Alloxan Rats Research Articles

Induction of Diabetes Mellitus Using Alloxan in Sprague Dawley Rats.

The use of rodent models for diabetes, particularly with pancreatic islet transplantation, has been prevalent in various preclinical trials. The purpose of this study is to establish a diabetes mellitus (DM) model in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using alloxan evaluated by assessing alloxan dosage, the induction rate of diabetes, and glucose stability through insulin treatment. Over the course of 13 experimental rounds, diabetes was induced in 86 SD rats using alloxan at concentrations of 200 mg/kg (16 rats) or 150 mg/kg (70 rats). Various parameters, including diabetes induction rates, average insulin doses, extent of weight loss, and adverse effects such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), were measured. The administration of 200 mg/kg of alloxan in rats resulted in severe diabetes induction, leading to DKA in three individuals, despite daily insulin glargine administration, DKA prevention was unsuccessful. The stability of alloxan decreases over time, especially when refrigeration is compromised during weighing. In the group treated with 150 mg/kg of alloxan, the diabetes induction rate was 83%. The average insulin dose was 2.21 units/kg/day. In contrast, the group treated with 200 mg/kg of alloxan exhibited a diabetes induction rate of 81% with a statistically significant higher average insulin requirement at 7.58 units/kg/day compared to 150 mg/kg of alloxan. Inducing diabetes in rats with 150 mg/kg of alloxan is considered more suitable for creating a diabetes model for xenogeneic islet transplantation compared to using 200 mg/kg of alloxan. This is due to fewer complications related to DKA or hyperglycemia and reduced need for exogenous insulin treatment.

Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Activity of Asphodelus Tenuifolius in Normal and Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

Asphodelus tenuifolius is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). The current study aims to investigate the antidiabetic activity of Asphodelus tenuifolius in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of whole Asphodelus tenuifolius plant were prepared by using the maceration process. DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (140 mg/kg b.w) in rats. Glibenclamide was used as the reference drug. In an acute study, ethanolic extract of Asphodelus tenuifolius (ATEE) and aqueous extract of Asphodelus tenuifolius (ATAqE) were administered in 200 and 400 mg/kg doses to normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Both extracts (ATEE and ATAqE) significantly lowered the blood glucose level of both normal and diabetic treated rats in a concentration dependent fashion. However, ATEE produced prominent results at the dose of 400 mg/kg. In a fourteen-day study, ATEE considerably decreased the blood glucose level of alloxanized rats. The results were similar to the reference drug, that is, glibenclamide. In the prolonged study, the effects of ATEE on liver enzymes and hematological parameters of diabetic rats were also studied. Hb level and platelet count was increased in ATEE-treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control. However, it did not affect other hematological parameters. ATEE significantly decreased the ALP level as compared to diabetic control. Although, the test extract did not significantly alter the SGOT and SGPT levels. Further, the phytochemical testing of ATEE revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. It was concluded that Asphodeleus tenifolius possesses antidiabetic activity. More comprehensive studies are needed in the future to explicate the mechanism of action and to characterize the phyto-components of this plant.

ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT BROCOLI (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. ITALICA) IN WHITE MALE RATS

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by excessive blood glucose levels caused by absolute and relative insulin deficiency. The stages in this study were sampling, identification of samples/plants, simplification, simplification screening, and preparation of extracts by maceration. The method used in the diabetes activity test uses a glucometer to induce alloxan in rats at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. The test animals were 25 rats which were divided into 5 treatment groups namely CMC Na 0.5% (negative control), glibenclamide (positive control) 0.45 mg/kg body weight and EEB dose 200 mg/kg body weight, 400 mg/kg body weight and 600. mg/kg body weight. kg B.W. kg body weight as a test material given orally. Measurement of blood glucose values ​​according to Allox and on days 3, 5, and 7 after administration of the test substance, namely EEB. The test results data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level followed by Tukey's post hoc test. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that EEB contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. The results of the diabetes efficacy test showed that EEB doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg BW had an anti-diabetic effect on male white rats. The EEB dose of 600 mg/kg is the most effective. Post hoc Tukey test results showed that EEB doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg were not significantly different from the positive control glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg (p>0.05) and 200,400 ug. and 600 mg/kg BW were significantly different from the negative control CMC Na 0.5% (p<0.05).

