Alloxan-induced Diabetes Research Articles

Ameliorative effect of Vitis gracilis leaf decoction against sensory and motoric disorders, oxidative stress, and cerebellar degeneration in diabetic mice

Vitis gracilis (Vitaceae) is a potent medicinal plant, but its effectiveness in counteracting neuronal issues due to diabetes is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate whether the leaf decoction of V. gracilis could manage sensory and motoric disorders, oxidative stress, and cerebellar degeneration caused by diabetes mellitus. Twenty-five adult male mice were divided into five treatment groups: non-diabetic (non-DM), diabetic (alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus; DM), and DM treated with V. gracilis leaf decoction at doses of 25 g/l (DM + 25 g/l VgD), 50 g/l (DM + 50 g/l VgD), or 100 g/l (DM + 100 g/l VgD). The decoction was administered orally for 30 days. The results showed that V. gracilis leaf decoction did not significantly lower blood glucose levels or improve insulin tolerance in diabetic mice (p > 0.05). However, it substantially maintained sensory response and motoric balance and reduced malondialdehyde levels in brain tissue, especially at a 100 g/l dose (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher decoction doses alleviated histopathological alterations in the cerebellum by significantly preserving molecular and granular layer thickness while reducing degenerated Purkinje cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, despite its inability to manage hyperglycemia, the decoction effectively improved sensory and motoric function, reduced oxidative stress, and mitigated cerebellar histopathological changes. Therefore, V. gracilis could be an alternative treatment for diabetes-related neurological disorders.

Physiological effects of manganese nanoparticles on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Male Rats

This study was conducted on the creation of the nanopolitan manganese particles and the study of the physiological effect of the nanopolitan magnes.The results or indicators of blood sugar showed the confirmation of low levels of sugar in the group of diabetes treatment by giving oral throughout the experiment period (28 days. In addition to the high percentage of insulin in the affected group and the treatment of Mn-NPs compared to the affected (positive) control group during the study period. The current study aimed to achieve preventive effects against diabetes. It turned out that eating the nanoparticles and within the permissible concentration 2 mg /kg per day reduces blood sugar and contributes to losing weight, as its consumption is related to a decrease in the risk of type 2 diabetes and reduces the level Blood Glucose in Adult Male Rats.

Medical Ozone Treatment Alleviate Blood Oxidative Stress And Pancreas Damage In an Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Model in Rats

Diabetic mellitus (DM ) is a prevalent systemic disease affecting a human and animals. The effects of diabetes are devastating and well documented. The increased production and/or ineffective scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a critical role in the development of diabetic complications. Therefore, it seems reasonable that antioxidants can play an important role in the improvement of diabetes. So, use medical ozone to study if it can regulate the oxidative complications of DM .The study was carried out on forty eight albino females rats included six groups Group I (Control) : 8 female rats were injected IP with citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 5) daily for 6 weeks ,Group II (MO ): 8 female rats were injected IP 1.1 mg/kg b.w of MO daily for 6 weeks ,Group III (DM): 8 female rats induce diabetes by injection IP with freshly prepared alloxan 150 mg/kg b.w in citrate buffer (pH 5), Group IV(DM+MO): 8 diabetic female rats were injected IP 1.1 mg/kg b.w of MO daily for 6 weeks, group V(DM + Insulin): 8 diabetic female rats were injected subcutaneously 0.75 IU/100 g b.w. of Insulin daily for 6 weeks ,Group VI(DM +MO +Insulin):8diabetic female rats were injected IP 1.1 mg/kg b.w of MO and Insulin injected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.75 IU/100 g b.w , respectively daily for 6 weeks. experimental study parameters include antioxidant enzymes assay and histology the study for pancreas.

