Alloxan-induced Diabetic Model Research Articles

Ameliorating effect of glutathione-enriched herbal formulation (glothione) on alloxan-induced experimental diabetic model by modulating oxidative stress and pathogenesis.

Diabetes Mellitus is a common metabolic or endocrine disorder that occurs as a result of insufficient amounts of insulin secretion or defect in the action of insulin produced from pancreatic beta cells. Antioxidant containing food items are very effective in reducing complications that arise due to diabetes, indicating that it may be beneficial for treating metabolic disorders. In this study, we used some essential nutrients enriched with glutathione, named as Glothione (GN), and evaluated the antidiabetic effect of GN in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The treatment with GN showed significant reduction in the blood glucose level, HbA1c level, and liver markers like SGOT, SGPT, and ALP and shows increased antioxidant status and decreased inflammatory markers. Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver tissue showed that there were no abnormalities in the rat after the administration of GN. Thus, antioxidant-enriched formulation of GN can be used as a potent hypoglycaemic drug. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Glothione is a glutathione-enriched formulation that contains essential nutrients required for the normal functioning of the body. Recent trends in lifestyle and food habits have been noted to cause health risks and subject the body through physical and physiological stress--hence the importance of antioxidant-rich foods. Antioxidants are capable of boosting metabolism and other physiological processes. Thus, the consumption of GN can enhance the antioxidant status within the body. GN does not contain any chemical ingredients so it will not cause any side effects. It has a strong antidiabetic effect and is also able to control a number of diseases.

Methanol leaf extract of Momordica charantia protects alloxan-induced hepatopathy through modulation of caspase-9 and interleukin-1β signaling pathways in rats

Background and Aim:Momordica charantia is a highly valued plant, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. The plant is reported to have a wide range of medicinal uses. This study was designed to explore the ameliorative potential of M. charantia methanol leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic animal model with a particular focus on the liver.Materials and Methods:Hepatoprotective effect of methanol leaf extract of M. charantia was assessed in alloxan-induced toxicity in 50 rats divided into five groups (A-E) (n=10). Group A normal control, Group B was toxicant group, and Group C animals received glibenclamide treatment while Groups D and E received extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. Histopathological changes, blood glucose level, and serum enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, oxidative status and caspase-9, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were evaluated.Results:Extract-treatment caused a decreased blood glucose level, markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Treatment of rats with leaf extract of M. charantia resulted in increased levels and activities of protein thiols, non-protein thiols, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase indicating its antioxidant potential. The liver section revealed mild distortion of the hepatic architecture compared to the toxicant group, while decreased expressions of caspase-9 and IL-1β in extract-treated groups was observed.Conclusion:The plant extract exhibited antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, thus showing its hepatoprotective property.

Evaluation of alloxan on induction of diabetes in albino rats

Background: Alloxan-induced diabetes model is used as a “study tool” to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease and much more as a “search engine” for antidiabetic compounds with better therapeutic characteristics. It was the first agent used in the category of chemically induced diabetes to create a model of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Other chemicals being streptozocin, dexamethasone, insulin antibodies-induced diabetes.Methods: Albino rats were divided into four groups with ten rats in each group. Alloxan monohydrate 2%, solution which was dissolved in 0.9% of sodium chloride (normal saline) as a diluent and given intraperitoneally to rats and blood glucose estimation made by using glucometer. Total 40 albino rats were taken and divided into 4 groups. 10 rats receiving normal saline were grouped as Group A, 10 rats received alloxan at a dose of 150 mg/kg as Group B, 10 rats received alloxan at a dose of 160 mg/kg as Group C and 10 rats received alloxan at a dose of 170 mg/kg as Group D.Results: Highest rate of mortality and alopecia were noted in group D receiving alloxan at a dose of 170 mg/kg whereas highest percentage of fluctuation in fasting blood glucose range was seen in group C receiving alloxan at a dose of 160 mg/kg.Conclusions: Such unpredictable response shows that alloxan is not ideal drug for induction of diabetes in experimental animal. Mortality, fasting blood glucose returning to non-diabetic range and alopecia are the chief drawbacks.

