Alloxan-induced Diabetes Research Articles

New Insights on the potential therapeutic effects of glibenclamide and Obeticholic acid against Alloxan-Induced diabetes mellitus in rat model

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a highly prevalent metabolic disorder across the globe. This study aimed to determine the ameliorative efficacy of glibenclamide (Gli) and obeticholic acid (OCA) against biochemical and pathological changes related to alloxan-induced diabetes. Twenty male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups; Control group, Diabetic group: received intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg) for induction of diabetes, Diabetic + Gli group: Diabetic rats treated daily with oral Gli (5 mg/kg) and Diabetic + OCA group: Diabetic rats treated daily with oral OCA (10 mg/kg). All rats were subjected to 30 days treatments. Our results indicated that Gli successfully ameliorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia with a significant decline in serum pancreatic lipase activity and increased insulin level, while OCA had the same effect but without any enhancement in serum insulin levels. Additionally, the disturbances in liver function-related parameters and the evoked oxidative stress, interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 in the liver and pancreas were abrogated upon treatment with Gli and OCA. Furthermore, Gli and OCA increased AMP-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expressions and downregulated sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c mRNA expression. Besides, Gli and OCA have alleviated diabetes-induced histopathological distortions in hepatic and pancreatic tissues and enhanced the immunoexpression of insulin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen with decreased immune reactivity of glucagon within pancreatic tissues. Gli and OCA decreased the immune reactivity of nuclear factor kappa B and increased the glycogen content of hepatic tissues. In conclusion, OCA is efficacious in the management of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia of DM and its related oxidative stress.

Fermented Moringa oleifera seed-cassava inclusion improves protein and selected biochemical indices in alloxan-induced diabetes in animal model

Despite the availability of many pharmacological interventions for diabetes management, current evidence shows an alarming rising trend in the occurrence of undesirable complications, confirming that other complementary approaches are required. This study evaluated the nutraceutical properties of fermented Moringa oleifera seed-Cassava (FMOC) inclusion on selected biochemical parameters in rats induced with diabetes. Portions of cassava was substituted with moringa seed at 100:0 (control), 80:20 (not fermented:T1), 80:20 (fermented;T2) and 70:30% (fermented:T3). Fermentation was achieved using a starter culture containing Lactic acid bacteria for 36 h. Thirty-six (36) male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6/group). Groups B-F were rendered diabetic using alloxan (150 mg/kg. bw; IP) while group A served as the normal control. The effects of FMOC on proximate and selected biochemical indices of diabetic rats were evaluated. Results showed that protein increased significantly (p<0.05) (2.43}0.1 to 20.44} 02 g/100g) in the fermented sample as against non fermented control. All test diets (especially T2) counteracted the diabetic effects in rats by lowering (P<0.05) the elevated serum levels of glucose (249.0 to 105.6 mg/dl), Cholesterol (6.73 to 4.13mmol/L), TAG (2.43 to 1.99mmo/L), LDL (3.72 to 2.66mmol/L), Urea (35.3 to 23.2mmol/L) and malondialdehyde (2.34 to 1.29mg/dl) compared with diabetic group. It also improved (P<0.05) glutathione (2.69-3.76mg/dl) and catalase enzyme activity (1.52-2.90 U/mg). No significant effect was recorded for HDL (P>0.05). Histological outcomes of pancreas corroborated these findings. A food–based approach incorporating fermented M. oleifera seed could be considered an effective strategy to manage the complications that might arise from diabetes.

Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Anisopus mannii Leaves on Blood Glucose and Organ Weights of Wistar Rats with Alloxan Induced-Diabetes

This study looked at the impact of Anisopus mannii methanolic leaf extract on Wistar rats’ organ weights and alloxan-induced diabetes. For this investigation, a total of 20 male Wistar (albino) rats weighing between 80 and 150 g were used. Four groups of rats were randomly assigned. 1: Normal control; 2: Negative control; 3: Positive control (treated alloxan induced-diabetic with 5 mg/kg metformin); 4: alloxan induced-diabetic treated with 200 mg/kg of methanolic A. mannii leaf extract. The findings of the study show there was a significant difference in the blood glucose levels between the diabetic rats treated with metformin and the diabetic rats treated with A. mannii methanolic leaves extract on days 7 and no significant difference in day 14. The fasting blood glucose level in the diabetic rats treated with A. mannii on day 7 reduced from 167.00±19.76 mg/dL to 88.08±11.78 mg/dL on day 14. the liver weights (3.69±0.21 g) of the diabetic rats treated with the extract were significantly lower than those of the diabetic rats treated with metformin (4.86±0.16 g), and it was also within the weight for normal control which were non-diabetic (3.93±0.29 g). The kidney weights of the diabetic rats treated with the extract (1.13±0.18 g) were significantly higher than those of the diabetic rats treated with metformin (0.96±0.03 g). This work unequivocally shows that, in rats given alloxan to produce diabetes, A. mannii extract was able to substantially lower fasting blood glucose levels and shield the kidneys and liver from harm in just two weeks..

Potential of ant nest extract (Hydnophytum formicarum) for protection of testicular morphometry, epididymal functions, and sperm quality in male rats with alloxan-induced diabetes

Medicinal herbs, such as the ant nest plant (Hydnophytum formicarum), are promising for the management of diabetes mellitus-associated infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of the ant nest plant and its capacity to mitigate the adverse effects of alloxan-induced diabetes on testicular morphology, epididymal function, and sperm quality in male rats. The tuber of the ant nest plant was extracted using methanol and then subjected to phytochemical screenings. For the experiment, 20 male white rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 3–4 months and weighing 150–200 g, were equally divided into four groups. The ant nest extract was administered orally using oral gavage over 14 days. The testes, epididymis, and sperm were collected for weighing, morphometric measurements, and quality evaluation. Qualitative testing of phytochemical compounds indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds in the plants. The results revealed the protective effects of ant nest extract against the adverse fertility effects induced by alloxan and a high-fat diet, as observed in testicular weight (p=0.045), epididymal weight (p=0.041), and sperm quality (p>0.05).

Homeostatic Effect of Phoenix Dactylifera on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes and Aluminium-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats

Introduction: This study assessed homeostatic effect of Phoenix dactylifera on alloxan-induced diabetes and aluminium-induced neurotoxicity in male wistar rats divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Methods: Group A; control, Group B; diabetic group, Group C; AlCl3, Group D Alloxan+ P. dactylifera, Group E; AlCl3 + P. dactylifera (0.5ml each). Diabetes was experimentally induced in groups B-D. The animals were left to acclimatize for 2 weeks and treatments were dissolved in distilled water and given orally for 2 weeks (4weeks). Blood sample was collected via ocular puncture for analysis of fasting blood glucose level. At the end of 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples taken for estimation of oxidative stress markers. Blood and brain samples were collected for neuromuscular function markers. Results: The results were statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. The results obtained when compared to control from showed group D and E exhibited decrease levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA), increased levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH). There was also decrease BGL2, indicating positive glycemic control. When compared to the diabetic group, the treatment group showed a significant reduction in MDA levels and significant increase in the levels of GSH, CAT, SOD, and GPX. It also showed significant decrease in CKMM levels (less muscle activity and damage), and increase in AChE indicating nerve activity and stress was observed in control group too. Significant reduction in FBGL2 were shown. There was no significant difference in FBG1 levels. Conclusion: P. dactylifera aqueous extract exhibits potential antidiabetic and antioxidant effect in Alloxan-induced diabetic and aluminium-induced toxicity in male wistar rats. Keywords: Phoenix dactylifera; Neurologic; Diabetes; Phytochemical; Therapy

Hypoglycaemic and Histophatological Effect of Myrianthus arboreus in AlloxanInduced Diabetic Rats

Hypoglycaemic and Histophatological Effect of Myrianthus arboreus in AlloxanInduced Diabetic Rats

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Mentha viridis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