Mimosa pudica Linn. extract improves aphrodisiac performance in diabetes-induced male Wister rats

Male sexual dysfunction is considered one of the major consequences of diabetes mellitus. The medicinal plant, Mimosa pudica Linn. is believed to have numerous therapeutic effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, aphrodisiac, and a sexual behaviour-enhancing properties. In the present study, the significant effect of ethanolic extract of M. pudica L. to scavenge excessive free radicals and alleviate the deleterious effects of alloxan-induced diabetes on the male sexual system of rats was demonstrated. The rats treated with the M. pudica L. extract recovered their body weight, the weight of their reproductive organs, the characteristics of the sperm and the histocellular arrangement of the testes. In addition, significant levels of hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone) increased in both serum and testicular homogenates of male diabetic rats treated with M. pudica L. extract. Further, antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPx levels are increased, and oxidative stress markers MDA and ROS are reduced in both serum and testicular homogenates of M. pudica L. extract treated male rats. Furthermore, an in silico molecular docking study was performed to predict high potential compounds of M. pudica L. extract against the PDE5 receptor. Two bioactive compounds, namely 3-Dibenzofuranamine (-11.1 kcal × mol−1), Stigmasta-7,16-dien-3-ol (-10.4 kcal × mol−1) showed the highest binding affinities with PDE5 enzyme, much higher than the reference drug sildenafil (-9.9 kcal × mol−1). According to these findings, bioactive compounds rich in ethanolic extract of M. pudica L. have significant aphrodisiac performance in diabetic rats. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Prophylactic and Curative Effect of Boswellia Serrata on Blood Glucose Level and Architecture of Pancreas in Diabetic Mice Induced by Alloxan

Background and objectives. Herbal medicines have gained significant attention from the scientific community for treating and managing diabetes in both developing and developed countries. Boswellia serrata, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been historically used to treat various diseases. This study aimed to determine the effect of Boswellia serrata on body weight, blood glucose level, and pancreas architecture in alloxan-induced diabetes in albino mice. Methods. Forty albino male mice, aged 10 to 12 weeks and weighing between 24 and 34 grams, were divided into four groups of ten each. The first group was the negative control group, and the second group was the diabetic positive control group that received 120 mg/kg alloxan intraperitoneally. The third group received a single injection of alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg bw and was treated with Boswellia serrata macerated at a dose of 150 mg/kg bw for four weeks. The fourth group received orally Boswellia serrata extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg for two weeks, followed by a single injection of alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg, and were left for two weeks. Results. This study found that Boswellia serrata has antidiabetic properties in diabetic mice, as it significantly reduced blood sugar levels compared to the diabetic group. Additionally, histological analyses of the groups treated with B. serrata showed a significant improvement in the harmful effects of alloxan on pancreatic islet cells. Conclusion. Boswellia serrata has shown a notable improvement in the detrimental effect of alloxan on pancreatic islet cells, and its curative effect has been proven to be better than its prophylactic effect. This is supported by the improved blood glucose levels and the histological changes that were more pronounced.

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Corchorus olitorious on Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Male Wistar Rats

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Corchorus olitorious on Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Male Wistar Rats

Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Leaves of Tylophora neglecta Leaves in Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Rats

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder that negatively influences about 300 million humans worldwide. Pharmacological activity carried out on Tylophora neglecta's for an antidiabetic activity in Alloxan-induced diabetes in albino mice used to be evaluated with grouping the animals into six organizations (n=6). Intraperitoneal implantation occurred sixteen hours prior to the onset of diabetes. After extensive health testing, alloxan used to set off experimental diabetes in Swiss mice and blood sugar degrees before and after administration of normal, untreated, and diabetic mice. Quantitative techniques of records series and analysis allowed for a thorough evaluation. No detrimental results were considered at oral doses of 2000mg/kg physique weight in the brilliant oral threat reviews of the concentrates. The hypoglycemic and antidiabetic results of Tylophora neglecta aqueous and alcoholic concentrates of 20 and 30mg/kg body weight have been tested. In this study, 72 hours of fasting preceded via a single Intraperitoneal (IP) dose of Alloxan monohydrate resulted in diabetes in animals. The FBGL used to be measured on days 7, 14, and 21, and the OGTT was once performed on days 8, 15, and 22. The outcomes with glibenclamide are quite comparable to the norm. Research has showed that the leaves of Tylophora neglecta have antidiabetic recreation by using merchandising the regeneration of cells accountable for secreting the hormone insulin.