Effects of Trigonella Foenum Greacum in Combination with Ginger Zingiber Officinale on Nephrotoxicity in an Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats model

Effects of Trigonella Foenum Greacum in Combination with Ginger Zingiber Officinale on Nephrotoxicity in an Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats model

The effect of sappan wood extracts in treating diabetes induced in mice

Background: Since 2015, an estimated 415 million people had diabetes worldwide. Although, there is no scientific research related to the effectiveness of chemical substance (brazilin) in Caesalpinia sappan L. that can decrease blood glucose level in humans, many people in Sulawesi consume this wood for diabetes treatment. This study aimed to prove the effect of sappan wood extract on decreasing blood glucose levels in mice and to identify the most effective dose. Methods: Experimental research (pretest and posttest randomized controlled group design) was conducted on 20 male albino mice [body weight (bw): 20–30 g] used as alloxan-induced diabetic models and were divided into four treatment groups according to alloxan dose: control and 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 g/kg bw (n = 5 for all groups) groups. Results: Significant effects of sappan wood extract on decreasing blood glucose levels in mice were noted in the pretest and posttest (p values are 0.754 and 0.901 respectively). Conclusions: Sappan wood extract could reduce blood glucose levels in mice with diabetes induced by alloxan at 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 g/kg bw. The extract with 0.50 g/kg bw dose was the most effective in decreasing glucose levels in hyperglycemic mice.

Duloxetine protects against experimental diabetic retinopathy in mice through retinal GFAP downregulation and modulation of neurotrophic factors

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is recognized as one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Searching and validation for a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent its progress are promising. This work aimed to assess the retinal protective effects of duloxetine (DLX) in Alloxan-induced diabetic mice model. Animals were equally and randomly divided to four groups (eight mice per group); group 1: is the control group, 2: diabetic group, 3&4: diabetic and after 9 weeks received DLX for 4 weeks (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg), respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed nerve growth factor (NGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) genes upregulation in the diabetic group compared to controls. Also, increased retinal malondialdehyde (MDA) and the decline of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were observed. The morphometric analysis of diabetic retina revealed a significant reduction in total retinal thickness compared to control. Diabetic retinal immunostaining and Western blot analyses displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) proteins expression upregulation as well as glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) downregulation comparing to controls. However, DLX-treated groups showed downregulated NGF, iNOS, and TGF-β that was more obviously seen in the DLX-30 mg/kg group than DLX-15 mg/kg group. Furthermore, these groups showed amelioration of the oxidative markers; MDA and GSH, retaining the total retinal thickness nearly to control, GFAP and VEGF downregulation, and GLUT-1 upregulation compared to diabetic group. Taken together, it could be summarized that duloxetine can attenuate DR via the anti-inflammatory and the anti-oxidative properties as well as modulating the angiogenic and the neurotrophic factors expressions. This could hopefully pave the road to be included in the novel list of the therapeutic regimen for DR after validation in the clinic.

Antidiabetic effect of the scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus body extract using alloxan-induced diabetic mice model

The antidiabetic effect and mode of action of Socrpio maurus palmatus body extract were evaluated in diabetic mice induced by alloxan. 24 male albino mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 was injected intraperitoneally with physiological saline. Group 2 was injected (i.p., daily for 5 weeks) with 300 mg/kg of the scorpion aqueous extract. Group 3 was received alloxan (150 mg/kg, i.p). Group 4 was diabetic and treated with scorpion extract (300 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 5 weeks). Several relevant biochemical parameters and histological examination of Langerhans islets were evaluated. The administration of scorpion extract significantly elevated the level of plasma insulin which was concomitant with a remarkable decrease in the level of blood glucose in diabetic mice. Furthermore, scorpion extract showed a notable ameliorative effect through enhancing the status of antioxidants and recovering the altered biochemical parameters in diabetic mice. Interestingly, scorpion extract significantly increased the number of β-cells and the size of pancreatic islets in diabetic mice. Accordingly, the obtained results demonstrate the antidiabetic effect of scorpion extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice through its antioxidant and regeneration capacity.

Antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Sigesbeckia orientalis (St. Paul’s Wort) in alloxan-induced diabetes model

The current study evaluated antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of aqueous extract of Sigesbeckia orientalis L. (St. Paul’s Wort) (AESO) in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Following OECD guidelines safe doses of AESO were assessed in rats for the main study. Serum/bood glucose, α-amylase, and lipids levels and histopathological evaluations were conducted to assess antidiabetic and associated antihyperlipidemic efficacies of AESO. AESO was found to be safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in glucose and lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins) levels was observed in AESO treatment groups. Serum α-amylase, high-density lipoproteins, and total body weight was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats treated with AESO. Histopathological data showed improvement in hepatocyte and pancreatic β-cells islets architecture. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid in AESO which are suggested to be responsible for observed antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic attributes. Further studies to standardise the extract and evaluation of safety profile in long-term toxicity studies are recommended for safe and effective antidiabetic nutraceuticals development.

