Alloxan Diabetic Rats Research Articles

Comparative Study of the Effects of Annona muricata and Tapinanthus globiferus Extracts on Biochemical Indices of Diabetic Rats

Introduction: Annona muricata and Tapinanthus globiferus (mistletoe) are medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to combat an array of human diseases. However, there is dearth of scientific prove for the activity of these plants in the management of non-infectious human diseases such as cancer, insomnia, hypertension, ulcers and diabetes. Method: The present study was designed to assess comparatively the effects of methanol extracts of Annona muricata (AME) and Tapinanthus globiferus (TGE) on biochemical indices of alloxan induced diabetic rats. The animals were allocated to eight (8) groups, group I were normal non-diabetic rats, group II (diabetic untreated group), group III treated with metformin alone, groups IV & V were diabetic rats treated with AME at dose of concentration 200 mg/kg BW & 400 mg/kg BW respectively, groups VI & VII were diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg BW & 400 mg/kg BW of TGE respectively. Group VIII were diabetic rats treated with AME + TGE at concentration of 200 mg/kg BW each. Concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG) of alloxan diabetic rats, creatinine and urea were assayed after 21 days of the respective treatments. Results: Diabetic untreated rats had significant increase p<0.05 in TC, TG, urea and creatinine compared to normal control group as opposed to the significant decrease observed for HDL in diabetic rats. However, treatment of diabetic rats with AME and TGE significantly suppressed (p<0.05) the concentrations of TC, TG and creatinine when compared with the diabetic untreated rats. A similar trend was observed for the calculated atherogenic index of treated rats when compared with diabetic untreated rats. Interestingly, co-administration of AME + TGE improved the biochemical indices of diabetic rats better than using each plant separately. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that AME and TGE could offer some benefits in the management of diabetic complications especially with regard to cardiac and renal health.

The influence of melatonin on carbohydrate metabolism in muscles of alloxan diabetic rats

The influence of melatonin on carbohydrate metabolism in muscles of alloxan diabetic rats

Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Glaucium flavum Crantz on Thyroid Hormones in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Glaucium flavum Crantz on Thyroid Hormones in Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Evaluation of Antidiabetic potential and Hypolipidemic activity of Coccinia indica (leaves) in Diabetic Albino rats

Background: The whole plant of Coccinia indica is very effective in different types of diseases with fewer side effects. The leaves, roots of this plant were claimed to be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus based on folk medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the antihyperglycemic effect of water extract of C. indica in alloxan diabetes rats.&#x0D; Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to find whether the conditions, hyperglyclemia and hyerlipidemia, are correlated and whether the application of the aqueous extract leads to abating these two conditions.&#x0D; Materials-Methods: The aqueous leaves extracts of C. indica (200 mg/kg) were administered orally for 14 days, in alloxan induced diabetic rats on Glucose, Lipid profile, Lipoproteins and Lipid metabolizing enzymes activity. &#x0D; Result: The aqueous leaves extract of C. indica induced significant improvement in glucose, serum Lipids, lipoproteins and lipid metabolizing enzyme activity (HMG CoA reductase, LCAT).&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study indicates that the extract of Coccinia indica exhibits lipid lowering, maintaining lipoproteins concentration and also improves the activities of lipid metabolizing enzyme in hyperglycemic rats leading to an increase in peripheral glucose consumption.

A facile ultrasonic-aided biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. leaf extract and its antidiabetic, antibacterial, and oxidative activity evaluation

The synthesis of nanoparticles often result in the generation of harmful chemical pollutants. As such, many researchers have focused on developing green processes, which include the biosynthesis. In this research, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using the leaf extract of whortleberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) via a simple ultrasonic-assisted method. The morphology, crystal size and structure, surface, thermal, and optical properties of the bio-mediated ZnO sample (ZnOext) were analyzed and compared with that produced without incorporating the extract (ZnOchem). The ZnO samples were evaluated for their antidiabetic, antibacterial, as well as their sono- and photo-catalytic performances. Initially, the samples were intraperitoneal injected to alloxan-diabetic rats to examine their treatment efficiency in terms of effects on fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and total triglyceride levels. The ZnOext showed significantly higher efficiency for improving the health status of alloxan-diabetic rats in contrast with other tested treatments, vis. ZnOchem, insulin, and only leaf extract. In addition, both the ZnO samples were assessed against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and through sono- and photo-catalytic processes for removing rhodamine B, respectively. The results of this study indicated that not only the ZnOext sample was pollution free, it also exhibited higher potentials for treating diabetic rats, bacterial decontamination, and also oxidative removal of organic compounds under the influences of ultrasound and UV irradiations when compared with ZnOchem sample.

