Internal Consistency Alpha Research Articles

Validation of the Caregiver Analysis of Reported Experiences with Swallowing Disorders (CARES) Screening Tool for Neurodegenerative Disease.

Swallowing difficulties have a substantial impact on the burden experienced by care partners of individuals with neurodegenerative disease. Given this, there is a clear need to easily identify and quantify the unique aspects of swallowing-related burden. The purpose of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Caregiver Analysis of Reported Experiences with Swallowing Disorders (CARES) screening tool in care partners of individuals with neurodegenerative disease. Survey data were collected from an international sample of 212 individuals caring for family members with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 49), dementia (n = 110), or Parkinson's disease (n = 53). Respondents completed the CARES, Eating Assessment Tool-10, International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative-Functional Diet Scale, and Zarit Burden Interview. Reliability and validity of the CARES were evaluated via internal consistency alpha coefficients, Spearman's rho correlations, and logistic regression analyses with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. CARES scores demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .90-.95) and high test-retest reliability (r = .86-.91). The CARES was found to be valid, as increased swallowing-related burden was associated with increased severity of swallowing difficulties (r = .79 to .84), diet restrictiveness (r = -.50 to -.54), and general caregiver burden (r = .36 to .40). The CARES had excellent discrimination between care partners with and without self-reported swallowing-related burden, with a score of ≥ 4 suggesting a heightened risk of experiencing this burden. Results establish the CARES as a valid and reliable screening tool that can detect burden related to swallowing difficulties among care partners of individuals living with neurodegenerative disease (score ≥ 4). Clinical implementation of the CARES requires the concerted efforts of the larger multidisciplinary team who can collaboratively identify the presence of burden and target the multifaceted sources of burden that a care partner may be experiencing.

Psychometric Properties of the Critical Appraisal Tool for Anatomical Meta-Analysis.

The hallmark of evidence-based anatomy (EBA) is the anatomical meta-analysis (AMA). The Critical Appraisal Tool for Anatomical Meta-Analysis (CATAM) was recently published to enable users to appraise AMAs quickly and effectively. The tool is valuable for students and clinicians who need to judge the quality of AMAs, which informs clinical decision making and results in better patient care. Subjective measures of the tool's face and content validity have been established, but establishing its reliability provides a more objective measure of the instrument's dependability. This study investigated the interrater reliability (IRR) of the CATAM between novice and expert raters. Three graduate students and three professors (two anatomists and one pharmacist) read the original CATAM paper, and then had a post hoc meeting to discuss scoring with the tool. Three recent AMAs (published between 2017 and 2022) were randomly chosen from PubMed, and all six raters scored the papers blindly. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistic was used to calculate the interrater reliability (IRR) between all scores, and then the ICCs between novice and expert scores were compared. Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) of the CATAM was also calculated (SPSS 25, Armonk, NY). ICC for AMA-1 was 0.999 (95% CI, 0.997-0.999), p = 0.000, and alpha was 0.999. ICC for AMA-2 was 0.994 (95% CI, 0.988-0.998), p = 0.000, and alpha was 0.994. ICC for AMA-3 was 0.998 (95% CI, 0.995-0.999), p = 0.000, and alpha was 0.998. ANOVA showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in mean ICCs between raters. The CATAM is a robust tool with excellent IRR (ICC > 0.990) and internal consistency (alpha > 0.990). No significant difference in ICC scores between novices and experts suggests the tool does not require prior expert knowledge to be effective. Now that the reliability of the CATAM is established, it can be more widely adopted by students and physicians worldwide to evaluate the quality of AMAs. The CATAM offers widespread applicability, and can be adopted in medical education, journal clubs, and clinical seminars to critically evaluate AMAs.

Adaptation of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

The present study aims to adapt the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale (TPCRS) to Turkish culture by conducting validity and reliability analyses. The study group consists of the parents of 445 children between the ages of 3 and 6 attending preschool in the Denizli province. Expert opinions were consulted for the language validity and content validity of the measurement tool. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to ensure the construct validity of the scale. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that the total variance explained was 40.89%, and the items were grouped under a single factor. The model fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis were calculated as x²/sd=1.828, RMSEA=.046, AGFI=.96, GFI=.97, CFI=.98, NFI=.96, and SRMR=.056. These values show that the scale gives acceptable and valid results. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale was found to be .72. For criterion-related validity, the correlations between the TPCRS's Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire and the Parental Attitudes Towards Technology Use Scale were analyzed. In addition, item-total and test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated at three-week intervals. The analyses for criterion-related validity and test-retest correlations provided sufficient evidence for the validity of the scale. It was observed that the item-total correlation values of the TPCRS ranged between .41 and .50. The results of the study show that the Technoference in Parent-Child Relationships Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

PACOPED QL: Development and evaluation of the quality-of-life scale for children with life-threatening illnesses.