This research was designed to examine the phytochemicals of Mentha viridis (M. viridis) ethanolic extract and the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in alloxan-induced animal models. Diabetes was induced chemically by administering a unit dose of alloxan at 120 mg/kg BW. After alloxan induction, hyperglycemic rats were dealt with ethanolic extract of leaf and whole plant, metformin, and a mixture of leaf extract with metformin and whole plant extract with metformin for two weeks. Ethanolic extract of leaf and whole plant, metformin, and a combination of both leaf and whole plant extract with metformin therapies reduced glucose levels in the blood compared with the diabetic negative control group after two weeks of treatment. However, among the therapies, the ethanolic leaf extract and the combination of whole plant extracts with metformin were found to be the most effective (p<0.05), with reductions of 62.82% and 72.89%, respectively. After diabetes induction, the serum level of TG (triglycerides), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) escalated notably (p<0.05), and HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) level decreased remarkably (p<0.05) in hyperglycemic rats as opposed to healthy normal rats. Ethanolic leaf extract and a combination of whole plant extract with metformin significantly minimized the elevated extent of TG and LDL-C. They surged HDL-C, but the TC level was reduced by whole plant extract only after two weeks of treatment. The standard procedures were used to identify the phytochemical compounds of the medicinal plant M. viridis. The phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, resins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids appeared in the ethanolic leaf extract of M. viridis. The findings suggest that M. viridis might provide better glycemic control and hypolipidemic effect in diabetic rats when administered alone or combined with oral antidiabetic agents. Incorporating M. viridis extract with metformin in improving hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions in diabetic rats proves that M. viridis has a synergistic effect, which could enhance the antidiabetic activity of oral hypoglycemic agents.

Antidiabetic activity and Safety evaluation of Triticum aestivum (wheatgrass) extract in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats model.

Triticum aestivum (wheatgrasses) extract was studied for antidiabetic activity using alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Triticum aestivum at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg showed significant antidiabetic activity; it effected profound reductions in blood glucose over 28 days, especially the higher doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, which were more effective than Glibenclamide. At 2000 mg/kg, the extract did not lower the blood glucose of normoglycemic rats- an indication of its safety and lack of hypoglycemic responses under non-diabetic conditions. It would appear that the antidiabetic activity of Triticum aestivum is through the protection and regeneration of beta cells that enhance insulin secretion, which in turn increases the utilization of glucose and normalizes carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. This gradual lowering of blood glucose levels brought on by Triticum aestivum is clinically highly desired. The elicited antidepressant effect of Triticum aestivum was very likely due to its antioxidant effects and beta-cell regeneration activity. Thus, Triticum aestivum can meet the demand for a nontoxic, safe alternative to orthodox antidiabetic agents. Triticum aestivum, antidiabetic activity, alloxan-induced diabetes, insulin secretion, beta-cell regeneration, glucose metabolism, safety, and Glibenclamide.

Antilipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Aloe barbadensis Gel, Cymbopogon citratus Leaves and Its Combination on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

This research sought to investigate the antilipidemic effect of ethanolic extract of Aloe barbadensis, Cymbopogon citratus leaves and its equal combination on induced-alloxan diabetic rat. Plants like Aloe barbadensis and Cymbopogon citratus are commonly used as home remedies for some diseases such as diabetes thereby making them alternative medicines. Ethanolic extract of both plants was extracted using 70% ethanol. The effect of glibenclamide, ethanolic extract of A. barbadensis gel, C. citratus leaves and its combination after 21 days experimental study showed a significantly increased (P<0.05) high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the induced rats when in comparison with the normal control and diabetic untreated rats. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) significantly showed a (P<0.05) decrease in the rats treated with A. barbadensis gel, C. citratus leaves and its combined extract compared with those treated with standard drug. The serum total cholesterol (TCHOL), triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) significantly showed a (P<0.05) decrease in the rats treated with A. barbadensis gel, C. citratus leaves and its combined extract compared with diabetic untreated rats. This research revealed that ethanolic extract of A. barbadensis, C. citratus and its combination has antilipidemic effects and holds potential as an alternative therapy for its management.