Metformin-decavanadate treatment ameliorates hyperglycemia and redox balance of the liver and muscle in a rat model of alloxan-induced diabetes

MetfDeca treatment ameliorate glucose and insulin levels, and reduce the levels of oxidized glutathione, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxyalkenal; the superoxide and catalase activities, and glutathione levels were regulated.

EFFECTS OF CINNAMON EXTRACT IN DIABETIC RAT MODELS IN COMPARISON WITH ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC DRUGS

Objective: To evaluate the anti diabetic effect of cinnamon extract in alloxaninduced diabetic animal model (albino rats) in comparison with oral hypoglycemic drugs. StudyDesign: An Experimental study. Place of Study: Al Tibri Medical College, Isra University, KarachiCampus. Duration of Study: December 2012 to December 2013. Materials and Methods: Total60 Albino rats of both genders were divided into 6 groups consisting of 10 rats in each group.Each group of animals was further divided into two sub groups containing 5 rats in each groupResults: The results obtained from the data indicated that there is significant reduction in bloodglucose level rats treated with low dose of cinnamon extract. The animals of low dose cinnamonextract (200mg/kg. bw) when compared with other groups; there is a reduction in the bloodglucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Also tolbutamide and acarbose treated groupsshowed better antidiabetic effects as compared with cinnamon extract treated groups (pvalue&lt;0.007 and p value&lt;0.012 respectively), but cinnamon extract treated group showedsynergetic effects when it was given in combination with tolbutamide or acarbose havingsignificant p value&lt;0.001 and p value&lt;0.011 respectively. Conclusions: Tolbutamide andAcarbose showed better anti diabetic effect in comparison with cinnamon extract treated groupswhen used individually. This effect was enhanced when cinnamon was used in combination witheither tolbutamide or acarbose.

Antidiabetic activity, glucose uptake stimulation and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Chrysophyllum cainito L. stem bark extract

BackgroundChrysophyllum cainito L., a tropical fruit tree, has been used as an alternative medicine for the treatment of diabetic patients in many countries. However, there is very limited scientific rationale for this medical use. The present study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the extract from C. cainito stem bark and the possible mechanisms underlying this activity.MethodsPhytochemistry and in vitro antioxidant capacity of the extract were studied. Hypoglycemic activity of the extract was examined in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The effect of C. cainito extract on glucose absorption and glucose uptake were conducted using mouse isolated jejunum and abdominal muscle, respectively. Finally, an in vitro effect of C. cainito extract on α-glucosidase activity was evaluated.ResultsC. cainito extract possessed a strong antioxidant activity comparable to the ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene. The extract at 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the area under curve of blood glucose level in oral glucose tolerance test in normal mice. In alloxan-induced diabetic model, similar to glibenclamide, a single dose of the extract significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level from 387.17 ± 29.84 mg/dl to 125.67 ± 62.09 mg/dl after 6 h of administration. From the isolated jejunum experiment, the extract at any doses used did not inhibit glucose absorption. However, the extract at 50 μg/ml significantly increased the amount of glucose uptake by abdominal muscles in the presence of insulin (P < 0.05). Lastly, it was found that the extract produced stronger inhibition of α-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 1.20 ± 0.09 μg/ml) than acarbose (IC50 = 198.17 ± 4.74 μg/ml).ConclusionDirect evidence of antidiabetic activity of C. cainito stem bark with possible modes of action, glucose uptake stimulation and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, was reported for the first time herein. These data support the potential use of this plant for the treatment of diabetic patients.

Taxifolin prevents postprandial hyperglycemia by regulating the activity of α-amylase: Evidence from an in vivo and in silico studies.