This study aims to validate the Palliative and Complex Chronic Pediatric Patients QoL Inventory (PACOPED QL), a new quality-of-life (QoL) assessment tool for pediatric palliative patients with complex chronic conditions. The goal is to create a comprehensive and inclusive instrument tailored to this unique population, addressing the gap in existing tools that do not meet these specific needs. The validation process included a literature review and consultations with experts. A pilot study refined the items, followed by a cross-sectional study involving pediatric palliative patients and their caregivers. Statistical analyses, such as Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis for structural validity, were utilized. The PACOPED QL, comprising 50 items across 8 domains and 6 subdomains, demonstrated strong reliability with Cronbach's alpha and Guttman split-half reliability both exceeding .9. Validity assessments confirmed its suitability for children with complex illnesses. The tool was refined through expert consultations and pilot testing, reducing items from an initial 85 to a final 50, ensuring relevance and clarity. The PACOPED QL shows strong reliability and validity in assessing QoL in pediatric palliative patients. Its comprehensive structure makes it a promising tool for clinical practice and research, addressing a critical need for a tailored assessment in this population. The instrument's robust psychometric properties indicate its potential utility in improving the QoL assessment and care for children with life-threatening illnesses. Further studies are encouraged to confirm its effectiveness across various settings.

Power Loss (ENTROPY) Scale in Schools

The research aims to develop a measurement tool with validity and reliability for measuring loss of power (entropy) in schools. The study group of the research consists of a total of 596 teachers working in 15 public schools in Van Province in the 2023-2024 academic year. As a result of the application of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to 381 teachers to ensure construct validity, a scale with 26 items and four factors, 1. People-oriented work environment and parents, 2. Energy use and environment, 3. Technology, 4. Achievement of goals and supervision—was created. The total variance rate of the scale was obtained as 63.29%. The factor load values of the items in the scale are between 509 and 829. It was also confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) that the scale measures a four-factor structure. In addition, a 26-question scale was studied with a study group consisting of 215 teachers in the confirmatory factor analysis. According to the answers of the study group, the Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient and item total correlations were analyzed. While Cronbach Alpha values were found to be 93, 95, 88, and 92 for each factor and 97 for the whole scale, the lowest value among the item total correlations of the items in the factors was 535, and the highest value was 832. The scale created in the study will be applicable and functional as a valid and reliable measurement tool for schools and valid for other educational organizations and as an Entropy Scale with the results of the validity and reliability analysis carried out and applied.

The Chronic Headache Self-Efficacy Scale: Development and assessment of measurement properties.

To develop and assess the psychometrics of the Chronic Headache Self-Efficacy Scale (CHASE). Existing scales assess self-efficacy in coping strategies and management of symptoms and triggers but do not measure other important self-efficacy domains, such as performing daily activities and socializing in patients with chronic daily headache (CDH). The study had two phases: (i) Development of the 14-item CHASE, with items derived from patients with CDH and a multidisciplinary healthcare team; (ii) longitudinal observational study for psychometric evaluation. Participants with CDH (N = 79) completed the CHASE, Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE), six-item Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) at baseline, 24-72 h after baseline, and 12 weeks after baseline. The Global Rating of Change (GROC) assessed perceived change in symptoms. We assessed internal consistency, day-to-day reliability, convergent and known group discriminant validity, dimensionality, and responsiveness via minimal clinical important difference (MCID). For day-to-day reliability, the CHASE intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.49-0.81), with standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of 10.3% and 24%, respectively. The CHASE had two independent factors (total R2 = 54.5%) that can be combined into a single score (Cronbach's alpha internal consistency 0.88). For convergent validity, the CHASE score was related to the HIT-6, HMSE, and SF-12 (R2: 0.17-0.29, all p < 0.001). For known group discriminant validity, individuals with an active headache had a lower CHASE score than those without (mean [standard deviation] 47.7 [17.3]% vs. 57.2 [19.8]%, p < 0.001). Classification and regression tree analysis showed the MCID for meaningful positive symptom change on the GROC was a CHASE change of >8% or CHASE change of 8% with baseline CHASE >67%. The CHASE is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing self-efficacy in performing daily activities, socializing, managing headache symptoms and triggers, and guiding treatment plans for patients with CDH.