EFFECTS OF MELATONIN ON OXIDANT AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUSIN THE BLOOD OF ALLOXAN DIABETIC RATS

Introduction. The experimental model of alloxane diabetes is quite common, which is often used to study the different aspects of pathogenesis and pathomorphology of diabetes. It is known that during the diabetes activation of free radical oxidation of biomolecules occurs as well as depletion of the antioxidant system. Melatonin can suppress reactive oxygen species and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes.&#x0D; The aim of the study – to investigate the effect of melatonin on oxidant and antioxidant status in the blood of alloxan diabetic rats.&#x0D; Research Methods. Experiments were conducted on white outbred sexually mature male rats. In the blood plasma was determined content of oxidatively modified proteins, the ceruloplasmin activity; in the hemolisate of erythrocytes was determined content of TBA-reactive products, the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities.&#x0D; Results and Discussion. The results of our studies showed that under conditions of alloxane diabetes, processes of free radical damage to biomolecules are intensified, as evidenced by the increase in the content of TBA-active products and oxidatively modified proteins in the blood of rats on 7 and 14 days of alloxane diabetes. The activity of catalase and ceruloplasmin in the blood of alloxan diabetic rats was lower than in the control group of animals but the SOD activity was significantly increased. The positive effect of melatonin is shown on 7 and 14 days and decrease the content of TBA-active products and oxidatively modified proteins blood of rats compared with untreated animals. Also, the administration of melatonin contributed to the normalization of the activity antioxidant enzymes of blood in rats with alloxane diabetes: increase of catalase activity in erythrocytes, ceruloplasmin activity and decrease SOD activity compared with untreated animals.&#x0D; Conclusions. The introduction of exogenous melatonin in rats with alloxane diabetes in a dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 7 and 14 days cause a pronounced antioxidant effect, reducing free radical oxidation and normalizing the activity of enzymes of antioxidant defense in the blood alloxan diabetic rats.

Effect of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. seeds on serum glucose and other metabolic parameters of normal and alloxan - induced diabetic rats

Oral administration of the ethanol extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds (CP - 250 and 500 mg/kg) caused significant fall in blood glucose levels even at 2½ h after a single dose of treatment in normal fasted and glucose loaded Wistar rats. At 250 mg/kg dose level, CP completely prevented the elevation of blood glucose caused by oral glucose feeding. In alloxan diabetic rats, CP was able to lower the blood glucose level to around 132 mg / 100 ml from 10th day and thereafter. The biochemical findings were supported by histopathological studies of liver, kidney and pancreas of control and treated rats. CP was able to increase catalase levels of diabetic rats. Reduced levels of serum protein and elevated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SGPT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and uric acid were almost normalised in CP treated diabetic rats. CP was also able to reduce in vitro lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and inhibit 1- diphenyl – 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) induced free radicals significantly.

Microscopic changes in the liver, heart, and kidneys in alloxan diabetes rats

To make future researches of the results of treatment of diabetes possible, it is necessary to create a model of this pathology in experimental animals. It is crucial to trace the correlation between changes in organs when this pathology occurs in clinical cases and when it occurs in experimental cases. Today we have a number of methods used to form alloxan diabetes in animals, but alloxan monohydrate is the most frequently used. Thus, the purpose of our study was to: study microscopic changes in the liver, heart, and kidneys of alloxan diabetes rats. The experimental model of diabetes was reproduced by a 150 mg/kg single-dose subcutaneous administration of alloxan monohydrate in the form of a 5% solution per citrate buffer (pH 4.5). To prove the development of diabetes, blood glucose levels were measured by a Rightest GM500 blood glucose meter on the 20th day after administration of alloxan. There were used animals with medium severity diabetes (fasting glucose test showings 10 to 20 mmol/l). The experimental animals were euthanized by ethereal anesthesia decapitation. Samples of the liver, heart, and kidneys for histological examination were taken on the 20th day after administration of alloxan. Histologic sections were prepared according to the standard method, coloring was made by hematoxylin and eosin and based on Van Gizon method. We have found that on the 20th day after the simulation of alloxan diabetes, the liver showed microscopic signs of hepatitis with dystrophic changes in hepatocytes and intracellular cholestasis. The kidneys showed destruction of all structural components of the glomeruli with subsequent necrosis and dystrophic changes and destruction of the epithelium of the curvy and straight tubules. The heart showed granular degeneration of cardiocytes, in some areas, and distinct swelling between the muscle fibers bundles and inside the muscle fibers bundles, infiltration of the connective tissue stroma by erythrocytes in others. We believe that it is possible to obtain the most optimal spectrum of signs peculiar for type 1 diabetes by administration of alloxan as evidenced by microscopic changes in organs. Further, this model of diabetes will be used to study the influence of cell transplantation upon the development of the disease.