Physiological Effects of Green Coffee on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Male Rats

This study was conducted on green coffee beans obtained from the local markets in Salah Al-Din Governorate. Several tests were conducted to detect the active substances (antioxidants, phenolic compounds and caffeine) present in green coffee seeds, and to study the effect of their uses on male laboratory rats infected with type 2 diabetes (induced by alloxan). Results of blood sugar confirmed a decrease in glucose levels in the diabetic group treated with green coffee by oral administration throughout the experimental period (28) days. In addition, the percentage of insulin increased in the infected group treated with green coffee compared to the affected (positive) control group during the study period. The current study aimed to investigate the preventive effects against diabetes. As it was found that consuming green coffee, within the permissible concentrations of 200-300 mg / kg per day, reduces blood sugar and contributes to weight loss and obesity, due to the nutrients and active ingredients contained in coffee, as its consumption is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, and reducing the blood glucose level.

Evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of zinc oxide and chromium oxide nanoparticles alone or in combination on the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in male albino mice (Mus musculus)

Evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of zinc oxide and chromium oxide nanoparticles alone or in combination on the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in male albino mice (Mus musculus)

In vitro antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic efficacy of the leaf, stem, and rhizome extracts of <i>Costus igneus</i> nak (Costaceae) in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Costus igneus has a folk reputation in West Africa for the treatment of diabetes. Nevertheless, from our investigations, the scientific validation of this folkloric claim has not been properly documented. The study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic potentials and in vitro antioxidant capacity of the leaves, stems and rhizomes of C. igneus using ethanol as the extraction solvent. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed using standard analytical procedures. Saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides were detected in the leaves, stems, and rhizomes of C. igneus. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the leaf, stem, and rhizome extracts in mice were 2958. 04, 1936.49, and 5000 mg/kg, respectively. The treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats with the extracts of the leaves, stems, and rhizomes caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in fasting blood glucose levels (44.13, 56.21, and 61.12%), respectively in acute study, and 76.85, 69.95, and 79.63% reduction in prolong treatment (2 weeks). The leaf and rhizome extract also demonstrated good antioxidant activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (61 and 62% inhibition, 100 μg/mL) and ferric reducing capacity (absorbance, 0.541 and 0.459, 100 μg/mL), respectively. The leaves, stems, and rhizomes of C. igneus exhibited good hypoglycaemic activity which supports their folkloric claims in the management of diabetes mellitus. The rhizomes extract showed the least toxicity and the most effective in the reduction of fasting blood glucose levels. This is the first comparative evaluation of the leaves, stems, and rhizomes of C. igneus in a study. The findings suggest the use of the rhizomes as a better substitute than the leaves popularly employed in herbal preparations or a combination of all the plant parts for an effective herbal treatment. The antioxidant capacity of this plant extracts may also be involved in the inhibition of oxidative processes implicated in diabetic complications.

Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Cuttle Bone of Sepia pharaonis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Cuttle Bone of Sepia pharaonis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Perinatal supplementation with selenium nanoparticles modified with ascorbic acid improves hepatotoxicity in rat gestational diabetes

Abstract Because of the potential bioactivities, nanoparticles have engendered hope in scientific communities for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, it was tested whether selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) can protect the liver in mothers with gestational diabetes (DM). The gestational rats were divided into three groups (n = 8). Group 1 (CN) received the vehicle, Group 2 (DM) received a single intraperitoneal injection of 165 mg/kg of alloxan, and Group 3 (DM + Se-NPs) received a single intraperitoneal injection of 165 mg/kg alloxan and then treated with Se-NPs at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg twice a week for 6 weeks; 1 week before gestation and continued for 5 weeks. The structure of the fabricated Se-NPs modified with ascorbic acid indicated that nano-Se was associated with a carbon matrix. The body weight of diabetic mothers was lower compared to control animals. The use of Se-NPs as a treatment has led to significant restoration of the body weight in diabetic rat mothers compared to those diabetic animals without treatment. Concentrations of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, LDH, malondialdehyde, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were significantly increased in diabetic rats, while glutathione significantly declined in comparison to control gestational rats. Interestingly, Se-NPs in DM + Se-NPs rats were found to restore all these parameters to values close to the control levels. Se-NPs could improve the histological structure of the liver in gestational rats with diabetes (DM + Se-NPs). Our data demonstrate that Se-NPs shield the liver structure and function in gestational rats against alloxan-induced diabetes.

