Alpha-amylase Activity Research Articles

Effects of repeated intramuscular injections on sow behaviour reactions and stress-related saliva biomarkers – A pilot study

Medicating large production animals, such as sows, individually can be challenging, especially when repeated treatments are needed. Intramuscular (i.m.) injections have been shown to be aversive, and an increased reaction could be expected over consecutive days of injections. The aim of this pilot study was to assess if daily repeated i.m. injections cause sows to react differently with time and if injection stress is reflected in increased stress- and pain-related saliva biomarkers. Additionally, the aim was to assess if oxytocin was related to the behaviour reaction of sows during injections. In total 37 sows were allocated randomly into four treatment groups: 1. Sham-injected (SHAM: 9 sows), 2. Control (CON: 11 sows), 3. Penicillin (PEN: 9 sows) and 4. Tetracyclin (TET: 8 sows). The reaction of the sows to injections over three days was subjectively assessed by two observers. Further, SHAM and TET sows were saliva sampled for stress-related biomarkers before and after injections. Treatment (p < 0.001) influenced the medication reaction. Pairwise comparisons showed that the reaction to SHAM treatment was less compared to CON (p = 0.002) and PEN treatments (p < 0.001), while reactions to SHAM did not differ from TET (p > 0.1). Reaction to PEN was higher than that to TET (p = 0.01), while PEN and CON did not differ from each other (p > 0.1). Day tended to affect medication reaction (p = 0.08). The reaction to all other treatments decreased numerically from day 1 to day 3, while this was not the case for the TET treatment. Changes in biomarkers were subtle. Oxytocin tended to increase after TET injection on day 3 (p = 0.05). For the SHAM treatment, some of the biomarkers (chromogranin A, alpha-amylase activity and total esterase activity) showed significant or numerically decreasing trends in POST vs PRE-treatment samples on both days. The oxytocin level before injections was higher in sows that did not react to the medication at all than in sows that showed any kind of reaction (p = 0.008). In conclusion, sows appeared to habituate to the handling and injection, depending on the level of discomfort caused by the injectable substance. Further, the results suggest a potential role of oxytocin in decreasing aversive reactions in sows to human handling.

Exploring Genetic Diversity in Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) for Pre-Harvest Sprouting Tolerance

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a condition triggered by environmental factors, particularly prevalent in humid conditions, leading to substantial yield losses in black gram. While the potential for genotypic PHS tolerance exists, it has not been thoroughly assessed in black gram. Hence, the present study aimed to delve into the genetic variation for PHS tolerance in diverse black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) germplasm, and also to comprehend the impact of various physical and physiological traits on PHS. A diverse set of 112 black gram accessions collected across the phytogeographical zones of India were examined for their seed and pod characteristics. Water absorption by pods and seeds and fresh-seed germination was calculated by following the standard procedure given by the International Seed Testing Association. The alpha-amylase activity was measured on dry seeds (0 h), 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after germination of each accession, using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer, and hard-seededness was measured using a texture analyzer machine. The results showed a wide range in PHS tolerance and FSG, and 13 accessions were found to be PHS-tolerant (PHS value &lt; 10%). An indicator of PHS, seed germination in a pod, ranged from 2.75% in IC485641 (highly tolerant to PHS) to 95.85% in IC530501 (highly susceptible to PHS). Correlation and multivariate analysis revealed that PHS was positively correlated with water imbibition by pod and seed, fresh-seed germination and alpha-amylase activity. PHS-tolerant accessions showed a slow increase in alpha-amylase activity, in contrast to PHS-susceptible accessions. The utilization of alpha-amylase activity as a biochemical marker has the potential for evaluating PHS tolerance across various black gram accessions. The identified PHS-tolerant accessions can be used as donors in crop improvement programs aimed at developing PHS-tolerant black gram varieties.

Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of collagen hydrolysate from Asian bullfrog skin and its application in dark chocolate

Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of collagen hydrolysate from Asian bullfrog skin and its application in dark chocolate

Relationship Between Stress And Alpha Amylase Levels Among Presenters

Background: Stress occurs when the internal homeostasis is disrupted by external environmental stressors. Salivary Alpha Amylase (sAA) levels are increased in response to stress, and it is frequently used as a biomarker of stress. Aims: To determine the relationship between stress and alpha-amylase levels among presenters by the difference in levels scored in pre and post presentation. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to achieve the objectives of the study and was achieved to determine the association between stress and salivary alpha amylase levels for presenters during the period from 10th. Jan, 2022 to Jan, 20th. Mar, 2022. The study was conducted by selecting a typical form of non-probability (Purposive) sample. The size of the sample of 70 participants was included in the study. Results: The relationship between stress and the level of alpha amylase concentration was low in post presentation in comparison with pre presentation (0.11±0.03) and (0.13±0.02) respectively. This result was statistically highly significant according to paired t-test and the P-value was &lt; 0.001. Furthermore, the level of Alpha amylase activity was low in post presentation in comparison with pre presentation (289658.5±76490.7) and (321693.9±52219.2) respectively. This result was statistically highly significant according to paired one group t-test and the P-value was&lt;=0.0001. Conclusion: It was concluded Stress was elevated in the post-presentation in compare with the pre-presentation. and the levels of alpha amylase were affected by the presenters’ age groups.

The efficacy of some synthetic monoterpenes and Yucca extract for controlling Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in wheat grain

The study’s objective was to assess the efficacy and to identify the toxic mechanisms of action of some plant-derived monoterpenes and yucca extract as alternatives to chemical insecticides against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Carvone, 1,8-cineole, cuminaldehyde, and linalool, as well as Yucca schidgera extract, were the control agents whose efficacy against the red flour beetle was tested in the laboratory and compared to malathion. The criteria for evaluating efficacy were the effects of the tested compounds on adult mortality and red flour beetle progeny. Furthermore, the effects of the control agents on some enzymes (Acetylcholinesterase, ά-amylase, and alkaline phosphatase) in T. castaneum were investigated. Moreover, the effect of the tested control measures on weight loss of treated wheat grain was studied. The tested substances showed a high ability to control T. castaneum with regard to adult mortality and offspring production, especially when used as fumigants. For adult mortality, malathion showed the highest potential against T. castaneum as a fumigant, followed by carvone, yucca extract, cuminaldehyde, linalool, and 1,8-cineole with LC 50 values of 0.05, 331.5, 365.1, 372.2, 460, and 467.5 mg · 1000 cm –2 after 72 hours, respectively. The highest reduction in progeny was for malathion followed by carvone, linalool, cineole, yucca extract, and cuminaldehyde with reduction percentages of 100, 90, 89.3,79.4 and 65.8%, respectively. The tested compounds significantly affected acetylcholinesterase activity, alpha-amylase activity, and alkaline phosphatase in the red flour beetle. There was no significant reduction in the weight of wheat grains treated with the tested materials compared to the untreated healthy grains. Finally, the tested compounds as fumigants, especially 1,8-cineole, can be considered as effective alternatives to control the red flour beetle.

Investigating temperature variability on antioxidative behavior of synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticle for potential biomedical application.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) have garnered significant attention due to their versatile redox properties and wound-healing applications. The antioxidative nature of CNP is due to its ability to be oxidized and reduced, followed by the capture or release of oxygen which is used for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, CNP is produced through a wet chemistry approach and its tunable redox property is tested across a range of temperatures. The synthesized CNP was observed to reveal the signature peak at 245nm indicating a high Ce+3/Ce+4 ratio. Towards evaluating the redox antioxidative behavior, CNPs were subjected to a comprehensive analysis for superoxide dismutase mimetic analysis with riboflavin-mediated nitroblue tetrazolium scavenging assay. The results demonstrated that the redox activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles was strongly influenced by the different temperature ranges. Superoxide dismutase mimetic activity was observed to be reduced with a decrease in temperature as we moved from 4°C (80% activity) to -80°C (47% activity) at 1mM conc of CNP. Similarly, the SOD mimetic activity increased with an increase in temperature from 40°C (72% activity) to 70°C (94% activity). Further, CNP was found to inhibit E. coli (gram+ve) and Enterobacter (gram-ve) beyond 70% simultaneously at 1mM conc, indicating its potential application as a remarkable antimicrobial agent. CNP also inhibited the alpha-amylase activity up to the 60% at 1mM conc suggesting its potential application in antidiabetic wound healing therapy. Overall, the CNP finds its application in mitigating the oxidative stress-related disorder exhibited by its high antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic behavior.

Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and in silico studies of in vitro sweet basil plantlets treated with chitosan and ZnO NPs

In this study, an efficient protocol was developed to obtain multiplicated, healthy sweet basil plantlets with larger leaves and a greener color by culturing them on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2iP. Chitosan and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were used as abiotic elicitors to maximize the main secondary metabolites (phenolic and flavonoid compounds and essential oil) in in vitro plantlets of sweet basil. Chitosan with a concentration of 4.0 mg/l recorded the maximum value of caffeic acid (1.189 mg/g DW), and 10 mg/l of ZnO NPs recorded the maximum content of rutin (0.936 mg/g DW). The plantlets cultured with 2.0 mg/l chitosan recorded the maximum percentage of essential oil (90.63%). 8,9-Dihydro-9-formyl cycloisolongifolene was the major compound (72.44%) and was detected in the plantlets treated with 2.0 mg/l chitosan. The inhibitory activity evaluation of α-amylase revealed that the maximum inhibitory activity was found in the plantlet control and those treated with 4.0 mg/l chitosan of the phenolic and flavonoid fractions. The maximum IC50 (7.36 ± 0.85) was found in the plantlet extract treated with 4.0 mg/l chitosan, followed by the plantlet control, which recorded 11.53 ± 0.86. Using AutoDuck 4.2 and PyMol software, it was revealed that rutin and caffeic acid compounds (the main active components) own hydrogen binding interactions and hydrophobic binding interactions with the active site of alpha-amylase from the porcine pancreas (PPA) enzyme with good binding energy (5.74 and 5.71 kcal/mol, respectively).

Optimization of cold active amylase production by mesophilic Bacillus cereus RGUJS2023 under submerged fermentation

Aim: To produce the highest amount of cold-active alpha-amylase within a short time using mesophilic bacteria with optimized media to save the energy consumption cost and obtain higher enzyme production. Methodology: Amylase producing twenty-three strains were isolated on starch peptone agar plates. Among them, one strain, A5 was selected on the basis of highest clear (12 mm) zone on starch peptone agar plates. It was characterized and identified following Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Enzyme was characterized as Cold alpha amylase. All physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, Inoculum size) including carbon, nitrogen, metal ion and amino acid sources were optimized for maximum production of the enzyme. The optimized media was used for enhancing the cold active amylase production. Results: The strain, A5 was identified as Bacillus cereus RGUJS2023 by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis for further experiments. This strain showed the highest activity (9.922± 0.143 U ml-1) on the basal starch peptone media. Though, crude enzyme showed its activity at 4°C to 48°C temperature, but the temperature was 28°C. The highest cold active enzyme was produced (18.87±0.06 U ml-1) at 16 hr of bacterial growth at 35 °C with a pH 6.5 in the optimized media containing 0.5% starch, 0.1% peptone and 0.03% MgSO4.7H2O as a carbon, nitrogen and metal ion sources, respectively, with addition of 0.03% arginine. Interpretation: The cold active alpha amylase could be used commercially for the benefit of pharmaceutical and starch processing industries. Key words: Bacillus cereus RGUJS2023, Cold-active amylase, Starch hydrolysis

Phytase and alpha-amylase activity are positively associated with seed vigor in common bean seeds

Phytase and alpha-amylase activity are positively associated with seed vigor in common bean seeds

