Alternative Assessment Techniques Research Articles

Volumetric absorptive microsampling as alternative sampling technique for renal function assessment in the paediatric population using iohexol

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the best overall index for the renal function. Currently, one of the most promising exogenous markers for GFR assessment is iohexol. In this study, the suitability of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) as alternative for the conventional blood sampling and quantification of iohexol in paediatric plasma was assessed. Therefore, a new, fully validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed. Subsequently, the clinical suitability was evaluated in 20 paediatric patients by comparing plasma iohexol concentrations and associated GFR values obtained by the VAMS method with those obtained by conventional blood sampling and quantification of iohexol in plasma. The developed, simple and cost-effective LC-MS/MS-method fulfilled all pre-set validation acceptance criteria. Iohexol could be accurately quantified within a haematocrit range of 20–60% and long-term stability of iohexol in VAMS was demonstrated up to 245 days under different storage temperatures. Both iohexol plasma concentrations (r = 0.98, mean bias: −4.20%) and derived GFR values (r = 0.99; mean bias: 1.31%), obtained by a conventional plasma and the VAMS method, demonstrated good correlation and acceptable bias. The agreement between the two methods was especially good for GFR values higher than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Nevertheless, for GFR values <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 the accuracy compared to the plasma method was lower. However, small adjustments to the sampling protocol could probably solve this problem.

Determining the Qualifications of the Secondary School Students in the Field of Quadrilaterals: A Scale Development Study

Testing-assessment is needed to determine whether the education process is successful or at what level. For this reason, it is of great importance to determine the achievement level of the students at the secondary level. The purpose of this study is to develop an achievement test consisting of multiple choice questions about ‘quadrilateral’ subject of secondary school students by using alternative assessment techniques. The study group of this research, which is a descriptive survey type, consists of 372 secondary school students who are in the seventh grade in Aydın and Muğla during the 2018-2019 academic year. In the study, ITEMAN, SPSS and JMETRIK programs were used based on Classical Test Theory and Material Testing Theory. The formed item pool was subjected to the appearance validity by five trainers, who are experts in that field. According to the experts’ opinions, it was decided that for the achievement test, 28 items were to be included in the test primarily. It was decided as a result of analysis of the data obtained from the students that an item with very low item-specificity index, four items that do not provide model data compliance in Rasch analysis and two items identified to have item bias may be excluded from the test were excluded from the test. After these processes, the final testing tool consisted of 21 items and the average difficulty index of the test was .64; the discrimination index was calculated as .40. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the final state was determined as .81. According to these results, it can be said that the achievement test has sufficient validity and reliability.

The Patchwork Text as Assessment Tool for Postgraduate Law Teaching in South Africa

In the increasingly competitive higher education sphere, delivering graduates with a sound academic grounding in their discipline is no longer enough. Institutions of higher learning must yield lifelong learners who are employable and equipped with the practical skills required by the profession. To ensure this, the right assessment approach is key. While assessment has always been a crucial component of instruction, traditional assessment tools run the risk of being mere tools for certification, facilitating surface learning instead of deep learning. Assessment approaches need to be re-evaluated to strike a balance between encouraging deep learning and instilling proper academic knowledge in graduates. To contribute to such a re-evaluation of traditional assessment methods, this article reports on the introduction of the patchwork text (PWT) as an alternative assessment tool in postgraduate law teaching at the University of the Free State (UFS). After making the case for the move towards more authentic, alternative assessment techniques, the authors embark on a discussion of the main features of the PWT, as well as guidelines for drafting a PWT assessment. The focus then shifts to an overview of PWT implementation in other postgraduate modules, ending with a discussion of the authors’ experience introducing the PWT in their own teaching. Useful information about the authors’ approach is shared, including examples of formative assessment exercises used as part of the PWT, specifics regarding the portfolio of evidence of learning to be handed in, and an outline of the four “patches” making up the assessment. It is concluded that the PWT has proven to be a viable tool for assessing postgraduate students in certain law modules at the UFS. It has managed to promote deep learning, develop students into critical thinkers and problem-solvers, and compel them to continuously engage with the study material – all while achieving the intended learning outcomes. The PWT is therefore recommended to lecturers who seek to equip students with a macro-vision of their field of study, the ability to integrate and contextualise different areas of the discipline, and the skill to reflect critically on new, emerging developments in the field.