Effects of Bee Bread on Serum Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Female Rats

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) represents one of the most frequent public health problems with increasing prevalence worldwide. This condition is caused by increased hepatic glucose production, lower insulin secretion, and impaired insulin action. Subsequently, the lipid is used as an alternative resource of cellular energy, resulting in abnormalities of lipid metabolism.
 Aim: To determine effects of Bee Bread on Serum Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic rats
 Methodology: A total thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped in to five. Gp1: Non-DM, Gp2: DM Naïve, Gp3: DM + 200BB, Gp4: DM + 400BB and Gp5: DM + Metformin. Animals were induced with DM following single injection of freshly prepared alloxan in normal saline. Animals were treated for three weeks before they were sacrificed using chloroform sedation. Blood samples were collected for Serum Lipid Profile analysis.
 Results: When compared, Serum TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly higher in the DM group compared to Non-DM, BB administered and DM + Metformin groups.
 Reduction in these lipids was achieved with the administration of Bee Bread. HDL-C was significantly lower in the DM group, compared to other groups. The study revealed improvements in serum HDL-C with the administration of Bee Bread.
 Conclusion: Bee Bread causes reduction in lipids and improves HDL-C in Diabetic Rats.

Isolation and purification of isocitrate lyase by chromatographic meth-ods from the liver of rats under conditions of alloxan-induced diabetes

The homogeneous preparation with isocitrate lyase activity was obtained from the peroxisomal fraction of rat hepatocytes using chromatographic methods. Male white inbred laboratory Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used as the object of the study. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single injection of a 5% alloxan solution. The development of diabetes was monitored by measuring blood glucose levels using a glucometer (SatellitePlus PKG-02.4). Blood sampling was carried out in the morning from the tail vein. On the 10th day of the experiment, laboratory animals were subjected to decapitation, previously euthanized with ether anaesthesia, to obtain liver tissue samples. For the isolation of a homogeneous preparation of isocitrate lyase (ICL, EC 4.1.3.1.), chromatographic methods were used. Purification included several stages: fractionation of the homogenate with ammonium sulphate, gel filtration on columns filled with Sephadex G-25 and ion exchange chromatography, which was the determining stage. The anion exchanger DEAE-Sephacel was used as a sorbent. This allowed to achieve a degree of purification of 12.12 for the first ICL isoform and 24.24 for the second ICL isoform. The specific activity for the first sample was 0.04 U/mg protein, and the yield was 26.3%. The specific activity value for the second form of ICL was 0.08 U/mg protein, and the yield was 47.4%. For elution from a column filled with DEAE-Sephacel was performed using step KCl gradient (60 mM – 200 mM). Identification of the resulting preparations was carried out spectrophotometrically, following the increase in the optical density, according to the Kornberg method (λ-324 nm). The presence of isoforms was determined by specific staining of the gel after PAGE electrophoresis. As a result of four-step purification, two isoforms with different from ICL (EC 4.1.3.1) from other sources electrophoretic mobility were obtained.

Hepato-Protective Activities of Ethanol Extracts of African Eggplant and Bitter Leaf in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, which affect all system of the body including the liver. This study focused on the effect of the ethanol extract of African eggplant and bitter leaf and their combination on the liver structure, antioxidant enzymes activities and biochemical parameters in the liver of alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five male wistar rats were grouped into normal control group A, diabetic control group B, 100 mg/kg African eggplant extract treated group C, 100 mg/kg bitter leaf extract treated group D and combination of 100 mg/kg of African eggplant and 100 mg/kg bitter leaf treated group E. The results study showed that group E rats showed significant reduction in the activity of AST, ALP and AST. In the antioxidant enzyme activity, the administered extracts increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation, thereby protecting the cells from oxidative stress. The micro- histo-architecture of the liver showed improvement and regenerative changes across the treated groups. The study reveal that combination of the ethanol leaf extract of bitter leaf and African eggplant can manage liver malfunction caused by diabetes.

