Alpha Lattice Research Articles

Efficiency of Alpha Lattice Design in Rice Field Trials in Pakistan

Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakistan to evaluate the efficiency of alpha lattice design in field experiments. The average standard error of difference between genotypes mean is used to calculate relative efficiency of alpha lattice design. Both experiments clearly identified the advantages of small blocks. The average gain in efficiency was 119% with maximum 128%. Mean ranks comparison for both randomized complete block and alpha lattice design were performed. It was observed that the ranks were not constant across the experiments. The results emphasize that the traditional randomized complete block designs (RCBD) should be replaced by alpha lattice in the agricultural field experiments when number of varieties to be tested in an experiment increases to more than five or ten. In such a situation finding a homogeneous block is quite difficult in field experiments.Keywords: Rice; Alpha lattice design; RCBD; Pakistan.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.4773 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 91-95 (2011)

Comparison of Yield, its Components, and Other Agronomic Traits Of Different Exotic Whert Cultvars

Aiming to evaluate the CIMMYT durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) cultivars, yield trials for 49 entries (International nursery 29IDYT) IN comparison with the local Gerardo cultivar were conducted at al-Latifyia Experimental Station during 1997/1998-1999/ 2000. Alpha lattice design with tow replictions for the 1st season and a randomized complete block design with three replications for the 2nd and 3rd seasons were used. Pooled analysis for the three seasons was practiced. Results revealed that days to heading, plant height, weight of 1000 kernel, and grain yield were affected significantly by the different cultivars under investigtion. No significant effect for the different sowing seasons yield only, whereas, the cultivars x sowing seasons interactions showed significant effects for almost all traits under investigation. In general, days to heading, plant height, and weight of 1000 kernel were ranged between 105-113.7 days, 84.4-101.0 cm., and 37.6-48.1 g, respectively. These results reflect the expanded variation in grain yield among cultivars. All entries out yielded 3446 to 5067 kg/ha. Twenty-one. 12, and 18 CIMMYT introduved durum wheat cultivars were exceeded in early heading, short plant height, and high grain weight over the local cultivar, respetively. The CIMMYT entries 2 and 28 (Yavaros 79 CM9799-126M-1M-5Y-0M and MINIMUS/COMB DUCK 2//CHAM 3 D98225-A-3Y-04M=040YRC-6M-0Y), respectively of the mentioned nursery gave the highest grain yield. Which was over than 5 t/ha with an increase of 25% over the local cultivar.

Measures of chaos and equipartition in integrable and nonintegrable lattices

We have simulated numerically the behavior of the one-dimensional, periodic FPU-alpha and Toda lattices to optical and acoustic initial excitations of small--but finite and large amplitudes. For the small-through-intermediate amplitudes (small initial energy per particle) we find nearly recurrent solutions, where the acoustic result is due to the appearance of solitons and where the optical result is due to the appearance of localized breather-like packets. For large amplitudes, we find complex-but-regular behavior for the Toda lattice and "stochastic" or chaotic behaviors for the alpha lattice. We have used the well-known diagnostics: Localization parameter; Lyapounov exponent, and slope of a linear fit to linear normal mode energy spectra. Space-time diagrams of local particle energy and a wave-related quantity, a discretized Riemann invariant are also shown. The discretized Riemann invariants of the alpha lattice reveal soliton and near-soliton properties for acoustic excitations. Except for the localization parameter, there is a clear separation in behaviors at long-time between integrable and nonintegrable systems.

Paramagnetic and crystallographic effects of low temperature ashing on human bone and tooth enamel

Low temperature ashing by excited gas (LTA) causes crystallographic and paramagnetic alterations of the human bone and tooth enamel mineral. On the one hand, LTA induces variations of the alpha lattice parameter. These variations depend upon the nature of the gas used, but are little affected by its degree of excitation. Trapping of gas molecules in the crystal structure is demonstrated. On the other hand, LTA produces two preponderant paramagnetic centers in bone and enamel samples at 20 degrees C. Their inorganic origin clearly indicated. One of the two radicals has been identified as O3- (g1 = 2.002, g2 = 2.010, g3 = 2.016) and the other as (CO3-3 (parallel = 1.996, g = perpendicular 2.003). Variations of the alpha lattice parameter and trapping of paramagnetic gas species do not seem to be directly related.