Amelioration of histological changes and associated metabolic abnormalities by a combination of Morinda lucida and metformin in diabetic rats

This work investigates the ability of Morinda lucida and co-administration of Morinda lucida/metformin in the control of biochemical and histological changes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Alloxan diabetic rats were treated with 200 mg/Kg body weight of Morinda lucida leaves extract, 1 mg/Kg BW of metformin or a combination of the two treatments for 28 days. Results of the studies revealed that Morinda lucida leaves extract significantly improved lipid profile and kidney function in diabetic rats. These positive outcomes were enhanced by combined treated with Morinda lucida leaves extract and metformin. Furthermore, the calculated atherogenic index of treated animals were close to those of normal rats as opposed to diabetic rats. Similarly, histological studies showed that Morinda lucida leaves extract and metformin administered together or singly, ameliorated damages in pancreas and kidneys from alloxan diabetic rats. It can therefore be inferred that combined treatment with Morinda lucida leaves extract and merformin could improve the potency of Morinda lucida leaves used in the management of diabetic complications.

Combined Therapy with Insulin and Vildagliptin causes Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats

There is a strong rationale for using incretin-based therapies with insulin. In particular, hypoglycaemia is the limiting factor in glycemic management of insulin-treated patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed at gaining greater understanding of the progression of cardiovascular degeneration in diabetes mellitus under combined treatment with vildalgliptin and insulin through various analyses on cardiac tissues such as triphenyl tetrazolium chloride dye test. Experimental diabetic rats exhibited significantly lower TCA cycle enzyme and antioxidant defence enzyme activities with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation of the heart tissue. Monotherapy with either vildagliptin or insulin prevented these alteration in the oxidative energy metabolism and restored the TCA cycle enzyme activities to near normal in alloxan diabetic rats whereas the combined therapy altered mitochondrial enzyme levels significantly. These findings suggested that the toxic effects of the combinatorial therapy could be attributed to an increased oxidative damage and altered mitochondrial energy production, which might lead to progression of cardiovascular disease.

Whole-food phytochemicals antioxidative potential in alloxan-diabetic rats.

The importance of whole-food antioxidants in terms of promoting antioxidant recycling in the body in complex human diseases is not fully understood. We aim to discuss the benefits of whole-food antioxidants in ameliorating the diabetic complications in vivo and to address the effect of germination versus heat processing or drying on the potential therapeutic effect of whole grains and legumes. We studied the antioxidant status of alloxan-diabetic (AD) male Spargue Dawley rats, injected intraperitoneally with alloxan dose of 150 mg/kg body weight, and fed on experimental diets based on the flour of soybean, broadbean and whole-wheat for five weeks. Diabetes-induced oxidative stress in liver was manifested by significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocytes superoxide dismutase (eSOD) and plasma alpha-tocopherol (α-T) levels, reduction in hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity. Consumption of soybean and whole-wheat both had beneficial effects on the oxidative status of AD rats more than broadbean. Feeding dried wheat was effective in improving MDA, GSH and α-T levels. Soybeans and wheat lowered triacylglycerols (TAGs) and tended to lower total cholesterol. Germination enhanced the effect of soybeans on TAGs and in the case of soy and wheat enhanced the effect on total cholesterol. Whole foods containing naturally occurring phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins such as legumes and whole grains are recommended, alongside medication, for controlling hyperglycaemia, blood lipids and oxidative status in diabetes.

Punica granatum L. Fruit Aqueous Extract Suppresses Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated p53/p65/miR-145 Expressions followed by Elevated Levels of irs-1 in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats.