In vivo and computational investigation of butin against alloxan-induced diabetes via biochemical, histopathological, and molecular interactions

Herbs have been used as medicines since antiquity, and it has been discovered that the human body responds well to herbal remedies. Research on the effect of butin was conducted in the current study in the alloxan-induced diabetic rat paradigm. A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into the following groups (n = 6): I-Normal; II-Alloxan-induced (50 mg/kg); III-Alloxan + butin 25 mg/kg; IV-Alloxan + butin 50 mg/kg; V-Butin per se 50 mg/kg. Various diabetic parameters (blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c), lipid profile, inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NF-κB), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GSH), oxidative stress indicators (MDA), apoptosis marker (caspase-3), hepatic markers (ALT and AST), and histopathological changes were assessed. Additionally, molecular docking and dynamics were performed to evaluate the interaction of butin with target proteins. Butin treatment, at both doses, significantly restored biochemical parameters and preserved pancreatic histopathology in diabetic rats. It effectively modulated blood parameters, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, apoptosis, antioxidant enzyme activity, oxidative stress, and hepatic markers. Molecular docking revealed that butin binds to proteins such as caspase-3 (1NME), NF-κB (1SVC), and serum insulin (4IBM) with binding affinities of − 7.4, − 6.5, and − 8.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations further suggested that butin induces significant conformational changes in these proteins. Butin exhibits potential effects against alloxan-induced diabetic rats by restoring biochemical balance, reducing inflammation, and protecting pancreatic tissue. Its binding to key proteins involved in apoptosis and inflammation highlights its therapeutic potential in diabetes management.

AMELIORATION OF LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTION PARAMETERS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS TREATED WITH 3-[2-(1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-Phenyl-2,3-Dihydro- 1H-Pyrazol-4-yl) Hydrazinylidene]-1-Phenylbutanedione, and its Ni(II) Complex.

This hydrazone: 3-[2-(1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-Phenyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazol-4-yl) Hydrazinylidene]-1-Phenylbutanedione (HL), and its Ni (II) Complex ([Ni(HL)2]Cl2) have been reported to possess hypoglycaemic property but the effects of their use on kidney and liver functions in diabetic animals have not been investigated. The study investigated some biochemical parameters in the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with these hydrazone compounds. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Data showed that these compounds induced a significant decrease in serum glucose levels in the diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were administered orally with compounds for fourteen days after which some biochemical indices in the serum, liver and kidney were measured and compared with the control. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, total protein and creatinine of untreated diabetic group was significantly elevated when compared with the normal control group. The ALP, AST concentrations of diabetic rats treated with low and high doses of HL was observed to be non-significantly (p > 0.05) higher compared with rats in the normal control group A. A significantly (p < 0.05) decrease in the ALT, AST and ALP concentrations of diabetic rats treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of HL and [Ni(HL)2]Cl2 were observed when compared with untreated rats in group B. These results suggest that administration of these compounds to diabetic rats did not have any adverse effect on the liver and kidney functions in rats showing that the compounds are not toxic to man.

Improvement of Liver Function (AST and ALT) and Liver Tissue Catalase levels of Wistar rats induced with Alloxan by consuming Catfish oil extract