Pharmacognostic analysis and antidiabetic potential of selected marketed polyherbal formulations

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is increasing day by day due to comfort in daily life. So, there is an increase demand of the polyherbal formulations worldwide for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. So quality assurance of these products of great concern in developing countries like Pakistan. Methods: The PHFs were collected from the local market. Their quality control parameters, pharmacognostic evaluation, in vivo antidiabetic assay and oral glucose tolerance were evaluated and compared with standard drug metformin. Objectives: The objective of this study was phytochemical evaluation and Comparative evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of PHFs. Results: In the in vivo antidiabetic assay, the PHFs showed the time and dose dependent lowering in the blood glucose level of the alloxan (150mg/kg) rats at days 1, 4, 8, 12, 16 compared to the diabetic control group (p < 0.001). zubex, (PHF) showed maximum hypoglycemic effect at both doses (250,500 mg/kg). The ziabeen (PHF) cause the lowering in the blood glucose level but not in the significant way. Dawa-e-ajeeb ziabetees showed efficacy at the dose (500 mg/kg) not showed significant efficacy at dose (250 mg/kg). PHFs at 250,500 mg/Kg improved oral glucose tolerance overload in rats compared to hyperglycemic control group (p < 0.001), like metformin. Conclusion: It was concluded that tested PHFs were of standard quality control, while zubex have maximum antidiabetic activity compared to the standard drug.

The Effectiveness of Walnuts Extract and Metformin on Blood Sugar Level Reduction in Hyperglycemic Induced Alloxan Rats

The Effectiveness of Walnuts Extract and Metformin on Blood Sugar Level Reduction in Hyperglycemic Induced Alloxan Rats

Effect of liraglutide on microcirculation in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus associated with absolute insulin deficiency

Introduction . Liraglutide therapy has been shown successful in improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the prospects of this drug use in treating patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus remain unclear. Therefore, the studies of liraglutide angiotropic effects have considerable scientific and practical interest. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors agonist – liraglutide – on microcirculation in conditions of alloxan-induced insulin deficiency in white rats. Materials and methods . The study was carried out in 40 white nonlinear rats that were divided into control (n=20), comparative (10 rats with alloxan-induced diabetes at a dose of 100 mg/kg) and experimental (10 animals with alloxan-induced diabetes that were treated with liraglutide) groups. Liraglutide at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day was injected subcutaneously in animals of the experimental group from Day 21 till Day 42 of the experiment. On Day 42 of the experiment, the concentrations of glucose and glycated hemoglobin in the blood in animals of the comparison and the experimental group were evaluated, as well as the microcirculation of dorsal skin of posterior paw was monitored with Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). Results . Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism induced by alloxan in rats entailed pronounced changes in the microcirculation of posterior paw dorsal skin, associated with a decrease in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increased neurogenic tone. Treatment with liraglutide caused normalization of glycemic metabolism and significantly (р<0,00001) increase perfusion of posterior paw dorsal skin in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes to 12,9 (12,4;13,4) perfusion units regarding to 9,6 (9,1; 10,1) in animals of the comparison group. Restoration of posterior paw skin microvascular perfusion under the influence of liraglutide was realized by stimulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Conclusions . The administration of liraglutide in a dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day for 21 days in rats with alloxan diabetes leads to normalization of carbohydrate metabolism and restoration of normal perfusion of posterior paw dorsal skin.

Antioxidant effects of Moringa oleifera seed oil against oxidative stress induced by alloxan in rats.