ХИМИЯЛЫҚ ЗАТТАР КЕШЕНІМЕН АҒЗАНЫҢ УЛАНУЫ КЕЗІНДЕ ОРГАНИЗМДЕГІ БИОХИМИЯЛЫҚ МЕХАНИЗМДЕРДІҢ РӨЛІ

Assessment of health at the present stage urgently requires the development of scientific approaches to identify early changes in the state of the organism under the influence of negative effects of production factors. It is known that the functional state of the organism at work is influenced primarily by factors of the work process that cause tension of regulatory mechanisms (nervous, humoral, metabolic) under the regulatory influence of the CNS. The study of mechanisms of regulation of enzymatic activity is one of the most important tasks in the study of metabolic processes in living organisms and in the mechanisms of their adaptation to environmental factors. Enzymes are characterised by extremely high efficiency and specificity. In every living cell hundreds of biochemical reactions are taking place continuously carrying out decomposition and oxidation of nutrients coming from outside, as a result of which energy is generated for the transformation (synthesis) of organic substances, and enzymes are catalysing the rapid progress of these biochemical reactions. Each enzyme molecule performs several thousand to several million operations per minute, while the enzyme reacts with the substrate and accelerates its transformation and remains unchanged, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study of the influence of a complex of chemicals on the biochemical mechanism of the body of experimental animals, namely, on the enzyme profile, was carried out in the main workshops of Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium-Magnesium Combine. In the experiment were used sexually mature white rats line "Wister". The activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate-transferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase and alpha-amylase was determined to evaluate the changes in the enzyme profile. As a result of the experiment during exposure to a complex of toxic substances in workshops No1, No2, and No3, such as chlorine, hydrogen chloride, tetrachloride, phosgene, magnesium dichloride, changes in the enzyme status of the body of experimental animals were revealed. The revealed changes, apparently, are caused by influence of a complex of chemical substances influencing enzyme activity and biosynthesis in liver tissue.

Calcium signal regulated carbohydrate metabolism in wheat seedlings under salinity stress.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which calcium (Ca) signal regulated carbohydrate metabolism and exogenous Ca alleviated salinity toxicity. Wheat seedlings were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl, 150mM) alone or combined with 500μM calcium chloride (CaCl2), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and/or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to primarily analyse carbohydrate starch and sucrose metabolism, as well as Ca signaling components. Treatment with NaCl, EGTA, or LaCl3 alone retarded wheat-seedling growth and decreased starch content accompanied by weakened ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylation/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Rubisco activase activities, as well as enhanced glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, alpha-amylase, and beta-amylase activities. However, it increased the sucrose level, up-regulated the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SuSy) activities and TaSPS and TaSuSy expression together, but down-regulated the acid invertase (SA-Inv) and alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N-Inv) activities and TaSA-Inv and TaA/N-Inv expression. Except for unchanged A/N-Inv activities and TaA/N-Inv expression, adding CaCl2 effectively blocked the sodium salt-induced changes of these parameters, which was partially eliminated by EGTA or LaCl3 presence. Furthermore, NaCl treatment also significantly inhibited Ca-dependent protein kinases and Ca2+-ATPase activities and their gene expression in wheat leaves, which was effectively relieved by adding CaCl2. Taken together, CaCl2 application effectively alleviated the sodium salt-induced retardation of wheat-seedling growth by enhancing starch anabolism and sucrose catabolism, and intracellular Ca signal regulated the enzyme activities and gene expression of starch and sucrose metabolism in the leaves of sodium salt-stressed wheat seedlings.

Thymol, a bioactive component of ocimum gratissimum linn. leaf ameliorated diabetes-induced exocrine pancreas insufficiency in male wistar rats

Background and aims: Exocrine pancreas insufficiency characterized by decreased pancreatic enzyme activity is one of the conditions associated with prolonged diabetes mellitus. Anti-diabetic activity of Ocimum gratissimum linn. leaf in experimental animals is well documented and using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis, thymol has been identified as one of its bioactive components. This study investigated the effect of thymol on pancreatic alpha amylase activities and oxidative stress biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats grouped into four as Control, THY, DIA, and DIA+THY were used. Animals in DIA and DIA+THY were diabetic orally administered distilled water and thymol (20 mg/kg), respectively, while control and THY were normal rats treated similarly for 14 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), liver function, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers were determined in the blood while the pancreas was obtained for amylase activities. Results: Thymol treatment in the DIA+THY decreased FBG (119.75 ± 20.10 mg/dl), cholesterol (129.22 ± 8.34 mg/dl), triglycerides (116.41 ± 8.34 mg/dl), and low-density lipoprotein (101.89 ± 8.28 mg/dl) when compared with the DIA (209.25 ± 46.88 mg/dl, 156.31 ± 16.21 mg/dl, 143.13 ± 14.81 mg/dl, and 131.23 ± 13.38 mg/dl, respectively). Increased alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase observed in DIA were reversed in the Dia+THY. Pancreatic amylase activity was reduced in DIA (3.01 ± 0.50 Activity/mg.protein) compared with control (6.4 ± 0.42 Activity/mg.protein) and this was increased in DIA+THY (6.73 ± 0.39 Activity/mg.protein) relative to DIA. Increased plasma malondialdehyde and decreased catalase activity were observed in the DIA group and these were reversed in the DIA+THY group Conclusions: Thymol has hypoglycemic properties and stimulates pancreatic alpha-amylase activity through a mechanism that may be linked to its antioxidant properties.