Damage Detection in Fiber-Reinforced Foamed Urethane Composite Railway Bearers Using Acoustic Emissions

To a certain degree, composite railway sleepers and bearers have been recently employed as a replacement for conventional timber sleepers. Importantly, attributed to the rise in traffic demand, structural health monitoring of track structural members is essential to improve the maintenance regime and reduce risks imposed by any structural damage. A potential modern technique for detecting damage in railway components by using energy waves is called acoustic emission (AE). This technique has been widely used for concrete structures in other engineering applications, but the application for composites is relatively limited. Recently, fiber-reinforced foamed urethane (FFU) composites have been utilized as railway sleepers and bearers for applications in the railway industry. Neither does a design standard exist, nor have the inspection and monitoring criteria been properly established. In this study, three-point bending tests were performed together with using the AE method to detect crack growth in FFU composite beams. The ultimate state behaviors are considered to obtain the failure modes. This paper is thus the world’s first to focus on damage detection approaches for FFU composite beams using AE technology, additionally identifying the load-deflection curves of the beams. According to the experimental results, it is apparent that the failure modes of FFU composite beams are likely to be in brittle modes. Through finite element method, the results were in good agreement with less than 0.14% discrepancy between the experimental and numerical data. The attractive insights into an alternative technique for damage assessment of the composite components will help railway engineers to establish structural monitoring guidelines for railway composite sleepers and bearers.

Analysis of high school students’ cognitive structures related to musical genre via word association test

The aim of this study, via the Word Association Test, an alternative assessment and evaluation technique, to reveal the cognitive structures by determining high school students' perceptions about music genres. For this purpose, in the spring semester of 2015–2016 academic year, Data in the study is obtained with the participation of 100 students in 11th and 12th. Independent word association test was used to collect data. In order to create the test, music genres, namely, Turkish Folk Music, Turkish Art Music, Pop Music and Classical Western Music, were chosen as key concepts. The data were evaluated according to the content analysis; frequency values were given and divided into categories. In line with the findings of the research, the categories of ‘cultural’ related to the concept of Turkish Folk Music, ‘instrument’ about Turkish Art Music, ‘rhythmic’ about Pop Music, and ‘instrument’ related to Classical Western Music, answer words were produced. Keywords: Concept, cognitive structure, musical genres, word association test.

Investigating the Effect of Structural Communication Grids as Conceptual Change Strategies on Student’s Academic Achievement in 9th Grade Biology

The conceptual understanding of students is closely related to circumstances such as teachers, textbooks, instructional strategies, and assessment techniques. The most critical factor which affect student’s learning is the way we assess them. Structural communication grids being an alternative assessment technique is to measures meaningful learning and discovering students’ misconceptions. Quasi-experimental design was used in this study to explore the effect of structural communication grids as conceptual change strategies on students’ academic achievement in 9th grade biology. The sample of the study was comprised of 100 9th grade biology students (male 55 and female 45). Researcher conducted side by side experiments in two different institutions in G-9 sector, Islamabad. Biology achievement test as one of the data collections tools, was developed by researcher and its reliability was found to be .85. Further, 30 structural communication grids were used in the present study, which were developed by researcher in consultation with experts in the subject of biology. After treatment results were collected and analyzed by researcher using descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Independent Sample t-test and Two-Way Analysis of Variance). Findings of the study revealed that structural communication grids are useful for improving student’s achievement by diagnosing their misconceptions concerning grade 9 biology.

Measurement bias in estimates of system power during a vertical jump

ABSTRACT This investigation sought to quantify the level of measurement agreement in system force, velocity and power values derived across three commonly applied assessment techniques during a countermovement jump (CMJ). Twenty-five male national representative athletes completed three CMJs under unloaded (0%1RM) and loaded (40%1RM) jump conditions. Associated values of force, velocity and power were captured simultaneously from either a linear optical encoder (LOE) or force plate (FP) and then compared to the gold-standard reference values derived from a combined force plate and three-dimensional motion capture system (FPMC). The LOE significantly (p < 0.001) overestimated and failed to meet the minimum level of relatedness (<0.80) for measures of peak velocity, peak force, peak power and mean power across both conditions compared to the FPMC reference values. A reduction in measurement dispersion and bias was, however, evident during the loaded condition. The FP significantly (p < 0.05) underestimated mean and peak power across both conditions, yet measurement bias and dispersion remained consistent. These findings highlight a disparity in measurement agreement in force, velocity and power values across alternative assessment techniques and loads. Such variance in measurement agreement will uniquely alter derived force-velocity profiles, and thus the prescription of training loads to maximise system power during unrestricted CMJs.