Background: Type I diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome manifested with chronic hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion. Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus has been associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with inflammatory mediators. There is no allopathic cure for T1DM; therefore, novel strategies for cost-effective plant origin treatments are needed to be formulated with fewer side effects. The research aims to analyze the potential effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed oil, tracking certain biochemical markers and antioxidant enzymes in Alloxan induced diabetic rats.&#x0D; Methodology: Eighteen male Wistar rats having weights of 180-220 g were distributed into 3 groups (n=6). Group I: served as Control group, Group II: served as Alloxan treated and Group III: served as Alloxan + MO treated. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneally administered Alloxan dissolved in 0.9 % NaCl solution (120 mg/kg body weight). In group III, rats were also given 1.5 ml/kg body weight of MO seed oil daily from 4th day of Alloxan administration. The rats were decapitated just after the 21st day for biochemical and antioxidant assessments.&#x0D; Results: Treatment with MO seed oil has shown a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in plasma glucose, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. In contrast, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were not-significant (p&gt;0.05) as compared with untreated control groups. Insulin and total protein levels had a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in Alloxan+MO treated group compared to the Alloxan treated group. Also, the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased (p&lt;0.05), whereas catalase (CAT) activity was not-significant (p&gt;0.05) in Alloxan+MO treated group as compared with Alloxan treated group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our study showed that MO seed oil is a potent anti-oxidative hypoglycemic agent capable of improving other clinical conditions related to either oxidative stress or diabetes mellitus, such as the hepatic, renal and pancreatic functions.

Antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidant properties of hydromethanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf in alloxan monohydrate-induced hyperglycemic rats

Purpose: To investigate the antihyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic and antioxidant properties of hydromethanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf in alloxan monohydrate-induced hyperglycemic rats.&#x0D; Methods: Hydromethanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf was tested at dose range of 25 to 100 mg/kg against vehicle (distilled water) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg, reference standard) in alloxaninduced hyperglycemic rats. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed in the identification of phytoconstituents. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels as well as the histopathology of the pancreas of the animals were evaluated.&#x0D; Results: The extract (25 mg/kg) significantly reduced FBG, lipid profile and malondialdehyde levels relative to vehicle treated group but increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase levels and reversed alloxan-induced pancreatic islet cell degeneration. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 4,5-dimethylthiazole (4.38%), benzenesulfonic acid, methyl ester (15.62%), benzenesulfonyl chloride (40.62%), benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl- (21.25%), 2(5H)-furanone, 4-methoxy-5-phenyl-(12.50%), and p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (5.62%)&#x0D; Conclusion: The hypoglycemic effect of the extract validates the folkloric uses of E. speciosa leaf in the ethnobotanical care of diabetes mellitus.&#x0D; Keywords: antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-dyslipidemic, Eremomastax speciosa

Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Salvadora persica leaf extracts in alloxanized rats

In this study thirty-five male albino rats weighing 170-190 g (two months age). Were used to evaluating the Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Salvadora persica leaf extract in hyperglycemic rats induced by alloxan in addition to its effects on kidney functions, lipids profile, and hepatic functions. These rats were fed on the standard diet for two weeks to adjust before the experiment began; Rats were separated into five groups. Each group contains seven rats. The healthy control rats (Group 1) were fed on the standard diet. The (group 2), (group 3), (group 3) and (group 5) were injected with one dose of alloxan monohydrate at (150 mg per kg of body weight). The hyperglycemic control rats (group 2) were fed on standard diet. The hyperglycemic rats for group 3, group 4 and group 5 were treated with leaf extract of Salvadora persica orally at 50,100 and 150 mg/kg of body weight per day for six weeks respectively. From the results of present work indicate that, the hyperglycemic rats untreated with Salvadora persica leaf extracts (group 2) showed increased in serum glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids, (LDL-c) low density lipoprotein, (VLDL-c) very low density lipoprotein, renal function, Serum, (AST) aspartate aminotransferase activity and (ALT) alanine aminotransferase and decreased in insulin and (HDL-c) high density lipoprotein relative to healthy control rats (group 1). Treating the hyperglycemic rats in group 3, group 4 and group 5 with leaf extract of Salvadora persica were improved the histological and biochemical changes nearly to the healthy rats (group 1).

Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reduces alloxan-induced kidney damage by decreasing nox4, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and metalloproteinase-2.