Proximate nutrient analysis of elephant apple (Dillenia indica) fruit and its hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic potentials in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Elephant apple (Dillenia indica) fruit is widely used in traditional and ayurvedic medicine. AimsTo estimate the nutrient contents of this fruit with the evaluation of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetes rats. MethodologyProximate composition and twenty bioactive compounds of elephant apple (EA) fruit were determined using standard methods. Rats were randomly divided into four groups, and each group consisted of six rats. Elephant apple (EA) fruit powder (500 mg/kg body wt./rat/day) was orally fed to the experimental rats in addition to the regular diet for six consecutive weeks. Fasting blood glucose level and lipid profile parameters were analysed from the serum samples of the experimental animals. ResultElephant apple (EA) fruit is rich in carbohydrates (64.52 %), protein (6.81 %), fiber (1.38 %), phosphorus (0.026 %), and ascorbic acid (0.004 %). This fruit also contains different phytochemicals viz. alkaloids, anthraquinone, phenol, flavonoids, terpenoids, and coumarin, except carotenoids and triterpenoids. This study found that oral administration of EA powder significantly (p ≤ 0.01) reduced fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) and serum lipid profiles such as total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but improves high-density lipoprotein (HDL). ConclusionsEA fruit is potentially important to manage diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

Analysis of Mechanisms Underlying the Development of Endothelial Dysfunction and Functional Disorders in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus and Their Pathogenetic Correction.

On the model of alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats, the development of oxidative stress and violation of the NO-producing function of the endothelium and internal organs was established. Structural changes in the vascular endothelium due to increased level of atherogenic LDL preventing access of L-arginine to endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction, which is paralleled by oxidative modification of L-arginine and the formation of inhibitors of eNOS expression (asymmetric dimethylarginine, L-NAME). These findings are indicative of reduced eNOS expression in experimental diabetes mellitus. Administration of L-arginine and its combination with L-carnitine caused an increase in the production NO metabolites and eNOS expression levels by 2.13 and 3.8 times, respectively. In parallel, improvement in the electrolyte excretory function of the kidneys, an increase in the Na,K-ATPase activity in organ homogenates, and a decrease in organ-specific enzymes in blood plasma were observed, which indicates the effectiveness of the correction of the identified violations. A way to eliminate metabolic and functional disorders with combinations of L-arginine and L-carnitine is pathogenetically substantiated. This methodological approach can be recommended for the prevention of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Phyto-extracts of some by-products/wastes of food factories attenuate alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus and its complications in rats

Phyto-extracts of some by-products/wastes of food factories attenuate alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus and its complications in rats

Vitis Pedata Nanoformulation in the Management of Alloxan Induced Experimental Diabetes

Vitis pedata is a woody climber of the Vitaceae family with a multitude of pharmacological effects like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-nociceptive, anti-arthritic, anti-oxidant, astringent, and hemostatic qualities. The research targets to assess the anti-diabetic efficacy of Vitis pedata aqueous extract nanoformulation in alloxan-induced diabetes rats. Biocompatible polycationic polymer chitosan is used for nanoformulation development. The aqueous extract loaded chitosan nanoparticle formulation displayed a particle size of 186± 5.37 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.226 and zeta potential value of 23 ± 1.93 mV. The nanoformulations were assessed for its anti-diabetic properties in comparison to aqueous extracts for the first time by in- vivo methodologies. Several parameters like body weight, blood glucose level, blood and serum biomarkers, were examined. Changes in tissue histoarchitecture, liver glycogen content, oxidative stress response and antioxidant status were also studied. In diabetic rats, the nano-scale formulation significantly reduced blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, lipid profiles, and serum biomarkers, comparable to the oral hypoglycemic medication glibenclamide. The restoration of antioxidant status and pancreatic histoarchitecture through by size assisted delivery may be related to the improved control of diabetes by the nanoformulation than the extract alone. The work marks the first report of Vitis pedata nanoformulation for diabetes management and can serve as a prelude for further preclinical/clinical evaluations.

Effect of Flavonoid Fraction of Newbouldia Laevis Leaf on Blood Sugar Level and Some Biomarkers of Cellular Toxicity of Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Albino Rats.

Effect of Flavonoid Fraction of Newbouldia Laevis Leaf on Blood Sugar Level and Some Biomarkers of Cellular Toxicity of Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Albino Rats.