Using rubrics as alternative self-assessment technique of project

In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of employing rubric as a self-assessment technique of the project method, which covers a wide range of knowledge, skills and abilities in a variety of learning objects and activities. The assessment rubric is defined as a descriptive rating guide, which consists of specific pre-defined performance criteria (Petropoulou, Kasimatis&amp;Retalis, 2015). It is an alternative assessment technique, which produces a valid evaluation through a process of determining attainment based on pre-defined qualitative classifications of specific criteria (Mitchel&amp;Crawford, 1995).&#x0D; In this study, the assessment rubric was used as a self-assessment technique in the implementation of a project entitled "Utopia and Reality", conducted in ASPETE (School of Pedagogical and Technological Education) during the year 2017-2018.The students of two undergraduate departments of ASPETE (Civil Engineering Educators and Mechanical Engineering Educators) participated in the study. The rubric that was employed in the study included the following criteria (each with pre-determined quality levels; Kasimatis&amp;Papanikolaou, 2012):Quality and Content completeness, Scientific validity, Structure and Organization, Form and Presentation.The quantitative analysis of the data revealed statistically significantly differences in the students’ self-assessment levels (as identified by the rubric) with respect to the students’ gender and the department of study. Moreover, the tool allowed the students to evaluate the end product of their efforts, thus allowing for their realizing the usefulness of the rubric as a self-assessment tool.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: self-assessment, project, rubric, assessment criteria, reflection

درجة ممارسة معلمی المرحلة الأساسیة الدنیا فی المحافظات الجنوبیة لأسالیب التقویم البدیل فی ضوء الاتجاهات الحدیثة The Practicing Degree of Alternative Assessment Techniques by Lower Basic Stage Teachers in the Southern Governorates in light of the New Trends

المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على درجة ممارسة معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا في المحافظات الجنوبية لأساليب التقويم البديل في ضوء الاتجاهات الحديثة، والفروق الإحصائية بين متوسطات تقديرات عينة الدراسة تعزى للمتغيرات ( الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، مدة الخدمة)، وقد تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث استخدم من خلاله استبانة مکونة من (31) فقرة موزعة على ستة محاور: (التقويم المعتمد على الورقة والقلم، و التقويم المعتمد على الأداء، و التقويم المعتمد على الملاحظة، و التقويم المعتمد على التواصل، و التقويم المعتمد على مراجعة الذات، و التقويم المعتمد على خرائط المفاهيم)، وتکونت عينة البحث من (91) معلما ومعلمة من معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا في محافظة غزة.وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن درجة ممارسة معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا في محافظة غزة لأساليب التقويم البديل في ضوء الاتجاهات الحديثة جاءت بوزن نسبي (69%)، وهي بدرجة (کبيرة). وجاء ترتيب محاور درجة ممارسة المعلمين لأساليب التقويم البديل کما يلي: (التقويم المعتمد على التواصل(75%)، وهو بدرجة (کبيرة)، والتقويم المعتمد على الأداء(70%)، وهو بدرجة (کبيرة)، والتقويم المعتمد على مراجعة الذات(69%)، وهو بدرجة (متوسطة) والتقويم المعتمد على خرائط المفاهيم(68%)، وهو بدرجة (متوسطة) التقويم المعتمد على الورقة والقلم (67%)، وهو بدرجة (متوسطة)، والتقويم المعتمد على الملاحظة(65%)، وهو بدرجة (متوسطة)). وکشفت النتائج عن عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى(a≤0.05) في درجة ممارسة معلمي المرحلة الأساسية الدنيا في المحافظات الجنوبية لأساليب التقويم البديل في ضوء الاتجاهات الحديثة تعزى للجنس، والمؤهل العلمي، ومدة الخدمة، في حين توجد فروق تعزى لمتغير المؤهل العلمي لصالح المعلمين الذين يحملون درجة ماجستير فما فوق في المحور الرابع – التقويم المعتمد على التواصل. وقدمت الدراسة عددا من التوصيات، منها: توفير خطط، وبرامج تعليمية تسهم في مساعدة المعلمين على ممارسة التقويم البديل في اتجاهاته الحديثة، والعمل الجاد على ربط الثقافات التعليمية بين المعلمين ووزارة التربية والتعليم، والجهات الخارجية، وتفعيل دور المنهاج التعليمي المدرسي بأساليب التقويم البديل الحديثة من خلال الترکيز على اعتماد التقويم القائم على التواصل. وإعطاء دورات تدريبية للمعلمين؛ لتعزيز ودعم التقويم القائم على الملاحظة.