We examined the effect of the NFκB inhibitor pyrrolidine-1-carbodithioic acid (PDTC) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, and oxidative and inflammatory kidney damage in alloxan-induced diabetes. Two weeks after diabetes induction (alloxan-130mg/kg), control and diabetic rats received PDTC (100mg/kg) or vehicle for 8weeks. Body weight, glycemia, urea, and creatinine were measured. Kidney changes were measured in hematoxylin/eosin sections and ED1 by immunohistochemistry. Kidney thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide anion (O2-), and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels, and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were analyzed. Also, kidney nox4 and iNOS expression, and NFkB nuclear translocation were measured by western blot, and MMP-2 by zymography. Glycemia and urea increased in alloxan rats, which were not modified by PDTC treatment. However, PDTC attenuated kidney structural alterations and macrophage infiltration in diabetic rats. While diabetes increased both TBARS and O2- levels, PDTC treatment reduced TBARS in diabetic and O2- in control kidneys. A decrease in NOx levels was found in diabetic kidneys, which was prevented by PDTC. Diabetes reduced catalase activity, and PDTC increased catalase and SOD activities in both control and diabetic kidneys. PDTC treatment reduced MMP-2 activity and iNOS and p65 NFκB nuclear expression found increased in diabetic kidneys. Our results show that the NFκB inhibitor PDTC reduces renal damage through reduction of Nox4, iNOS, macrophages, and MMP-2 in the alloxan-induced diabetic model. These findings suggest that PDTC inhibits alloxan kidney damage via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Histopathological alterations of male and female reproductive systems induced by alloxan in rats

The objective of this study is to determine the histological effects experimentally induced by injection of alloxan 100 mg/kg B.w. on the histopathological structure of reproductive organs of male and female albino rats. The results showed that treatment with alloxan cause alteration in testis include irregular shape and size of seminiferous tubules, irregular division of spermatid cells, degeneration and necrosis of Sertoli cells and paucity of sperms in the lumen of tubules. While histological examination of epididymis showed the lumen of it free from sperms, thickening of muscular layer and interstitial tissue between the epididymis canal. The histological alteration of female reproductive organs includes disturbances in development of primary follicles of ovaries, hemorrhage in the interstitial tissue as well as atrophy in the uterine glands with hyperplasia of the epithelial cells of uterus. The conclusion of this study showed that alloxan cause histological alteration in reproductive organs of male and female rats.

Momordica charantia improves biochemical indices in alloxan-induced diabetic rat model

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a serious disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism researchers on alternative medications in the management of diabetes with low costly and little or no side effect over long-term use still continue. Aim and Objective: This study evaluated how Momordica charantia (MC) improved biochemical indices in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five male rats whose weights were between 150 and 200 g used for this study were divided into five groups with five rats per group. Group A received water, Groups B, C, D, and E were all diabetic but received water, aqueous leaf extract of MC, aqueous leaf extract of MC, and anti-diabetic drug and anti-diabetic drug only, respectively. Treatments were carried out for 21 days; from the blood sample, liver enzymes, lipid profile, blood electrolytes, and glucose were determined using standard methods. Results: Observation from results showed that blood glucose, liver enzymes, lipid profile, and blood electrolytes in diabetic groups treated with MC when compared with diabetic group reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The management of diabetes induced with alloxan in rats treated with aqueous leaf extract of MC reduced the chance of chronic renal failure, hyperlipidemia, liver disease, and excessive gain in body weight.

Antidiabetic Potentials of Citrus aurantifolia Leaf Essential Oil.

Citrus aurantifolia leaf essential oil was extracted via hydrodistillation, chemical composition of the oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and its antidiabetic potentials was assessed in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic rats using metformin as the reference drug for comparison. Chemical analysis showed that D-limonene (57.84%) was the major constituent of the oil. Other notable compounds identified were neral (7.81%), linalool (4.75%), sulcatone (3.48%) and isogeraniol (3.48%). Intraperitoneal administration of C. aurantifolia oil (100 mg/Kg b.wt.) to hyperglycaemic rats for 14 days caused significant reduction in fasting blood and hepatic glucose, whereas hepatic concentration of glycogen was significantly increased. Also, improvement in dyslipidaemia was observed in C. aurantifolia essential oil-treated hyperglycaemic rats; serum concentration of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly reduced and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was increased, resulting in decreased predisposition of rats to cardiac risks. Antihyperglycaemic potential of administration of the oil was lower but compared favourably with the oral antihyperglycaemic agent used as reference antidiabetic drug. Overall, data from this study showed that essential oil from the leaf of C. aurantifolia grown in North-Central Nigeria is a D-limonene chemotype. The oil showed considerable glucose lowering effect as well as the potential to ameliorate hyperglycaemia-induced dyslipidaemic complications in alloxanized rats.

