Allocation Of Regions Research Articles

The Impact of an Educational Intervention on the Adoption of Preventive Behaviors Against Head Lice Infestation Among Female Students to Using the Health Belief Model

Background: Head lice infestation is a significant health issue among students, leading to physical, social, and psychological consequences. Objectives: This research aims to determine the impact of an educational intervention on the adoption of preventive behaviors against head lice infestation among second-grade female elementary school students using the health belief model (HBM). Methods: The present study was conducted semi-experimentally in the academic year 2023. The study was conducted before and after 2 months of educational intervention between the intervention and control groups. The allocation of regions to the control and intervention groups was done randomly (random allocation method). Then, one primary school was randomly selected from each district, and in each school, students were randomly selected from the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades (two-stage cluster sampling). The intervention group included 80 students, and the control group included 72 students. Educational classes for the prevention of pediculosis were conducted for the students in the intervention group in the form of lectures, reading stories and poems about the prevention of pediculosis, and using peer education. To collect information, a questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability based on the HBM was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16 software and descriptive statistical tests, independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: The results of the study indicated that before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference in the mean scores of the components of the HBM between the intervention and control groups [perceived sensitivity (P = 0.807), perceived benefits (P = 0.811), perceived barriers (P = 0.682), self-efficacy (P = 0.961), behavior (P = 0.140)]. However, the average scores of the perceived severity construct were significantly different between the intervention (10.41 ± 1.95) and control (9.58 ± 2.08) groups before the educational intervention. After the educational intervention, there was a significant difference in the average scores of all constructs of the HBM between the intervention and control groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study supports the effectiveness of education based on the HBM in promoting preventive behaviors against pediculosis among second-grade female elementary school students.

Adaptive pruning-based Newton's method for distributed learning

Newton's method leverages curvature information to boost performance, and thus outperforms first-order methods for distributed learning problems. However, Newton's method is not practical in large-scale and heterogeneous learning environments, due to obstacles such as high computation and communication costs of the Hessian matrix, sub-model diversity, staleness of training, and data heterogeneity. To overcome these obstacles, this paper presents a novel and efficient algorithm named Distributed Adaptive Newton Learning (DANL), which solves the drawbacks of Newton's method by using a simple Hessian initialization and adaptive allocation of training regions. The algorithm exhibits remarkable convergence properties, which are rigorously examined under standard assumptions in stochastic optimization. The theoretical analysis proves that DANL attains a linear convergence rate while efficiently adapting to available resources and keeping high efficiency. Furthermore, DANL shows notable independence from the condition number of the problem and removes the necessity for complex parameter tuning. Experiments demonstrate that DANL achieves linear convergence with efficient communication and strong performance across different datasets.

Janus graphene oxide membrane with rational allocation of functional regions as unidirectional ion valve system

Membrane-based ion sieving is critical to green desalination processes such as sustainable ionic resource extraction. Two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) membranes exhibit unique ionic transport properties owning to the supernormal enhancement of channel effects induced by diverse functional regions under nanoconfinement. However, the discrete and random distribution of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic and positively/negatively charged regions restricts the GO membrane to give full play to its potential in selective ions separation. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to engineer the asymmetric three-tier architecture of a Janus GO membrane with rational allocation of functional regions. The wise series connection of ① surface positively charged hydrophilic layer of PEI, ② intermediate negatively charged hydrophilic layer of GO and ③ bottom hydrophobic porous layer of rGO along the cross-membrane direction established internal gradients of structure, wetting and charge, resulting in reinforced exclusion of retained divalent ions and reduced stagnation of targeted monovalent ions. Based on the continuous anisotropic gradients, the Janus GO membrane was endowed with the unique capability to act as a unidirectional ion valve system, showcasing impressive permeation performance of monovalent ions permeation rate of 0.244 mol m−2 h−1 with monovalent/divalent ions selectivity of 66.1, and remarkable nanofiltration performance of divalent salt rejections of >96.5 % with monovalent/divalent ions separation factor up to 70.9. The implications of this work will revolutionize the regulation and functionalization of 2D nanofluidic channels for selective ions transport, which is highly desirable for a wide range of green desalination applications.

A call for greater diversity and representativity within countries in psychiatric research: Lessons and challenges from a systematic review of schizophrenia research in Brazil.