Using Alternative Evaluation and Assessment Methods in Teaching Turkish Idioms to Foreigners

Bu çalışmada, tamamlayıcı ölçme ve değerlendirme teknikleriyle (tanılayıcı dallanmış ağaç, yapılandırılmış grid, kelime ilişkilendirme testi, ürün dosyası, performans görevi, kavram haritası, proje görevi ve grup değerlendirme) tasarlanmış öğretim sürecinin Türkçe deyimlerin öğretiminde uygulanabilirliğinin ve bunun Türkçe öğrenen yabancı öğrenciler tarafından nasıl değerlendirildiğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, Yemen Sana’a Üniversitesi Diller Fakültesi Türk Dili ve Tercüme Bölümündeki 20 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisiyle yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Deyim Testi (çoktan seçmeli, eşleştirme, açıklama), Yarı Yapılandırılmış Öğrenci Görüşme Formu ve Alternatif Ölçme Değerlendirme Etkinlikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, öğrencilerin deyimlerin öğretim sürecinde uygulanan tamamlayıcı ölçme ve değerlendirme tekniklerine ilişkin görüşlerinin olumlu yönde olduğu, bu tekniklerin deyimlerin öğretimini kolaylaştırdığı ve süreci daha zevkli hâle getirdiği görülmüştür.

Attitude of Teachers towards Students’ Self-Assessment in Secondary Schools in Rivers State, Nigeria

The study investigated attitude of teachers towards students' self-assessment in secondary schools in Rivers State. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Population of the study comprised all secondary school teachers in Rivers State. The stratified random sampling technique was used to draw the sample of 800 teachers. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire titled: "Attitude of Teachers toward Self-Assessment Questionnaire (ATTSAQ)”. The research questions were answered with simple percentage, while the hypotheses were tested with chi-square. The result of the study showed that attitude of teachers towards students' self-assessment was positive. There was no significant difference between the attitude of male and female teachers towards students' self-assessment. Also, the attitude of urban and rural teachers towards students' self-assessment was not statistically significant. The study recommended that the use of self-assessment method as an alternative assessment technique should be encouraged in secondary schools.

Alternative Assessment in the Moroccan EFL Classrooms Teachers’ Conceptions and Practices

This study aimed at examining the status of various alternative assessment techniques within the Moroccan EFL public high school classrooms. It is governed by three main objectives: eliciting the Moroccan EFL teachers’ conceptions and practices of alternative assessment, identifying the major problems that inhibit the implementation of alternative assessment and, accordingly, suggesting some possible solutions. Additionally, issues related to training, assessment guidelines, as well as the curriculum were all touched upon. Data were collected from 73 EFL public high school teachers from Inzegane-AitMelloul and Agadir-Ida-outanane delegations using a questionnaire and focus group interviews. The results revealed that the practice of alternative assessment is slowly evolving within the Moroccan EFL context in spite of the very positive attitudes expressed towards it. The practice of traditional assessment, on the other hand, seems to be taking the lead in the teachers’ practices up to date. The results also indicate that teachers face different sorts of challenges including mainly time constraints, class size, and lack of training. Accordingly, it is recommended that policy makers should address these problems through providing the necessary facilities and the required training on how to cope with them more successfully for a better implementation of the assessment changes.

Prioritizing mitigation efforts considering co-benefits, equity and energy justice: Fossil fuel to renewable energy transition pathways

Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy (RE) is one of the core strategies in developing sustainable future energy systems. But in planning such a transition, it is common to consider primarily cost and greenhouse gas reduction, as typified by cost-mitigation curves that have become widespread. Such assessments tend to leave important considerations of energy justice on the periphery. This paper puts forward an alternative assessment technique, incorporating various indicators of social equity in order to assess the priority of power plant replacement that would lead to the greatest improvement in benefits, while placing the burden of system changes away from the most vulnerable. An example of the application of this approach is presented for prioritization of the retirement and replacement (with RE) of Australia s ageing fleet of coal-fired power plants. The assessment shows very different results from a standard cost-mitigation approach, with the retirement of the large brown coal power plants (including the recently retired Hazelwood power plant) and the replacement with wind power (where applicable) promoting the best overall outcomes on both cost and equity. Considering a selection of high priority indicators with many locally-specific data sets, the approach adds significant contextual relevance to prioritization, and is considered to offer useful findings for policy-makers.