Validation of the premenstrual symptoms questionnaire among Mongolian nursing school students

BackgroundPremenstrual disorders (PMDs) significantly affect the daily lives of women. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Mongolian-translated Premenstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (PSQ) among female nursing students at the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to January 2024. The PSQ was translated into Mongolian, and its reliability and validity were assessed. A total of 431 participants completed the translated PSQ along with the Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) Scale, Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS-8), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Reliability was evaluated via Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. Validity was assessed via factor analysis and correlations with external measures.ResultsThe internal consistency of the Mongolian PSQ was 0. 945. Factor analysis supported the tool’s construct validity, which revealed a one-factor structure consistent with that of the original Japanese PSQ. The PSQ had strong positive correlations with the PMDD Scale (r = 0.760), SSS-8 (r = 0.640), PHQ-9 (r = 0.580), and BAI (r = 0.620), which indicated good convergent validity.ConclusionThe Mongolian-translated PSQ is a reliable and valid tool for assessing premenstrual symptoms in female nursing students. These findings suggest that the PSQ is a useful tool for screening PMDs in this population.

Validation of the European Oncology toolkit for the self-assessment of Quality of Life (EUonQoL-Kit) in cancer patients and survivors: study protocol of a pan European survey

BackgroundEuropean cancer programmes and policies lack a unified health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment tool. The European oncology quality of life toolkit (EUonQoL-Kit) is a novel set of HRQoL questionnaires, co-designed with cancer patients and survivors, translated and culturally adapted into 31 European languages, and with both static and dynamic electronic administration modes. The main aim of this study is the psychometric assessment of the static version. Secondary aims include evaluating the EUonQoL-Kit acceptability, cross-validating the administration modes, exploring individual factors potentially affecting HRQoL and HRQoL inequalities between countries.MethodsA sample of 4,500 participants, including three groups (active treatment, survivors, and palliative care) from 45 centres in 25 EU Member States and 7 associated countries, will be enrolled in a multicentre observational cross-sectional study. All participants will complete the static EUonQoL-Kit; three subsamples (each 10% of the total sample) will also respectively complete the following: a) dynamic EUonQoL-Kit, based on Item Response Theory (IRT)/Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT), b) FACT-G and EQ-5L-5D, and c) static EUonQoL-Kit (re-test). Psychometric analyses will encompass exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (measurement model and structural validity), Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency), intraclass correlation coefficient (test–retest reliability), Pearson/Spearman correlation (concurrent validity), comparison of group scores (construct validity), and Differential Item Functioning (cross-country item equivalence). Secondary analyses will evaluate participant response time and rate, and static/dynamic score differences. Regression models will estimate associations between individual factors and HRQoL.DiscussionThe EUonQoL-Kit will serve to systematically incorporate patient perspectives into European cancer policies and to address HRQoL inequalities across Europe.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05947903, 2023–06-28.

Adaptation Study of the Ecological Literacy Scale for Middle School Students

The aim of this study is to adapt the Ecological Literacy Scale developed by Ha, Huang, Zhang, and Dong (2021) into Turkish and conduct validity and reliability analyses. During the Turkish adaptation phase, both Turkish translation and English back-translation of the scale were performed by language experts to ensure linguistic equivalence. Language equivalences of the scale to be adapted were tested, adjustments were made based on expert opinions, and linguistic and stylistic controls were ensured. The scale, after a pilot application, was administered to 515 middle school students from different grade levels who were identified as the study group. The study data were analyzed using statistical software. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the data collected for the Ecological Literacy Scale. Following the analyses, a structure consisting of five subscales and 30 items was obtained. It was revealed that the factor loadings of the scale were at a very high level. The 5-factor structure of the scale was confirmed, and it was found that the fit indices were acceptable and showed excellent fit. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient for the entire scale was calculated and determined to be 0.834. As a result of the study, a 5-point likert type "Ecological Literacy Scale" consisting of 5 factors and 30 items was adapted into Turkish. The adapted Ecological Literacy Scale was found to be a valid and reliable tool suitable for middle school students. A measurement tool that researchers and educators can benefit from has been added to the literature.

Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Form of the Pro-Nature Conservation Behavior Scale

Objective: This study aims to adapt the Pro-Nature Conservation Behavior Scale, which was developed to identify pro-nature conservation behaviors, into Turkish. Method: For the validity and reliability study, 371 participants were included in the study. The suitability of the scale for Turkish culture was tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results: The scale, which consists of 18 items in total, has 4 sub-dimensions (Individual engagement, planting, collective engagement , wildlife). Overall Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was .85; .73 for the individual engagement factor, .86 for the planting factor, .71 for the collective engagement factor and .61 for the wildlife factor, and convergent validity was supported by positive correlations with the Environmental Behavior Scale, the New Ecological Paradigm Scale, the Generalized Self-Esteem Scale and the Warnick-Edinburg Mental Well-Being Scale. Conclusion: Pro-Nature Conservation Behavior Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in Türkiye.

The Development, Validity, and Reliability Study of Teacher Collaboration Skills Scale

Introduction: Collaborative working, one of the good practice examples in special education, is regarded as a beneficial tool for students with disabilities. The collaborative relationship of teachers providing special education services can encourage them to successfully carry out instructional practices in their classrooms and to create a trust-based team model. This study aims to develop the ‘Teacher Collaboration Skills Scale’ (TCSS) to assess teachers' collaborative work providing special education services. Method: The TCSS prepared in line with the study’s purpose was applied to 513 teachers. First, 62 teachers working together in special education schools were reached. In the pilot implementation phase, 157 teachers from 21 provinces of Türkiye attended, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. Finally, after revisions, the scale, prepared with online access permission, was completed by 294 teachers from 41 provinces, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the data. Findings: EFA was conducted to test the relationship between items and to determine factors and the items collected under them. As a result, a structure consisting of 22 items with 4 factors was defined. The structure tested with CFA showed a high level of model-data fit. The scale’s reliability calculated by Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was .97. Discussion: This scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring teacher collaboration skills. It can be used to evaluate teachers’ collaborative working skills in special education in Türkiye and will guide the interventions to be developed.

Understanding the factors that affect early childhood education teachers’ self-regulation skills

This study aims to examine the self-regulation skills of early childhood education teachers in terms of teacher-related factors (age, number of in-service trainings, professional experience) and factors related to the schools they work in (the location of the schools, the type of school, classroom sizes). Descriptive correlational design was preferred. The sample of the study consists of 239 early childhood education teachers. The convenience sampling method was used to reach the participants. Demographic Information Form and Teacher Self-Regulation Scale (TSRS) were used to collect the data. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the data, and model fit indices were examined The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients for the subscales of the scale ranged from .70 to .86. It is seen that the mean scores of early childhood education teachers in the performance goal orientation sub-dimension are at a medium level, while the mean scores of the other sub-dimensions are at a high level. Teacher age had a significant effect on emotional control and self-evaluation subscale, while professional experience, school type and school location had a significant effect on emotional control subscale. The number of in-service training courses was found to have a significant effect on goal setting and self-evaluation subscales. In addition, class size has a significant effect on goal setting and self-reaction subscales. In the light of the results obtained from the research, it can be suggested that incentives should be provided and experience sharing meetings should be organized to improve teachers' performance goal-oriented skills. Teachers' self-regulation and self-evaluation skills can be improved through in-service training. In addition, small class size and interactive teaching processes can play an important role in developing teachers' goal setting and self-evaluation skills.

Translation and Validation of the Greek Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Parental Form.