Background: Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by disrupted glucose metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, often associated with Secondary Hypertension (SH). Over 80% of SH patients exhibit glucose intolerance, with nearly 30% developing T2DM. There is a strong interaction between T2DM and NAFLD, representing a complex two-way relationship that influences the prognosis of the two diseases. Catfish oil extract boasts unsaturated fatty acids, including DHA, EPA, omega-3, vitamins A, B6, B12, D, and amino acids. Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of Pangasius sp. (catfish) oil extract administration on serum AST and ALT levels, as well as liver tissue MDA and CAT levels in alloxan-induced Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Materials and Methods: Employing a pure experimental approach with a post-test-only control group design, three groups of 9 white male rats (Rattus norvegicus), along with one extra male rat, were included.K1 served as the negative control group (Wistar rats not subjected to any treatment). K2 acted as the positive control group (Wistar rats subjected to alloxan-induced diabetes at 150mg/kg BW). K3 represented the treatment group (diabetic model rats treated with catfish oil extract at 73mg/kg BW). Serum AST and ALT levels, as well as MDA and CAT levels in liver tissue, were measured at the study's conclusion. Results: The highest mean MDA levels in white rat liver tissue were K2 (3034.00 + 525.25 nmol/g), and the lowest was K3(2909.33+351.01nmol/g); the mean CAT liver tissue levels in rats the highest was K1 (1063.42+133.36U/mg), and the lowest was K3(894.78+132.93U/mg), the highest mean serum ALT levels of white rats was K2(230.34+63,58 U/L), and the lowest was K1(151.54+23.12 U/L) and the highest mean serum AST level in rats was K2(448.79+618.90U/L), and the lowest was K1(61.01+14.70U/L). Conclusion: Giving catfish oil supplementation can repair the damage in liver tissue, as evidenced by reductions in MDA levels and serum ALT and AST levels in diabetic model rats within the treatment group. Alloxan induction did not affect liver tissue CAT levels, as evidenced by a consistent decrease in liver tissue CAT levels in both the positive control and treatment groups.

Berberine hydrochloride-loaded lipid-based nanoparticles ameliorate β-cell function by targeting Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway in alloxan-induced diabetes using a murine model: Optimization through full factorial design

Berberine hydrochloride (BH), a naturally occurring alkaloid having pleiotropic biological effects, is characterized by high water solubility, poor bioavailability, and a brief half-life. The objective of this study was to develop a liposomal formulation of BH that is more accessible and to ascertain whether its intraperitoneal administration might mitigate pancreatic tissue damage in rats that have been induced by alloxan. Rats were divided into four groups: control, alloxan, metformin, and BH-liposomes (BH-Lip). Measurements of blood glucose, insulin, pancreatic antioxidant state, and pro-inflammatory mediators were used to assess the severity of pancreatic injury in rats among all groups. According to the results, BH-Lip reduced the extent of alloxan-induced pancreatic tissue damage in rats, as demonstrated by improved HOMA-IR and HOMA-β scores, insulin, total pancreatic antioxidant capacity, and lower blood glucose levels. Furthermore, BH-Lip boosted the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 and downregulated the mRNA expression of pancreatic pro-inflammatory mediators, such as NF-κB and NLRP3. Moreover, immuno-histochemical labeling revealed that BH-Lip inhibited the protein transcription of caspase-3 and TNF-α in the pancreatic tissues of alloxan-treated rats. These findings provide BH-Lip as a safe substitute for traditional antidiabetics by reducing pancreatic tissue damage caused by alloxan via targeting the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway.

Assessing anti oxidant, antidiabetic potential and GCMS profiling of ethanolic root bark extract of Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC: Supported by in vitro, in vivo and in silico molecular modeling.

Zanthoxylum rhetsa (ZR) is used traditionally to manage a variety of ailments, including diabetes. Oxidative stress may accelerate the diabetic condition. The available antidiabetic and antioxidant drugs have many shortcomings including resistance, inefficiency, higher dose, side effects and costs. The goal of the current investigation was to assess the antioxidant capacity and antidiabetic activity of an ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhetsa root bark (ZRRB) through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods. The antioxidant capacity of the ZRRB extract was measured using both the DPPH radical assay and the total antioxidant activity test. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-induced diabetic mice model were also used to examine in vivo antidiabetic efficacy. Phytochemicals identification was done by GCMS analysis. Additionally, computational methods such as molecular docking, ADMET analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) modeling were performed to determine the above pharmacological effects. The extract demonstrated significant DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 42.65 μg/mL). In the OGTT test and alloxan-induced diabetes mice model, the extract effectively lowered blood glucose levels. Furthermore, in vitro inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase studies demonstrated the ZRRB extract as a good antidiabetic crude drug (IC50 = 81.45 μg/mL). GCMS investigation confirmed that the crude extract contains 16 major phytoconstituents, which were docked with human peroxiredoxin-5, α-amylase, and sulfonylurea receptor 1. Docking and pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that among 16 phytoconstituents, 6H-indolo[3,2,1-de] [1,5]naphthyridin-6-one (CID: 97176) showed the highest binding affinity to targeted enzymes, and imitated Lipinski's rule of five. Furthermore, MD simulation data confirmed that the aforementioned compound is very steady to the binding site of α-amylase and sulfonylurea receptor 1 receptors. Findings from in vitro, in vivo and in silico investigation suggest that ZRRB extract contains a lead compound that could be a potent source of antidiabetic drug candidate.