Pre-service Science Teachers' Cognitive Structure about Some Epidermal Structure in Plant

The main focus of this study is to determine pre-service science teachers' cognitive structure about trichome and stoma through two alternative assessment techniques: metaphor and word association test. The study was conducted with 35 pre-service science teachers. Word association test given stoma and trichome as stimulant words was applied. Also it was asked them to complete these sentences 'Stoma is like/similar to … Because …' and 'Trichome is like/similar to … Because ….' The data obtained from both techniques were analysed according to the content analysis, frequency tables were prepared and divided into categories. With the help of these categories, the cognitive structures of pre-service science teachers and also misconceptions they had were revealed. Consequently, it was suggested that using metaphors in conjunction with word association test for determining of the cognitive structure of students in any subject would be complementary factor for each other's.

Science Curriculum from the Perspectives of Turkish Teachers: Problems Encountered and Suggestions for Solutions.

The purpose of this research is to identify the problems that teachers have experienced during the implementation of the science curriculum and their suggestions for solution to these problems. In the research, survey model has been used among the descriptive research methods in which quantitative and qualitative data have been used together. The sample of the research consists of science teachers (n=208) and classroom teachers who deliver science courses (n=104) in Manisa province. A questionnaire form and a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers have been used as data collection tools. For quantitative data, percentage and frequency values have been analysed and for qualitative data, content analysis have been performed. As a result of the analyses the problems encountered in the implementation of the curriculum have been examined in three different categories namely; teacher-related problems, curriculum-related problems and other problems. According to the results of the questionnaire, most of the teachers think that they confront with problems because they do not see themselves sufficient in terms of designing/evaluating a project, designing an experiment and creating an activity. In terms of the program, the majority of teachers think that they encounter with problems as there is not enough information about the implementation of the inquiry-based learning approach and not enough examples and explanations for the learning outcomes. In addition, nearly half of the teachers’ state that they have problems with the use of alternative assessment tools and techniques in the program. Regarding other problems; the insufficient content of the course book, lack of materials, lack of adequate support from parents, and technological inadequacies are among the problems most of the teachers have experienced. Similarly, when the results of interviews have been examined; materials, laboratories, and the inadequacy of the course book are among the most frequently mentioned problems. When the survey results of teachers' suggestions for solution have been examined; putting more emphasis on teachers’ views in the process of curriculum development, revision of curricula of education faculties oriented to the changes in curriculum, preparation of flexible curricula according to students’ needs, improvement of technological infrastructure of schools and classes, preparation of guidebooks for teachers, raising the knowledge levels of parents about the instruction program, providing an in-service training for designing experiments/projects are among the most frequently selected recommendations from teachers. When the interview results have been examined, it has been seen that most of the suggestions are about increasing the number and quality of in-service trainings and increasing the quality of laboratory and material facilities and textbooks. Since the newly announced science curriculum will be gradually implemented as of 2017-2018 academic year, it is expected that the results of the study will contribute to the field in terms of the problems and solution suggestions for the current curriculum, the program development and update studies, the contents of in-service trainings and comparison of the curricula. Article visualizations:

A Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of alternative assessment techniques. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research

A Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of alternative assessment techniques. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research

The Effect of Alternative Assessment Techniques on EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension Ability and Self-efficacy in Reading: The Case of Iranian Junior High School Students

Self-efficacy plays a major role in learners' ultimate success. The present study investigated the effect of alternative assessment techniques of reading comprehension on the participants' self-efficacy in reading and their performance in reading comprehension. Matching items, gap filling items, C-tests, editing tasks and ordering techniques were used as alternative assessment techniques as replacements to traditional techniques such as multiple- choice type or essay- type items. Based on the proficiency test results, 77 intermediate junior high school students were selected from among 99 students in intact classes as the participants. The instruments included an adapted self-efficacy-in-reading questionnaire, the KET test and a reading comprehension test developed and piloted by the researchers. The results of t-test analyses indicated that the learners were significantly aware of self-efficacy while involved in reading comprehension of their English textbook texts. In other words, the participants possessed high self-efficacy in reading as measured by the questionnaire mentioned above. However, the findings revealed no significant effect for the use of alternative assessment techniques on the participants' self-efficacy in reading comprehension. Finally, the t-test results indicated a significant effect for the use of alternative assessment techniques on the participants' performance on the reading comprehension test.