Evaluation of salivary alpha amylase activity in smokers with periodontitis, Khartoum state, 2023

Introduction and aim. Smoking widely affect oral health, including its role in the development of periodontitis. Saliva contains an antioxidant system and various enzymes. The study was designed to evaluate the activity of salivary alpha amylase among individuals who smoke and have periodontitis. Material and methods. A total of 100 participants were included, with 50 cases (cigarette smokers with periodontitis) and the remaining 50 nonsmokers with healthy periodontium as the control group. Saliva samples were collected to measure salivary alpha amylase activity. Results. Smokers with periodontitis had significantly higher levels of salivary alpha amylase compared to the control group (177.96±14.5 vs 94.04±19.6 IU/mL, p&lt;0.001). Additionally, there was a weak negative correlation between the level of alpha amylase and the age of the patients (p=0.01, r=0.376). However, no correlation was found between the level of alpha amylase and the duration of smoking (p=0.584, r=0.079). Conclusion. There is a significant increase in salivary alpha amylase levels among smokers with periodontitis. No correlation was found between age and salivary alpha amylase levels. However, a weak positive correlation was observed between the duration of smoking and salivary alpha amylase activity.

Potential Biopesticides from Seed Extracts: A Sustainable Way to Protect Cotton Crops from Bollworm Damage

In the current study, the inhibitory effect of extracts from Gramineae (wheat, barley, and corn) and Leguminosae (sophora, bean, and pea) seeds was studied on the digestive alpha-amylase activity in cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner). The insect was bred on artificial food based on Vigna unguiculata in the greenhouse condition (26 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 10% (Relative Humidity), R.H., 16:8 (Light: Darkness), L: D). The extracts of wheat (95.2%), barley (84.6%), corn (73.8%), sophora (77%), Vigna unguiculata (52%), and pea (56.7%) significantly inhibited the alpha-amylase activity in H. armigera. Studying the impact of different fractions (obtained via deposition at various concentrations of ammonium sulfate salt) on the alpha-amylase enzyme activity demonstrated that in 0–30% fractions, wheat, barley, and sophora have the highest effect (95.26%, 94.65%, and 94.73%, respectively) compared to the other fractions. The inhibitory activities of 0–30% fractions of corn, bean, and pea were 83.3, 56.94, and 50.92%, respectively. In 30–50% fractions, the most effective ones were those of wheat and barley with the inhibitory activity of 79.7% and 82.9%, respectively. In addition, bean and pea fractions inhibited 25.2% and 27.5%, in that order. No significant inhibitory impact was detected in 50–70% or higher fractions. The investigation of the impact of pH values (i.e., 2, 4, 8, and 10) on the inhibition of the alpha-amylase enzyme activity introduced 8–10 as the optimum pH in H. armigera. Nanotechnology offers several ways to enhance plant-based pesticides, which are a solution for making plant extract usage more efficient. The exploration of plant-based pesticides, in conjunction with the incorporation of nanotechnology and other scientific fields, offers a wide range of prospects for further investigation.

Comprehensive Characterization of Micronized Wholemeal Flours: Investigating Technological Properties across Various Grains.

With a suitable milling system, it is achievable to produce wholegrain flours that match the granulation and technological properties of refined flours while maintaining a complete nutritional profile. This process also minimizes the generation of additional industrial waste. This study aimed to characterize wholemeal flours with a fine granulation size of less than 160 µm: wheat (MWF), rye (MRF), spelt (MSF), barley (MBF), buckwheat (MBWF), and sorghum (MSGF). For comparison, the plain wheat flour type 530 (T530) was analyzed. The flours were assessed in terms of their chemical compositions and alpha amylase activities (the Falling Number assay), pasting properties (amylograph and a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA)), water absorption using a farinograph, and technological quality based on their water (WRC) and sodium carbonate solvent retention capacity (SRC) profiles. Among the micronized wholemeal flours, wheat flour (MWF) exhibited the highest nutritional value, greatest water absorption, and highest final gelatinization temperature, but had the lowest energy value, carbohydrate content, water SRC, and sodium carbonate SRC. Wholemeal rye flour (MRF) displayed the lowest nutrient content and the highest amylolytic activity, water absorption, and sodium carbonate SRC. The plain wheat flour type 530 (T530) had the lowest water absorption. Special buckwheat flour (MBWF) showed the highest energy value due to its elevated carbohydrate content, along with the lowest sugar and TDF contents, amylolytic activity, and pasting temperature.