There has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications globally. The postprandial stage of DM involves prompt elevation in the levels of blood glucose and α-amylase, a carbohydrate-metabolizing enzyme is mainly involved in the regulation of postprandial hyperglycemia. This study was designed to assess the ability of a well-known flavonoid, taxifolin (TFN), against postprandial hyperglycemia and its inhibitory effects on α-amylase activity through the assessment of therapeutic potentials of TFN in an alloxan-induced diabetic animal model. The binding potential TFN with an α-amylase receptor was also investigated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and docking of to compare the binding affinities and energies of TFN and standard drug acarbose (ACB) with target enzyme. TFN significantly improved the postprandial hyperglycemia, lipid profile, and serum levels of α-amylase, lipase, and C-reactive protein in a dose-dependent manner when compared with that of either DM-induced and ACB-treated alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, TFN also enhanced the anti-oxidant status and normal functioning of the liver in alloxan-induced diabetic rats more efficiently as compared to that of ACB-treated alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Therapeutic potentials of TFN were also verified by MD simulation and docking results, which exhibited that the binding energy and affinity of TFN to bind with receptor was significantly higher as compared to that of ACB. Hence, the results of this study signify that TFN might be a potent inhibitor of α-amylase that has the potential to regulate the postprandial hyperglycemia along with its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties during the treatment of DM.

Гипогликемические свойства пектина из тыквы (Cucurbita maxima d.) при аллоксан-индуцированном сахарном диабете

Биохимическим маркером сахарного диабета и его тяжелейших осложнений является гипергликемия. В качестве новых средств растительного происхождения, обладающих гипогликемической активностью, в настоящее время рассматривают пектины. Цель исследования - оценка функциональных свойств пектина, полученного из тыквенного жома с использованием кавитационно-мембранной технологии. Методика. Использована модель аллоксан-индуцированного сахарного диабета. Эксперимент проводили на крысах - самцах Wistar (инъекции раствора аллоксана моногидрата из расчета 43 мг/кг массы). Развитие диабета подтверждалось уровнем глюкозы (&gt;10 мМ) в периферической крови. Для тестирования гипогликемической активности тыквенного пектина опытной группе крыс внутрижелудочно с помощью металлического зонда (Kent Scientific, США) вводили 5% раствор пектина в дистиллированной воде в дозировке 25 мг/100 г живой массы в сутки в течение 3 нед. Пектин, полученный из тыквенного жома с использованием кавитационно-мембранной технологии, имел следующие характеристики: диапазон молекулярных масс 90-120 кДа, содержание полигалактуроновой кислоты в среднем около 75% и степень этерификации 72%, что позволяет его отнести к пектинам с высокой степенью этерификации. Результаты. У животных 2-й и 3-й групп по истечении 1-3 нед. после воспроизведении диабета выявлена гипергликемия - уровень глюкозы в цельной крови был значимо выше. Статистический анализ «size effect» показал, что в начале эксперимента различия в уровне глюкозы в крови животных 2-й и 3-й групп незначительны (d = 0,39). Через 3 нед. они достигают среднего эффекта (d = 0,50). Этот факт можно расценивать как тенденцию к нормализации уровня глюкозы на фоне приема тыквенного пектина. Значимое снижение сывороточной концентрации фруктозамина в опытной группе показало гипогликемический эффект тыквенного пектина. Введение пектина животным также снижало содержание холестерина в печени и сывороточную концентрацию неэстерефицированных жирных кислот (НЭЖК), демонстрируя его гипохолестеринемические свойства. Антиоксидантные свойства пектина проявлялись нормализацией уровня ТБК-реактивных продуктов в сыворотке крови опытной группы животных. Заключение. Подтверждены гипогликемический, гипохолестеринемический и антиоксидантный эффекты пектина из тыквы (Cucurbita maxima D.) при аллоксан-индуцированном сахарном диабете.Hyperglycemia is a biochemically defined initial symptom of diabetes and its serious complications (atherosclerosis, retinopathy, kidney damage). Pectins are currently considered as novel plant-produced hypoglycemic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate bio-functional properties of pumpkin pectin obtained from pumpkin pulp using cavitation-membrane technologies in a model of alloxan-induced diabetes. Methods. Male Wistar rats were used in the experiments. Diabetes was modeled by injections of 4.3% alloxan monohydrate solution. The development of diabetes was confirmed by glucose concentration in peripheral blood (glucose levels of &gt;10 mM in whole blood was consistent with diabetes). To test the hypoglycemic activity of pumpkin pectin, a 5% pectin solution in distilled water was administered to rats of the experimental group (25 mg/100 g body weight, daily, for three weeks) through a metal gastric tube (Kent Scientific, USA). Results. A significant decrease of fructosamine concentration observed in the experimental group indicated a hypoglycemic effect of pectin. Administration of pectin to animals also reduced concentrations of cholesterol in liver and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in blood serum, which demonstrated cholesterol-lowering properties of pectin. Antioxidant properties of pectin provided a decrease in serum TBA-reactive products to the level observed in non-diabetic rats, in pectin-treated diabetic animals compared to the untreated diabetic group.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight &amp; Arn. Using Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Murine Model