The effect of Polygonum hyrcanicum Rech. f. hydroalcoholic extract on oxidative stress and nephropathy in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Diabetic nephropathy, characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, poses a management challenge. This study investigates the effect of Polygonum hyrcanicum extract on diabetic nephropathy in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. In this experimental animal study, the P. hyrcanicum extract was prepared using continuous macerations. Thirty male Albino mice, divided into five groups, were induced with alloxan-induced diabetes. They received intraperitoneal injections of the plant extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and metformin (300 mg/kg) for four weeks. Kidney and blood samples were collected to assess protein carbonyl, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. The amount of total flavonoid and phenolic content in the hydroalcoholic extract of P. hyrcanicum were 7.5 ± 0.3 mg of quercetin and 88.2 ± 1.3 mg gallic acid per gram of extract respectively. The antioxidant activity level of the hydroalcoholic extract was determined to be 1.78 ± 0.51 mM equivalent per gram of extract. Alloxan administration resulted in a significant reduction in glutathione levels and a significant increase in protein carbonyl, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Hydroalcoholic extract of P. hyrcanicum effectively reduced oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), indicating its potential in mitigating diabetic nephropathy. However, no significant difference in efficacy was observed between the 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses in terms of reducing these toxicities.

Investigate the Immuno-Histological Changes of Renal Tissue in Alloxan Induced Diabetic in Albino Male Rats Treated with Ethanolic Herbal Extract (Moringa oleifera seeds)

Investigate the Immuno-Histological Changes of Renal Tissue in Alloxan Induced Diabetic in Albino Male Rats Treated with Ethanolic Herbal Extract (Moringa oleifera seeds)

Effects of combined methanol extracts of Nauclea latifolia and Voacanga africana leaves on some biochemical indices of alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats

Diabetes mellitus is a rampant global epidemy of multifactorial aetiology and risk factors. This present study was aimed at investigating the effects of combined methanol extracts of the leaves of N. latifolia and V. africana on some biochemical indices of alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats. The rats were divided into eight groups of five rats each with group 1 as normal control, group 2 to 8 as treated diabetic control (2.0 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide), untreated diabetic control, 500mg/kg body weight. N.L., 500 mg/kg body weight V.A., 250 N.L.: 250 V.A., 375 N.L.:125 V.A and 125 N.L.:375 V.A respectively. The administration of the extracts was by oral (gavage) and the treatment lasted for 21 days. After 21 days, the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed by cervical dislocation to get blood serum. All the analyses were done using standard analytical methods. The combined extracts exhibited antihyperglycaemic effect especially the 500 mg/kg b.w.N.L. and 375 NL and 125 V.A. The results disclosed that the rats of the normal control, treated diabetic control and the group administered with the 375 N.L.:125 V.A. significantly (p<0.05) increased the body weight of the rats. There was significant decrease (p <0.05) in the concentration of MDA in the rats of the treated diabetic control group and test groups when compared with rats of the untreated diabetic control. There was increase in catalase and GPx concentrations in the rats of the test groups when compared to rats of untreated diabetic control. The study also disclosed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in LDL-c, TC, TG and VDL-c, with an increase HDL-c. This study unveiled that the dose ratios of 375 N.L.:125 V.A, 500 mg/kg b.w. N.L and 250 N.L.:250 V.A efficiently reduced the blood glucose concentration and had better effect on the biochemical indices and therefore may be useful in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related complications.