Changes in quality characteristics and metabolites composition of wheat under different storage temperatures

The quality variation of wheat post harvesting is strongly affected by storage temperature. Low temperature storage can alleviate the quality deterioration in wheat after harvest. However, the mechanism regarding metabonomics analysis between different storage temperatures in postharvest wheat remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the changes in wet gluten content, fatty acid values, Catalase (CAT) activity, alpha-amylase activity, pasting properties changes, as well as the differentially expressed key metabolites in wheat, stored at 15, 20, and 30 °C for 180 days. In our study, wheat storage, processing, and edible quality remained steady at 15 °C and 20 °C storage temperatures, and wheat quality drastically degraded at 30 °C. Through non-targeted metabolomics analysis, carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism pathways were proven to be involved in wheat storage. Specifically, gamma-glu-cys and 4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid were up-regulated; adenine, l-gluconic acid, linoleic acid, 13(s)-HPODE, 9(s)-HPODE, 9-OxoODE, n-acetyl-l-glutamic acid, and trans-2,3-dihydroxycinnamate were down-regulated at 15 °C and 20 °C. These substances helped maintain the stability of cellular structures within the wheat kernel. The study's findings revealed the low-temperature impact mechanism on high moisture wheat from the perspective of metabolite changes. This may provide a scientific basis for the efficient preservation of wheat.

Clinical Significance of Salivary Alpha-amylase Activity in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

Clinical Significance of Salivary Alpha-amylase Activity in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease

Antihyperglycemic and aphrodisiac effect of West African Albizia (Albizia zygia) leaves-inclusive diet in diabetes-induced erectile dysfunctional rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceWest African Albizia (Albizia zygia DC J. F. Macbr) leaves are a tropical plant that are frequently used in folkloric medicine to treat a number of illnesses, including type 2 diabetes (TY2D) and erectile dysfunction (ED), without having a complete scientific foundation. Aim of the study: This investigation examined the effect of action of dietary augmentation of Albizia zygia leaves (AZL) on rat sexual functioning and important enzymes related to TY2D and ED. Materials and methodsThirty matured adult Wistar rats of the weight 180–200 g were acclimatized in a lab environmental condition for two weeks prior to experiment given food and water to acclimate. Twenty-four of the rats got high fat diet (HFD) for periods of two weeks before receiving streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally (i.p.), 35 mg/kg body weight single dose. Six rats got basal diets. Type 2 diabetes was identified in rats 72 h after STZ treatment. Rats were then used to evaluate the mounting number, mount delay, intromission number, and intromission latency. ResultsFollowing that, meals supplemented with AZL (5% or 10% inclusion) were given to diabetic-ED rats for 14 days. AZL was added. Therefore, in diabetic-ED rats, AZL supplementation could significantly (p0.05) lower blood glucose levels and the activities of alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase, phosphodiesterase-5, and arginase. In the case of diabetic-ED treated rats in consideration with diabetic-ED control group, nitric oxide levels were increased along with sexual function. ConclusionThus, experimental results of this study demonstrated rats that consumed AZL in their diets had less erectile dysfunction. In order to address ED caused by diabetes, AZL could be suggested as functional meals.

PSII-30 Effect of Dietary Alpha-Amylase Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Crossbred Dairy Beef Bulls Fed Pellet Or Mash High-Concentrate Diets