A multimillion-dollar boom is achieved every year by the ethnopharmaceutical companies, creating awareness around the globe to use herbal medicines to stay and live a healthy life. Nearly, two-thirds of the plants were discovered for herbal remedies, and some plants are even endangered to get extinct from the globe for their repeated utility. Sarcostemma brevistigma is one among the undiscovered medicinal plants which belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae found distributed in Indian states of Bihar, Bengal, Konkan, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. This study was intended to determine the antidiabetic property of plant extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma evidenced by biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, with the histopathological analysis in diabetic induced mice. Animals that were orally treated with the S. brevistigma extract showed blood glucose lowering effect when compared to the alloxan-induced mice, i.e., from 391.5 ± 6.3 to 193.6 ± 4.3mg/dL. There is the significant increase in insulin level (P < 0.05) (27.97 ± 1.6mIU/L) which is comparable to the metformin administered test group (30.35 ± 0.6mIU/L). A significant difference (P < 0.05) of both ALT and AST levels were observed when compared to the other groups. A significant increase in antioxidant activity (reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase) in plant extract administered group was observed when compared to the other treatment groups. Histopathological studies showed abnormalities in the liver, pancreas, kidney, lungs, heart, and spleen of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The abnormalities were found to be normalized to a considerable extent after treatment with S. brevistigma extract. The results stood as evidence for S. brevistigma as an active antidiabetic herbal plant.

Administration of Curcuma longa Extract Topically does not Accelerate Skin Excision Wound Closure in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice Model

Administration of Curcuma longa Extract Topically does not Accelerate Skin Excision Wound Closure in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice Model

DPP-IV Inhibitory Potential of Methanolic Extract of Pueraria Tuberosa in Liver of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Model

DPP-IV is usually found to be over expressed in many pathological conditions of Liver via disturbing immune system, lipid accumulation, ECM degradation etc. The main objective of this work was to explore the effect of methanolic extract of Pueraria tuberosa (PTME) against Alloxan induced liver damage with respect to its potential of inhibiting DPP-IV activity. PTME was prepared through continuous soxhlet extractor. Alloxan injections were given to the same age group with weight range of 80-100 g Charles foster albino male rats at the dosage of 120mg/kg bw. Rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 was given with PTME dose of 20mg/100 g bw for 7 days, Group 2 for 14 days, Group 3 for 30 days, Group 4 for 40 days and Group 5 taken as an Alloxan control. Animals were sacrificed at their respective time along with the normal rats. DPP-IV activity in liver homogenates were done through the kit based on fluorescence ELISA. After treatment with PTME (20 mg/100 g bw) at different time intervals, the alloxan induced stress enhanced DPP-IV activity in liver significantly decreased in a time dependent mannerin. This short study provides an idea, how PTME protects liver via its potential role as DPP-IV inhibitor. But it needs further deep study to reveal the overall mechanism at pathological, clinical and molecular basis in different models of liver diseases.

Resveratrol regulates hyperglycemia-induced modulations in experimental diabetic animal model

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that is associated with variable degrees of glucose intolerance, impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production. The aim of present study was to investigate the therapeutic potentials of resveratrol (RSV) alone and/or in combination with vitamin-E (Vit-E) against hyperglycemia-induced modulations using experimentally alloxan-induced diabetic animal model. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes mellitus in white albino rats and metformin (MF) was used as standard anti-diabetic drug to compare the therapeutic potentials of RSV (alone and/or with Vit-E) by estimating the effect of treatment on glycemia, insulin resistance, liver and kidney function biomarkers, anti-oxidant status, and serum levels of calcium and magnesium. The results of present study indicate the RSV (P < 0.001) alone and/or in combination with Vit-E (P < 0.001) exhibited a highly significant therapeutic potentials by ameliorating the glycemia-induced modulations. Moreover, we also found that RSV in combination with Vit-E also exhibited a better therapeutic effects when compared with that of MF (P < 0.001) and Vit-E (P < 0.05), respectively. Hence, we conclude that RSV alone and/or in combination with Vit-E exhibit its significant therapeutic potentials against hyperglycemia-induced modulations in experimental diabetic animal model and may be one of the most exciting prospect for future treatment of T2DM.

