes and emotions existing even in areas of low HIV seroprevalence. We tested this hypothesis on medical, nursing, and medical technology students. Using a questionnaire that yielded four scales, results showed only 58% of students were knowledgeable, 81% were fearful of contagion, 57% were homophobic, and 8% had death anxiety. Lack of knowledge was correlated with fear of contagion (p < .05), whereas homophobia was weakly associated (p = .08). We conclude that this perceived risk of infection is a result of lack of knowledge, disbelief of the facts, and the interplay of personal values and emotions. Alternative educational methods are needed to increase students’ knowledge and to encourage students to examine their personal feelings and attitudes.

Quality assurance education and training in the U.K.

AbstractThis paper deals with the part that education and training plays in the achievement of quality.The initial section examines the role of the Government sponsored Directory of Quality Training and Education in the U.K. and the aims of the National Quality Campaign. It assesses how successful the courses outlined in the Directory might be in providing sufficient stimulus for a change in attitude towards quality within industry particulraly with regard to satisfying the identified aims of the campaign. The conclusions that are drawn as a result indicate that there are several problems that need to be resolved before progress can be assured.The final section details what progress has already been made in the pursuit of improved quality and looks at various alternative methods of education and training that have been proposed to aid the process of change.

Equity and an Alternative Educational Method: A Korean Case Study

Despite the unprecedented growth of enrollment in primary schools and substantial investments at the secondary and university levels, educational growth in developing countries in the last two decades has failed to provide greater social and economic equity. In 1975, about a third of the children of primary school age in the developing countries, estimated to be 120 million children, were not enrolled in school; only about a third of those in the 12-17 age group, and 9 percent of those in the 18-23 age group were in school; about a third of the adult population was still illiterate. Moreover, provision of educational opportunities within a country varied significantly among regions, sexes, and socioeconomic groups. Unless the rate of expansion of educational opportunities improves, the total number of children not in school and illiterate adults will increase-rather than decrease-significantly during the next decade. Unless a conscientious effort is made by development policymakers to correct the regressive character of educational systems and policies which favor, in general, urban populations and middleand upper-income groups, the lowincome groups will be at a definite disadvantage with respect to access to and promotion within the system. Fortunately, it has now become clear that the emphasis on national economic growth in the past decades has not improved the status of the poor quickly and effectively. As a result, the definition of development has been expanded to include not only economic growth but also elimination of poverty, both absolute and relative. This comprehensive approach to development underlines the significance of education, because education not only contributes to growth in productivity and national income but also helps to alleviate poverty. Efforts to expand and equalize educational opportunities often face a paradoxical situation: countries with more educational needs have fewer resources to meet them. For example, eight African countries spend over 20 percent of their recurrent public budget on education yet have not achieved a literacy rate above 15 percent; about a quarter of all developing countries

Psychology of Delinquency

“STUDIES IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF DELINQUENCY”, by Grace W. Pailthorpe (Medical Research Council, Special Report Series. No. 170), represents the result of five years work on the psychology of inmates of prisons and of preventive and rescue homes. The investigation aims at finding out what treatment would lead to a restoration of these people to the ranks of tho normal. It is necessary to note that a criminal is not necessarily quite different from other people; he has been found out. Dr. Pailthorpo gives details of an investigation of 200 subjects, 100 in prisons and 100 in homes. The subjects were tested for intelligence, and classified accordingly, as normal, sub-normal, and defective. The prison group proved to have a higher proportion of normals. It is not infrequently asserted that prison people are defective in intelligence: some certainly are, but some arc not. They were also interviewed, and classified according to their emotional attitudes. This part of the report is excellent and the detailed case histories are very valuable. It seems obvious on reading them that our present alternatives in dealing with criminals are hopelessly inadequate and wasteful of money as well as of tho human material. A large number show clear signs of mental lack of balance, and it should be part of an enlightened society's work to try to find out the cause. Hence the writer makes a plea for a study of the mentality of the criminal as well as of tho crime, and discusses various alternative methods of treatment, including segregation, permanent supervision, education and psychotherapy. Many of tho prisoners are really mentally sick, and if there were legal recognition of these conditions some murders might be prevented. In an appendix there is an account of some prison systems abroad.