Objective Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an apoptosis inducer in pancreatic β-cells that stimulates p53/p65 mediated microRNA (miR)-145 expression. Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is an antioxidant fruit that attenuates ROS generation. This study examines the effects of pomegranate fruit aqueous extract (PGE) on the levels of ROS, p53, p65, miR-145, and its target insulin receptor substrate 1 (irs-1) mRNA in Alloxan-diabetic male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, diabetic rats received different doses of PGE. The effects of the PGE polyphenols were examined through a long-term PGE treatment period model, followed by an evaluation of the plasma and tissue contents of free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides (TG), and glycogen compared with diabetic controls (DC)and normal controls (NC). We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the modulation of p53, p65, miR-145, and irs-1 expression levels. Results There was a noticeable reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and ROS generation compared to DC. We observed marked decreases in p53, p65, miR-145 expression levels followed by an elevated level of irs-1, which contributed to improvement in insulin sensitivity. ConclusionPGE administration downregulated miR-145 levels in Alloxan-diabetic Wistar rats by suppression of ROS-mediated p53 and p65 overexpression.

Effects of Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis) on wound healing in alloxan-diabetic rats

Purpose: To evaluate wound healing in diabetic rats by using topic Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis).&#x0D; Methods: Six male, adult, Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: Sham group (wound treatment with distilled water); Collagenase group (treatment with collagenase ointment); and Andiroba group (wound treatment with Andiroba oil). The wound was evaluated considering the macroscopic and microscopic parameters.&#x0D; Results: The results indicated differences in the healing of incisional wounds between treatments when compared to control group. Accelerated wound healing was observed in the group treated with Andiroba oil and Collagenase in comparison to control group, especially after the 14th day. Morphometric data confirmed the structural findings.&#x0D; Conclusion: There was significant effect in topical application of Andiroba oil on wound healing in rats with induced diabetes.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Medicinal plants. Diabetes Mellitus. Wound healing. Rats.

Influence of melatonin on carbohydrate metabolism in the kidney of alloxan diabetic rats

Influence of melatonin on carbohydrate metabolism in the kidney of alloxan diabetic rats

Protective effects of Cynara scolymus leaves extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in alloxan-diabetic rats

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with hyperglycemia, inflammatory disorders and abnormal lipid profiles, currently the extracts from leaves of cynara scolymus has been discovered to treat metabolic disorders and has been stated by multitudinous scientists according to a good source of polyphenols compounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of the ethanol leaves extract of C. scolymus in alloxan induced stress oxidant, hepatic-kidney dysfunction and histological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas of different experimental groups of rats.MethodsWe determinate the antioxidant activity by ABTS.+ and antioxidant total capacity (TAC) of all extracts of C. scolymus leaves, the inhibition of α-amylase activity in vitro was also investigated. Forty male Wistar rats were induced to diabetes with a single dose intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)). Diabetic rats were orally and daily administrated of ethanol extract from C. scolymus at two doses (200-400 mg/kg, b.w) or (12 mg/kg, b.w) with anti-diabetic reference drug, Acarbose for one month. Ethanol extract of C. scolymus effect was confirmed by biochemical analysis, antioxidant activity and histological study.ResultsThe results indicated that the ethanol extract from leaves of C. scolymus showed the highest antioxidant activity by ABTS.+ (499.43g± 39.72 Trolox/g dry extract) and (128.75 ± 8.45 mg VC /g dry extract) for TAC and endowed the powerful inhibition in vitro of α-amylase activity with IC50=72,22 ug/uL. In vivo, the results showed that ethanol extract from the leaves of C. scolymus (200-400 mg/kg) decreased significantly (p < 0.001) the α-amylase levels in serum of diabetic rats, respectively associated with significant reduction (p < 0.001) in blood glucose rate of 42,84% and 37,91% compared to diabetic groups after 28 days of treatment, a significant lowered of plasma total cholesterol (T-Ch) by 18,11% and triglyceride (TG) by 60,47%, significantly and low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) by 37,77%, compared to diabetic rats, moreover, the administration of ethanol extract appears to exert anti-oxidative activity demonstrated by the increase of CAT, SOD and GSH activities in liver, kidney and pancreas of diabetic rats. This positive effect of the ethanol extract from C. scolymus was confirmed by histological study.ConclusionThese observed strongly suggest that ethanol extract from the leaves of C. scolymus has anti-hyperglycemic properties, at least partly mediated by antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects.