Antidiabetic Activity and Pancreatic Histopathology Analysis of Averrhoa bilimbi L. Leaves Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes on Wistar Mice

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multi-etiological metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, total or relative insulin deficiency, and further complications by metabolic disorders. Drug therapy for diabetes mellitus is costly and fraught with potential side effects. The aim of this research is to investigate antidiabetic and histopathological analysis of ethanolic A. bilimbi leaves extract in alloxan induced diabetic mice.Methods: Wuluh starfruit leaves is one of Indonesia's plants that can be used to treat diabetes mellitus. Thirty male Wistar mice were divided into five groups as follows: Negative control group that didn't receive any treatment, Diabetes control group that received alloxan 150 mg/kg, Positive control group that received glibenclamide 600 μg/kg, and lastly the two test groups that received A. bilimbi leaves extract 150 and 300 mg/kg orally for 14 days. After extract administration, blood glucose and histopathological alterations in the pancreas of diabetic mice were observed.Results: Alloxan to the diabetes control group significantly raised blood glucose levels compared to the negative control group. Administration of wuluh starfruit leaves extract and glibenclamide could significantly lower blood sugar levels compared to the diabetic control group. Administration of wuluh starfruit leaves extract treatment and glibenclamide also showed favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in alloxan induced diabetes.Conclusion: The study concludes the administration of wuluh starfruit leaves extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) and glibenclamide could reduce blood glucose levels and can help with cell regeneration and protecting pancreatic cells from damage caused by alloxan.Keywords: A. bilimbi leaves extract; Alloxan; Diabetes; Pancreatic histopathology

The effects of ZnO-insulin nanoparticles on some oxidative stress biochemical and physiological markers in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes

The effects of ZnO-insulin nanoparticles on some oxidative stress biochemical and physiological markers in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes

The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek Plant on the Pancreas in Rabbits Induced with Diabetes and the Histological Changes Occurring in Them

The study aimed to induce alloxan-induced diabetes in local white rabbits, study its effect on the pancreas, treat them with aqueous extract of fenugreek at a concentration of 200 mg/kg orally, and observe the histological changes. To complete the study 20 white rabbits were taken and divided into three groups; 1st group is the control group and this group was dosed with distilled water. 2nd group was treated with Alloxan and was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 175 mg/kg. 3rd group is the group that was treated with the aqueous extract of fenugreek at a concentration of 200 mg/kg for 30 days. After the end of the injection and dosing period after 30 days, the animals were killed and the pancreas was removed to perform histological techniques on them. its the group treated with alloxan was observed that the pancreas was composed of exocrine glandular lobules with enlarged secretory cells within the pancreatic acinus, with the presence of pale nuclei lacking pigment. Also, blood congestion of the blood vessels was found between the lobules of the gland and the pancreatic gland showed hyperplasia of its glandular epithelial cells with nuclei devoid of pigment due to the loss of the basal pigment in them. Blood congestion of the blood vessels appeared in the gland between the lobules, and dense colloidal fibers appeared in them and contained fibroblasts and phagocytic cells and the group treated with the aqueous extract of the fenugreek plant :The pancreatic parenchyma contained normal exocrine glandular secretion units, where the cytoplasm and nuclei of these cells were located in the form of regular axes, septations between the lobules of the pancreas surrounded by thick-walled arteries containing blood. and the islets of Lankerhans appeared between the yeast-secreting lobules of the pancreas. They contained endocrine cells of alpha and beta cells surrounded by blood sinusoids. The interstitial tissue between the lobules is composed of loose connective tissue containing colloidal fibers the pancreatic tissue contained the serous secretory vasculature of yeasts, which were uniform in shape, and between them were found blood vessels excessive with blood, where blood was found in a decomposed form in them, with the presence of small channels inside the lobules that transport yeasts.