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary alpha-amylase supplementation on growth performance and carcass quality in crossbred dairy beef bulls fed either pellet or mash high-concentrate diets. Two parallel studies were conducted in two barns. In the first barn, 138 bulls (170 ± 2.3 kg of BW, and 148 ± 0.7 days of age) were grouped in 8 pens of 16 to 19 animals/pen and fed pelleted concentrate (PELLET study); and in the second barn, 148 (180 ± 1.6 kg of BW, and 150 ± 0.7 days of age) were grouped in 8 pens of 17 to 19 animals/pen and fed mash concentrate (MASH study). All bulls were fed concentrate (Table 1), straw, and water ad libitum. In each study, pens were assigned to one of 2 treatments: 1) CTR, no amylase supplementation; 2) RUM, RumiStar600 CT concentrate inclusion [630 mg/kg DM, based on 600 kilo novo units (KNU) of alpha-amylase activity]. After 196 days, divided in seven 28-days periods, where daily concentrate intake per pen, and BW per animal every 28 days was recorded animals were transported to slaughterhouse at different days within a month. Also, on days 0, 42, 84 and 168 concentrate samples were collected for enzyme activity and nutrient content analyses. Carcass quality was recorded at the slaughterhouse, bulls of PELLET study were slaughtered on average at 236 days of study and bulls of MASH study were slaughtered on average at 226 days of study. Data of each study were analyzed using a mixed model. In PELLET study, growth performance and carcass quality were not affected by treatments; however, conformation grade (SEUROP) was improved (P = 0.03) in RUM bulls compared with CTR bulls (score R: 18 vs. 5 %; score O: 54 vs. 56 %; score P: 28 vs. 39 %; RUM vs. CTR, respectively). Moreover, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was numerically (P = 0.11) improved in RUM fed bulls compared with CTR fed bulls (4.65 vs. 4.99 kg DM/kg, RUM vs. CTR, respectively;). In the MASH study, only an interaction between treatment by time in BW (P = 0.04) was observed; RUM bulls tended to be heavier than CTR bulls in the period 7 (476 vs. 470 ± 3.2 kg, RUM vs. CTR, respectively; P = 0.10). In conclusion, in crossbred dairy beef bulls fed high-concentrate diets with alpha-amylase supplementation (600 KNU of alpha-amylase activity/kg DM of concentrate) for at least 196 days improved FCR and carcass conformation grade when concentrate presentation form was pellet.

PSII-29 Effect of Dietary Alpha-Amylase Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance, Eating Pattern and Carcass Quality in Crossbred Dairy Beef Bulls Fed High-Concentrate Diets.`

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary alpha-amylase supplementation on growth performance and carcass quality in crossbred dairy beef bulls fed high-concentrate diets. Ninety-nine bulls (187 ± 2.6 kg of BW, and 146 ± 1.0 days of age) were grouped in 6 pens of 15 to 17 animals/pen and fed concentrate, straw, and water ad libitum. Pens were assigned to one of 2 treatments: 1) CTR (n = 51), no treatment; 2) RUM (n = 48), RumiStar600 CT concentrate inclusion (630 mg/kg DM, based on 600 kilo novo units (KNU) of alpha-amylase activity). After 168 days, using twelve 14-days periods to record daily concentrate intake per animal, daily water consumption per pen, and fortnightly BW per animal animals were transported to slaughterhouse within one month, the whole study lasted an average of 210 days. Also, on days 0, 42, 84 and 168 concentrate samples were collected for enzyme activity and nutrient content analyses. Carcass quality was recorded at the slaughterhouse. Data were analyzed using a mixed model. The BW was greater (P &amp;lt; 0.01; interaction treatment by time) in RUM than in CTR treatment from period 1 to period 12. Concentrate intake tended (P = 0.10) to be greater in RUM than in CTR treatment in periods 1, 9 and 10. Bulls from RUM treatment had a greater (P &amp;lt; 0.01) ADG and a better feed conversion ratio than CTR bulls in periods 8, 10 and 12. Water consumption was similar between treatments, and no health problems related to treatments were recorded. Treatment did not affect carcass conformation. Preslaughter BW (539 vs. 523 ± 6.4 kg, RUM vs. CTR, respectively; P = 0.01) and hot carcass weight (306 vs. 295 ± 4.1 kg, RUM vs. CTR, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.01) were greater in RUM than in CTR bulls. Also, fatness grade tended (P = 0.08) to be greater in RUM than in CTR treatment (score 1: 8 vs. 25 %; score 2: 77 vs. 63 %; score 3: 15 vs. 12 %; RUM vs. CTR, respectively). In conclusion, dietary alpha-amylase supplementation (600 KNU of alpha-amylase activity/kg DM of concentrate) for at least 168 days improved growth performance and carcass quality in crossbred dairy beef bulls fed high-concentrate diets.