Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the antihyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic and antioxidant properties of hydromethanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf in alloxan monohydrate-induced hyperglycemic rats.
 Methods: Hydromethanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa leaf was tested at dose range of 25 to 100 mg/kg against vehicle (distilled water) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg, reference standard) in alloxaninduced hyperglycemic rats. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed in the identification of phytoconstituents. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels as well as the histopathology of the pancreas of the animals were evaluated.
 Results: The extract (25 mg/kg) significantly reduced FBG, lipid profile and malondialdehyde levels relative to vehicle treated group but increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase levels and reversed alloxan-induced pancreatic islet cell degeneration. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 4,5-dimethylthiazole (4.38%), benzenesulfonic acid, methyl ester (15.62%), benzenesulfonyl chloride (40.62%), benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl- (21.25%), 2(5H)-furanone, 4-methoxy-5-phenyl-(12.50%), and p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (5.62%)
 Conclusion: The hypoglycemic effect of the extract validates the folkloric uses of E. speciosa leaf in the ethnobotanical care of diabetes mellitus.
 Keywords: antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-dyslipidemic, Eremomastax speciosa
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is described as chronic endocrine and/or metabolic disorder usually characterized by insulin deficiency, insulin resistance or a combination of both [1]
The fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the various treatment groups did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) on day 0 while on day 7 and 14 the FBG of glibenclamide and E. speciosa extract (ESE) treated rats were within the normal range (< 120 mg/dl) and significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of the vehicle treated rats (> 126 mg/dl) (Table 2)
The results of this study have shown that the hydromethanol extract of Eremomastax speciosa possesses significant antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidant properties
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is described as chronic endocrine and/or metabolic disorder usually characterized by insulin deficiency, insulin resistance or a combination of both [1]. The treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes involves change of lifestyle (diet and physical exercise), insulin and oral hypoglycemic drug therapy [8]. The limitation of insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs are the development of some side effects like hypersensitivity reaction, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, obesity, sodium retention, osteoporosis etc [9,10,11]. Despite the side effects of insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs most diabetic patients from the underdeveloped countries depend on herbal preparations for the management of their health conditions. This has been attributed to poverty, cultural inclination, high cost of treatment and inadequate access to health facilities [12]
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