Effect of Quail Egg Administration on Some Liver Function Related Parameters

There are a lot of testimonies on the therapeutic efficacies of quail egg on diabetics and on liver disorders. This study investigated synthetic and conjugatory states of the liver in diabetic rats administered varying concentrations of quail egg solution. Thirty (30) adult male albino Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 6 rats each. Groups 2-5 of rats were injected with alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally at the dose of 160 mg/kg, while rats in group 1 served as normal control. Upon establishment of fasting blood glucose level above 126 mg/dl, the rats in groups 2-4 were administered 30, 15 and 7.5 mg/ml of quail egg solution respectively for 7 days. Rats in groups 1 and 5 received distilled water (10 ml/kg) each. All treatments were through the oral route. At the end of the 7 days duration of the study, blood samples for serum protein and bilirubin assays were collected. Results indicated that the quail egg administration to alloxanized rats did not alter total serum protein and albumin values, but improved significantly (p&lt;0.5) the conjugated bilirubin values compared to that of the negative control group (group 5). It was concluded that administration of quail egg solution to alloxanized rats aided hepatic conjugatory ability with little or no effect on its synthetic function.

Effect of Chromium Picolinate and Melatonin either in Single or in a Combination in Alloxan Induced Male Wistar Rats

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder due to improper secretion of insulin or action of insulin regardless of hyperglycemia in the body. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in the development of insulin resistance and DM. Objective: The present study, designed to assess the role of chemically induced ROS and also the effect of chromium picolinate (CrPic) and melatonin (Mel) alone or in combination (CrPic+Mel) along with ROS on insulin resistance, blood glucose, lipid, and oxidative stress variables in alloxan induced Wistar rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats have been categorized into five groups and group consists of six rats. Group I served as untreated, while group II, III, IV, and V, were treated with alloxan (AID), alloxan+CrPic (AID+CrPic), alloxan+Mel (AID+Mel), and alloxan+CrPic+Mel (AID+CrPic+Mel) respectively. Results: Insulin resistance was greatly increased in group AID rats compared with untreated rats. A similar increase was seen in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerols compared between group II and untreated (P<0.05). Significant differences were observed when group group III, group IV, and group V rats were compared with group II rats in blood glucose and lipid variables (P<0.05). But prominent significant differences were observed between group group II and group IV experimental rats in serum levels of zinc, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione (P<0.05) respectively. Histopathological findings suggest that the Mel and CrPic+Mel treated rats had normal renal tubular architecture compared with group II rats. Relatively normal architecture of liver and pancreas was observed in alloxan rats treated with Mel and CrPic+Mel. Conclusion: CrPic and Mel alone or in a combination prevented pathological alterations in the serum and in tissues due to their anti-hyperglycemic, insulinsensitizing, anti-dyslipidemia, and antioxidant activity, but Mel alone was most effective.

Anti-diabetic effect of aqueous fruit extract of &lt;em&gt;Borassus aethiopum&lt;/em&gt; (Mart.) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

&lt;p&gt;Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels and is among the top ten causes of death in the world. Borassus aethiopum Mart. (family Arecaceae) is a plant species of Borassus palm found widely across Africa. It serves an important source of food, providing edible fruits, and nuts, and also has a number of pharmacological uses that have been reported in some parts of the world. &lt;br /&gt;Objective: The current study was aimed at assessing the phytochemical constituents as well as the antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effect of fruit extract of B. aethiopum in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.&lt;br /&gt;Materials and Methods: The fruits extract was prepared (FEB) and phytochemical constituents evaluated using standard methods. The antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic properties in alloxanized rats assessed for 7 and 28 days. Normoglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated with FEB at doses of 100 mg, 250 mg and 500 mg/kg body weight. Observations on body weight, relative organ weight, haematological and biochemical parameters were measured in both acute and sub-chronic circumstances. &lt;br /&gt;Results: The presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids and alkaloids were detected. Fasting blood glucose was reduced significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05) in diabetic rats in acute study at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight and at 250 mg and 500 mg/kg body weight in sub-chronic studies. WBC and PLT levels were significantly increased after treatment with 500 mg/kg body weight. Urea and ALT levels also reduced significantly in both acute and sub-chronic studies. &lt;br /&gt;Conclusion: The aqueous fruit extract of B. aethiopum is antidiabetic. It was also found to be nephron- and hepato-protective as well as boosting the immunity of the animals.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of Pre-treatment with Moringa oleifera (Drumstick) Leaves on Diabetogenesis Produced by Alloxan in Rats