Bio-extract-mediated ZnO nanoparticles: microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and antidiabetic activity evaluation

Herein, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave-assisted method in the presence of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L, fruits extract. The structure, size, morphology and optical properties of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, FT-IR, UV-vis DRS and TGA analysis. A decrease in crystallite size was observed for the biologically synthesized ZnO compared to the chemically synthesized sample. Furthermore, the existence of organic moieties over the biologically synthesized ZnO NPs was approved using characterizing methods. Then, the alloxan-induced diabetic rats were divided into not treated (diabetic control group), and the groups received: insulin, chemically synthesized ZnO, plant extract, biologically synthesized ZnO with a normal healthy control group. After treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBS), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and insulin were measured. Analysis showed a significant decrease in FBS and increase in HDL levels in all groups under treatment. However, the results for cholesterol reduction were only significant for the group treated by biologically synthesized ZnO. Despite the changes in the triglyceride and insulin levels, the results were not significant. For all the studied parameters, bio-mediated ZnO NPs were found the most effective in treating the alloxan-diabetic rats compared to the other studied treatment agents.

Beneficial Effect of Zinc on diabetes induced kidney damage and liver stress oxidative in rats

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Zn supplementation on kikney function and liver oxidative stress in Alloxan diabetic rats. Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): Control, Non Diabetic + zinc, Diabetic and Diabetic + Zinc. Diabetes was induced by alloxan (150 mg/kg). Zinc (231 mg/kg feed) as ZnSO4 7H2O was added to the feed of the animals in the zinc groups for 21 days. Alloxan Diabetes caused a significant decrease in body weight gain, serum and tissue zinc, serum protein concentrations, liver GSH, GPx and GST activities .In contrast, it led to an augmentation in urea, creatinine, uric acid and MDA in rats. Zinc supplementation in the diet for diabetic rats ensured a partial correction of the previous parameters. In conclusion, this study indicated that zinc act as powerful antioxidants which may exercise adverse effect against severity and complication of diabetes.

Apigenin: A methanol fraction component of Newbouldia laevis leaf, as a potential antidiabetic agent

The leaves of Newbouldia laevis is traditionally used to treat diabetes mellitus in southeast Nigeria. The apigenin isolated from the methanol fraction of dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) extract of the leaves was evaluated for antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and on normal rats. Treatment of alloxan-diabetic rats with the compound (apigenin) significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced blood glucose, and increased the liver and muscle glycogen content. The adrenaline-induced elevation of blood glucose of normal rats was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced by the isolated compound. These results suggest that apigenin may be the anti-diabetic principle in the leaves of Newbouldia laevis..

Effects of Cymodocea nodosa extract on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in alloxan-diabetic rats.

This new study aimed to evaluate for the first time the effect of Cymodocea nodosa extract (CNE) on α-amylase activity, hyperglycemia and diabetes complications in the alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The in vitro evaluation and oral administration of CNE to surviving diabetic rats inhibited key enzyme related to hyperglycemia as α-amylase, helped to protect the β cells of the rats from death and damage confirmed by oral glucose test tolerance (OGTT), which leads to decrease in blood glucose level by 49% as compared to untreated diabetic rats. The CNE also decreased the triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol rates in the plasma of diabetic rats by 46%, 35%, and 21%, respectively, and increased the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level by 36%, which helped maintain the homeostasis of blood lipid. When compared to those of the untreated diabetic rats, the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels in the pancreas, liver and kidney of the rats treated with this supplement were also enhanced significantly. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in the lipid peroxidation level in the tested organs of diabetic rats after CNE administration. This positive effect of CNE was confirmed by histological study. Overall, the findings presented in this study demonstrate that CNE has both a promising potential with a valuable hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic functions.

Antinociceptive and Antihyperalgesic Activity of a Traditional Maya Herbal Preparation Composed of Pouteria Campechiana, Chrysophyllum Cainito, Citrus Limonum, and Annona Muricata.

Preclinical Research The purpose of this work was to assess the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic properties of an herbal preparation, composed of four vegetal species: Pouteria campechiana (P. campechiana), Chrysophyllum cainito (C. cainito), Citrus limonum (C. limonum), and Annona muricata (A. muricata), that is commonly used in combination (PCCA) in traditional Mayan medicine for the treatment of diabetes and pain. An ethanolic extract of PCCA was prepared at a ratio of 1:1:1:1 for each plant. The systemic antinociceptive effect of PCCA extract (50-600 mg/kg, p.o.) was dose-dependent in the rat formalin (1%) producing 66% antinociceptive response at 400 mg/kg, p.o. A concentration-dependent antinociceptive effect of the PCCA extract (20-160 mg/paw) was also demonstrated in the rat capsaicin (0.2%) test. The PCCA extract (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) had antihyperalgesic effects in alloxan diabetic rats. These findings demonstrate the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of PCCA and supports the use of the plant extracts in Mayan folk medicine. Drug Dev Res 78 : 91-97, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.