Background: The prevalence of food allergy is increasing, posing a significant health concern. Assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in individuals with food allergies is crucial, and various questionnaires exist for this purpose. However, translation and validation of these tools are necessary to ensure cultural relevance. This study aimed to translate the FAQLQ-PF into Greek and perform a cross-sectional validation to assess its effectiveness in evaluating HRQOL among Greek children with food allergies. Methods: Parents of children aged 0 to 12 years diagnosed with food allergy completed the Greek version of the FAQLQ-PF, consisting of 30 items across three subscales. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. Statistical analyses included nonparametric tests, correlation analysis for validity, and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Results: Out of 85 participants, 81 were included. The FAQLQ-PF demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.94). Validity evaluation indicated its ability to measure HRQOL in younger children. HRQOL in the Greek pediatric population was significantly correlated with the number of food allergies, symptoms, parental and child concerns, anxiety levels, and activity restrictions. However, sex and general health status were not significantly correlated with HRQOL. Conclusions: The Greek translation and validation of FAQLQ-PF provides insights into HRQOL among Greek children with food allergies. Factors such as anaphylactic reactions, epinephrine autoinjector usage, number of food allergies, and symptoms influenced HRQOL in this population.

How Do Teachers Survive? Turkish Adaptation of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Strategies Scale

The continuous development of professional competencies and active retention of teachers in the field, stemming from alterations in their professional life cycles, are intrinsically connected to the necessity of lifelong learning for teachers. The model of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) strategies can be used to gain insight into the ways in which teachers manage their resources to remain in the profession, how they adapt to their professional lives in the context of lifelong learning, and how to develop effective policies to support the professional development of teachers. Although previous research has emphasized the primary factors that influence teachers' professional development and motivation, there is a scarcity of research on the strategies that teachers use to maintain their employment. In order to fill this gap, this study aims to adapt the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Scale (SOCQ) (Zacher &amp; Frese, 2011), which emphasizes the strategies that teachers use to remain effective in their professional lives, into Turkish. The sample of the study consisted of 299 teachers working in schools in Çekmeköy district of Istanbul province. In the adaptation process of the scale, Turkish translation, back translation, cross-checking, and Turkish face validity stages were followed. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the construct validity of the scale. The CFA revealed excellent fit indices for the scale. Consisting of 12 items and three dimensions, the reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient and composite reliability coefficient (CR). The internal consistency coefficient was 0.81, while the CR value was 0.902. The study's findings demonstrate that the Turkish version of the SOCQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing teachers' use of SOC strategies.

Developing an instrument to measure nurses' attitudes towards nursing students during clinical practice: A quantitative study

BackgroundSince nursing students' interactions with nurses in the clinical practice process play an important role in nursing education and practice, it is a necessity to evaluate nurses' attitudes towards students. AimTo develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the attitudes of nurses' towards nursing students in the clinical practice process. DesignThis study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. SettingsThe study was conducted in a public hospital in Turkey between February and April 2024. ParticipantsThe sample of the study consisted of 364 nurses. MethodsThrough literature review and qualitative data analysis, 40 items were identified for the item pool of the scale and these items were presented to 22 experts. After the content validity, the draft scale consisting of 32 items was used as a data collection tool. Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio, Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin Coefficient, Bartlett's test, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Varimax Factor Rotation Method, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Cronbach's Alpha Internal Consistency Coefficient, Spearman Correlation Coefficient and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests were used to analyze the data. ResultsAs a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that there were twenty-two items and five sub-dimensions in the scale. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.770 for the clinical experience and ethics sub-dimension, 0.811 for the collaboration sub-dimension, 0.792 for the desire to learn sub-dimension, 0.765 for the continuous development sub-dimension, 0.736 for the communication skills sub-dimension and 0.903 for the total scale. As a result of the test-retest reliability analysis, it was determined that all items and factor scores showed significant relationships between the two applications (p < 0.001). ConclusionsThe scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine the attitudes of nurses' towards nursing students in the clinical practice process.

Validity And Reliability Of Digital Health Education On Diabetic Foot Care Based On Health Belief Model Among Type Ii Diabetic Patients

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital health education on diabetic foot care among type II diabetic patients using the Health Belief Model (HBM). A total of 30 participants were recruited from local diabetes clinics to receive digital health education focused on diabetic foot care practices. To ensure the validity and reliability of the assessment tools, we employed multiple methods. Content validity was established through expert reviews, while construct validity was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), which confirmed a good factor structure aligned with the HBM constructs. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency, which showed acceptable values ranging from 0.67 to 0.84, and test-retest reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) ranging from 0.74 to 0.78. The results indicate that the digital health education program significantly improved the participants' understanding and practices related to diabetic foot care. These findings underscore the potential of digital education interventions for chronic disease management, particularly for enhancing self-care behaviors in diabetic patients. Future studies should consider larger sample sizes to further validate these tools and results. Overall, this study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of digital health education for diabetic foot care and validates the reliability and validity of the instruments used.