Background: Medicinal plants constitute an important source of potential therapeutic agents for diabetes.Objective: In the study, we aimed to investigate the pre-treatment effect or preventive effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves on blood sugar of rats.Materials and method: This experimental study was carried out in the department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Sir Salimullah Medical College in collaboration with Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka. A total 24 long Evans rats were included in this study and divided in to four groups. Hyperglycemia was induced on rats using alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight, intraperitioneally). Blood sample was collected from tail vein by tail tipping method. Pre-treatment effect or preventive role of Moringa oleifera (drumstick) leaf powder on diabetogenesis produced by Alloxan in rats was tested by giving 50 mg/rat/day Moringa oleifera leaf powder for 14 days orally as pre-treatment along with standard rat feed. Then alloxan was administered intraperitoneally on 15th day of the experiment and 50mg/rat/day Moringa oleifera leaf powder was given for 7 days as post-treatment.Results: No significant effect of MO on blood glucose level was observed on normal rats and non significant hypoglycaemic effect was found in rats that were pretreated with MO.Conclusion: The present study suggests that Moringa oleifera leaf powder did not produce any significant protective effect in diabetogenesis produced by alloxan though it has hypoglycaemic effect.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 63-67

Nigella sativa Oil Potentiates the Effects of Pioglitazone on Long Term Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of combination of Nigella sativa oil and pioglitazone on long-term alloxan-induced diabetic rats. In short-term (two weeks) alloxan-induced diabetic rats, N. sativa oil (NSO) reduced significant amount of glucose in blood, TC, TG and LDL-C and increased significant amount of HDL-C compared to diabetic rats. However, pathological changes of pancreas’s Islets of Langerhans were observed after long-term (four weeks) induction of alloxan in rats. Administration of NSO recovered Langerhans cells from shrinkage whereas pioglitazone displayed slight recovery. But the combination therapy showed complete recovery of Langerhans cells as compared with diabetic rats. Combination of drugs significantly reduced the TC, TG and LDL-C level as well as increased significant amount of HDL-C level to the normal level. Combination also increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity compared with diabetic rats. The results suggest that treatment with combination therapy was more effective than mono-therapy for preventing diabetes as N. sativa oil potentiates the effects of pioglitazone on long term alloxan-induced diabetic rats. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i2.22296 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(2): 143-151, 2013

Evaluaton of hypoglycaemic activity of Aegel marmelos alcoholic seed extract in experimental models of hyperglycemic rats

The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of alcoholic seed extract of Aegel marmelos in comparison with glibenclamide in in vivo using alloxan rat model.The diabetic rats were orally given glibenclamide and alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos for 21 days. The effects were studied in vivo. Oral administration of alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos decrease the level of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein (LDLP), very low density lipoprotein(VLDLP) significantly while increasing HDL-cholesterol. Alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos was also evaluated for oral glucose tolerance(OGTT) characteristics. In conclusion, alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos had potential antidiabetic activity. Further it has been observed that the seed extract have positive effect on liver and kidney parenchyma.

Evaluaton of hypoglycaemic activity of Aegel marmelos alcoholic seed extract in experimental models of hyperglycemic rats

The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of alcoholic seed extract of Aegel marmelos in comparison with glibenclamide in in vivo using alloxan rat model.The diabetic rats were orally given glibenclamide and alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos for 21 days. The effects were studied in vivo. Oral administration of alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos decrease the level of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein (LDLP), very low density lipoprotein(VLDLP) significantly while increasing HDL-cholesterol. Alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos was also evaluated for oral glucose tolerance(OGTT) characteristics. In conclusion, alcoholic seed extract of Aegle marmelos had potential antidiabetic activity. Further it has been observed that the seed extract have positive effect on liver and kidney parenchyma.