ACCELERATED WOUND HEALING ABILITY OF SACRAN HYDROGEL FILM BY KERATINOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

Objective: The main objective of the research work was to fabricate sacran hydrogel film containing keratinocyte growth factor (Sacran/KGF-HGF), and to evaluate their wound healing ability in alloxan-induced diabetic mice model.Methods: The physicochemical characterization of Sacran/KGF-HGF were investigated by thickness, tensile strength, swelling ratio, x-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and biodegradability. The wound healing ability was investigated by creating two full-thickness excisional wounds inalloxan-induced diabetic mice.Results: The thickness, tensile strength, and swelling ratio results showed that KGF in the Sacran/KGF-HGF improved not only the thickness of sacran hydrogel film (Sacran-HGF), but also the tensile strength and swelling ability of Sacran-HGF. The XRD and SEM results confirmed that the Sacran/KGF-HGF were amorphous and similar morphology to Sacran-HGF, respectively. The biodegradability results revealed that the Sacran/KGF-HGF degraded for about 41.29% in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 22.92% in TrypLE™ (recombinant enzyme) solutions. In addition, KGF improved the degradability of Sacran/KGF-HGF in both solutions. Interestingly, the Sacran/KGF-HGF, which was applied on wound site, considerably improved the wound healing ability of Sacran-HGF at 6, 9 and 12 d in alloxan-induced diabetic mice model, compared to control (non-treated).Conclusion: These results suggest that KGF has the potential to promote the chronic wound healing ability of Sacran-HGF.

Identification of bioactive glucose-lowering compounds of methanolic extract of Hodgsonia heteroclita fruit pulp.

We have investigated the anti-oxidative and glucose-lowering effects of 70% methanolic extract of H. heteroclita fruit pulp (MHE). Anti-oxidative property of MHE was assessed by free radical scavenging assays and compound level screening by LC-MS profiling. In silico analysis and in vivo preclinical validation were also performed using molecular docking and alloxan-induced diabetic model, respectively. MHE showed high anti-oxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay with an IC50 of 0.37 μg/mL. The LC-MS profile of MHE substantiated the presence of p-hydroxy acids including benzoic, salicylic, p-coumaric, o-coumaric, caffeic, protocatechuic, gentisic, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, gallic, vanillic, syringic, and ferulic acids. Among these, caffeic acid was the most likely compound to interact with 1R0E at Val70, Ala83, Lys85, Gly97, Asp133, Val135, Leu188, Cys199, and Asp200, and with 1Q4L at Ile62, Ala83, Asp133, Tyr134, Val135, Arg141, and Val170. Treatment of rats with MHE showed significant reduction in serum glucose levels as compared to control rats. Taken together, the results show that MHE has compoundswith anti-diabetic effect, which could be partially due to the anti-oxidant effects of the active components in MHE.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of kaempferol as the antidiabetic principle fromCucumis sativusL. fruits

This study was aimed at isolating the antidiabetic principle of Cucumis sativus fruit using in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic model. Antidiabetic activity was monitored using in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, and in vivo alloxan-induced diabetic rats models. The active principle was isolated using column chromatography and identified with high performance liquid chromatography. The extract and chromatographic fraction B from C. sativus fruit lowered blood glucose of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extract inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 652.43 and 540.42 μg/mL, respectively. Similarly, Fraction B inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 51.24 and 29.37 μg/mL, respectively. Fraction B also reversed altered lipid profile and oxidative stress biomarkers of diabetic rats. HPLC fingerprint revealed that the Fraction B was kaempferol. Data obtained from this study showed that kaempferol isolated from C. sativus is responsible for its α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, glucose lowering, antidyslipidemic, and antioxidant activities. Practical applications Consumption of cooked or fresh Cucumis sativus L. fruits could help in the management of diabetes and reduction of postprandial glucose. Furthermore, the fruit extracts could be developed into phytoceutical supplements for managing diabetes and its associated complications including dyslipidemia and oxidative stress.