Investigation of Higher Education Students' Computational Thinking Skill Levels

Computational thinking skill is a skill that has its origins in ancient times but has gained importance today. The competences provided to individuals by computational thinking skills are also of great importance for the education system. Therefore, it is important for students to acquire and develop these skills in order to adapt to the requirements of the modern world. Based on this, in this study, the level of information processing thinking skills of higher education students was examined and the level of this skill was investigated in line with different variables. 'Computational Thinking' scale was used as a data collection tool in the study. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale. 96 was calculated as. Demographic characteristics such as gender, department, class and education level were taken into consideration. Quantitative research method was used in the study. The research was conducted with 298 participants studying in higher education. In the analysis of the data, independent t-test and ANOVA analyses were applied to determine the score differences between the groups. As a result of the study, higher education students were found to have high levels of computational thinking skills. Gender was found to be effective on computational thinking skills. As the level of education increased, it was determined that computational thinking skills increased. It was seen that the education given in different departments had an effect on computational thinking skills. Finally, it was found that there were significant changes in students' computational thinking skills as their grade level increased.

The standard assessment of global everyday activities is a valid and reliable scale to assess both physical and cognitive functionality in Turkish older adults

Aim This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Standard Assessment of Global Everyday Activities (SAGEA) scale in older adults. Methods The study employed a cross-sectional, methodological design. The SAGEA scale was administered twice, with a two-week interval for test-retest reliability. The study examined correlations between the SAGEA and other functional measures including the Activities of Daily Living (BADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results The participants were 307 community-dwelling older adults who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment at a university hospital. The average age of the participants was 74.93 years. SAGEA scores showed strong correlations with BADL (−.620), IADL (−.802), TUGT (.613), and MMSE (−.784). The Cronbach alpha for internal consistency was .79, and the test-retest reliability was high (r=.99, p<.001). Conclusion The Turkish version of SAGEA (TSAGEA) is a quick, reliable, and validated scale that can be easily used in clinical practice without additional training. It effectively assesses both physical and cognitive functionality in older adults, aiding in early intervention and disability prevention.

Concordance, reproducibility, and usability of a Brazilian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire in electronic format (Appsheet) to screen cognitive impairment in older women

ObjectiveTo analyze the agreement between instrument versions (paper vs. digital) of the MONTREAL COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT (MoCA), and evaluate the reproducibility and usability of the electronic instrument. MethodsA total of 118 community-dwelling older women, aged 60 to 79 years, participated in a two-stage data collection process. In the first stage, both the paper and digital versions of the MoCA were randomly administered. Two weeks later, a subset of the participants was randomly selected for a retest, performed only on the mobile phone. Data analysis included agreement coefficients, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, mean square differences, mean, and standard deviation to screen for mild cognitive impairment. ResultsThe results revealed substantial agreement (CCC=0.777; p < 0.001) and moderate to high internal consistency (α = 0.736). High reproducibility was observed across different age ranges, 60 to 69 years (CCC=0.752; p < 0.001) and 70 to 79 years (CCC = 0.772; p < 0.001), and usability was rated as excellent (76.25). ConclusionThese findings provide evidence that the electronic version of the MoCA (DS-MoCA) using a mobile phone is a valid alternative for cognitive assessment in older women.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Vestibular Migraine Patient Assessment Tool and Handicap Inventory.

There are insufficient tools to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular migraine. Hence, the aim of this study was to perform the Turkish adaptation of the Vestibular Migraine Patient Assessment Tool and Handicap Inventory (VM-PATHI). After the language and content validity was completed, a pilot study was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to test construct validity, and as a result of the validity analyses, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient and test-retest analyses were conducted for reliability. In the study, in which 289 participants were evaluated, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient was calculated as 0.903. The percentage of variance explained by the EFA was 67.246% and the range of factor load change was 0.433-0.828. The scale structure was tested with CFA and the model was confirmed with adequate goodness of fit index values. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was 0.931. The VM-PATHI is a valid and reliable tool for the subjective evaluation of vestibular migraine in Türkiye.