A simple and inexpensive technique for assessing contamination during drilling operations

AbstractSubsurface exploration relies on drilling. Normally drilling requires a drilling fluid that will infiltrate into the drill core. Drilling fluid contains non‐indigenous materials and microbes from the surface, so its presence renders a sample unsuitable for microbiological and many other analyses. Because infiltration cannot be avoided, it is of paramount importance to assess the degree of contamination to identify uncontaminated samples for geomicrobiological investigations. To do this, usually a tracer is mixed into the drilling fluid. In past drilling operations a variety of tracers have been used, each has specific strengths and weaknesses. For microspheres the main problem was the high price, which limited their use to spot checks or drilling operations that require only small amounts of drilling fluid. Here, we present a modified microsphere tracer approach that uses an aqueous fluorescent pigment dispersion with a similar concentration of fluorescent particles as previously used microsphere tracers. However, it costs four orders of magnitude less, allowing for a more liberal use even in large operations. Its applicability for deep drilling campaigns was successfully tested during two drilling campaigns of the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) at Lake Towuti, Sulawesi, Indonesia, and Lake Chalco, Mexico. Quantification of the tracer requires only a fluorescence microscope or a flow cytometer. The latter allowing for high‐resolution data to be obtained directly on‐site within minutes and with minimal effort, decreasing sample processing times substantially relative to traditional tracer methods. This approach offers an inexpensive, rapid, but powerful alternative technique for contamination assessment during drilling campaigns.

Using generalizability theory to investigate the reliability of peer assessment

In this study, the effectiveness of peer assessment, which has an important role in measurement and evaluation, was attempted to be defined. For this purpose, performance task, which is one of the alternative assessment techniques, was evaluated with the help of a scoring rubric prepared by the researchers. As a basic research, the working group was 41 sophomore students and their instructor. Three of 41 students were acted as rater and they rated their 38 peers’ performances with the instructor. The analysis of the data was carried out by using fully crossed two-facet design (sxtxr) of generalizability theory in three steps: G-studies for peer and peers-instructor ratings and D-study for peer ratings. According to the results of the G studies, the reliability coefficient obtained from the peer ratings and peer-instructor ratings were quite high (0.86 and 0.82 respectively). According to the result of the D study of peer ratings, just two peer raters are enough for getting high reliability coefficient. With the help of the gained results, it is suggested that peer assessment, which is effective on learning and decision making processes of students, should be used more often in education systems.

Opinions of Social Studies Teachers About Alternative Assessment and Evaluation Techniques

Yapilan bu calisma sosyal bilgiler ogretmenlerinin alternatif olcme degerlendirme teknikleri hakkindaki goruslerini ortaya koymak amaciyla yapilmistir. Arastirma 2014-2015 egitim ogretim yili guz doneminde Hatay, Kilis ve Gaziantep illerinde gorev yapan toplam 61 sosyal bilgiler ogretmeni uzerinde gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmaya katilan sosyal bilgiler ogretmenlerinin alternatif olcme degerlendirme teknikleri hakkindaki goruslerinin alindigi bu calismada nitel arastirma yontemi kullanilmis ve var olan durumun ortaya konmasindan dolayi da durum calismasi teknigi kullanilmistir. Calisma sonunda elde edilen veriler dogrultusunda su sonuclara ulasilmistir: Sosyal bilgiler ogretmenlerinin daha cok geleneksel olcme degerlendirme tekniklerini tercih ettikleri, alternatif olcme degerlendirme teknikleri hakkinda yeterli duzeyde bilgi sahibi olmadiklari, alternatif olcme degerlendirme tekniklerinden kavram haritalarini kullandiklari tespit edilmistir. Bunun yaninda alternatif olcme degerlendirme tekniklerinin uygulamasi asamasinda ogretmenlerin zaman sikintisi yasadiklari ve ogrenciyi her yonuyle degerlendirmede alternatif olcme degerlendirme tekniklerinin olumlu etkiye sahip olduguna ulasilmistir