Resin-bonded SiC-Al-Si composite was prepared and sintered under flowing nitrogen at 1600℃. By adjusting the Al/Si ratio, the controllable synthesis of various non-oxide reinforcing phases was achieved. The phase evolution mechanism was revealed, providing a theoretical foundation for the production and application of novel SiC-based refractory. As flowing nitrogen contained traces of oxygen, both Al and Si in the surface layer of the samples may be oxidized and nitrided. As the Al/Si mass ratio increased, the phase evolution in the surface layer of sintered samples followed this sequence: Si5AlON7→Si3Al3O3N5+AlN-SiC solid solution→AlN-SiC solid solution +Al2O3→Al7O3N5+Al2O3. As Al and Si consumed oxygen and generated non-oxides with multi-morphic sealed pores in the surface layer, the inner layer remained oxygen-free and low-nitrogen, leading to different phase evolution. As the Al/Si mass ratio increased, the phase evolution in the inner layer followed: Si3N4→AlN-SiC solid solution→AlN-SiC solid solution (content increase)→Al4SiC4. The synergistic toughening of various non-oxide resulted in a cold crushing strength of sintered samples exceeding 150 MPa. A reaction model was established.