This article aims to systematically review the studies on schizophrenia in Brazil, addressing geographical coverage as an indicator of sampling representativeness, essential to infer results' generalization. It also highlights the variation in research funding across different regions. We searched for studies carried out until July 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (or its spectrum) recruited in Brazil. Data extraction comprised geographic region of first and last authors, place recruitment, research subfield, and funding sources. The review followed PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Out of 296 studies reviewed, most (63.18%) took place in the Southeast, particularly São Paulo (48.98%). Clinical trials comprised the majority (41.6%), with genetic studies primarily conducted in the Southeast or South (81.5%). Funding was reported in 64% of papers. The Northeast region was less likely to receive study funding compared to the Southeast. Schizophrenia research in Brazil shows a clear geographic concentration, with significant disparities in funding allocation and underrepresentation of certain regions. Broadening research coverage through equitable distribution of funding opportunities and fostering collaborations with local institutions are of utmost importance to enhance the understanding and treatment of schizophrenia within Brazil's diverse socio-economic and ethnic landscape.

Eastern polygon of Russian railways for Russian coal export: development prospects and limitations

Relevance. Transportation of Russian coal by rail is an important link in coal supply for export. It is essential for the country economy and of high social significance for coal mining regions. Aim. To assess the state of the railway infrastructure for coal transportation, identify limitations and opportunities for improving coal transportation. Objects. Volumes and technologies of coal transportation by foreign and Russian exporters; state of the railway infrastructure of the eastern range of Russia; measures taken by coal mining companies to overcome restrictions on coal transportation; potential volumes of coal transportation for export and risks associated with reduction in coal exports. Methods. Methods of system analysis: classification, structuring and restructuring, analysis, formalization and concretization. Results. The paper considers the current state of coal transportation by rail in Russia with allocation of coal-mining eastern regions of Russia and Western Siberia. The importance of Russian railways in coal transportation is presented. The authors have outlined the problems of the railway infrastructure of the Eastern range of Russian railways due to its insufficient capacity. The changed geopolitical conditions created additional difficulties in transporting coal for export by rail. The paper introduces the state and prospects for modernization of the Eastern range of the Russian Railways. The authors gave an overview of activities of coal mining companies to overcome restrictions on coal transportation by rail. A brief review of the world experience in coal transportation state in the main coal exporting countries is made. The demanded volumes of coal transportation for export by rail was assessed. The paper considers the risks associated with the reduction of coal exports. The authors noted the need to harmonize programs for development of railway infrastructure, the coal industry and other industries that ensure coal extraction, transportation and consumption, reduce import dependence and the need to develop coal transportation technologies.

To the question of the need to strengthen the role of municipal administration in the realization of spatial potential of small enterprises

The sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) traditionally refers to potential points of innovative growth that can play a key role in the modernization of the national economy. The current transition to spatial research has led to the study of new aspects. The publication reveals the features of the implementation of the spatial potential of small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of resource capabilities and the quality of public administration at the regional and municipal level. This aspect is relevant in view of the upcoming reform of local self-government, which implies significant qualitative changes in the management system. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to strengthen the role of municipal management in the spatial development of small enterprises as a result of the planned reform of local selfgovernment. The paper presents the updated author's structuring of the economic space on the basis of existing documents of a strategic nature. The main directions of regulating the spatial development of SMEs are analyzed on the example of the Samara region (allocation of priority regions and territories, development of depressed territories, development of non-agglomeration territories, cluster interaction), as well as gaps in regulation and support at the municipal level are identified. An updated list of strategic documents on the development of small enterprises operating in the Samara region has been compiled. The spatial and territorial organization of small enterprises is reflected in the documents of the Samara region. Legislative innovations are aimed at more active involvement of the municipal level of public authorities in the development of the local economic space. The proposed powers of the public authority at the municipal level include its own, redistributed and voluntary. However, the issues of resource provision of the powers proposed for implementation come first. Based on the results of the work, a number of additions to the draft law On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in a unified system of public authority concerning the municipal level of regulation and support of SME activities have been substantiated. By way of discussion, the article assesses the possible impact of the main innovations proposed in the draft law on the activities of SMEs.

Quantitative Evaluation of Ecosystem Services of Urban Street Trees: A Case Study of Shengjing Historical and Cultural Block in Shenyang, China

Urban street trees are of great significance to the sustainable development of human settlements, and are key factors to enhance the service value of the urban environmental ecosystem. In this regard, it is necessary to improve and balance the benefit distribution of urban street trees for promoting the environmental quality of cities. In order to make clear the urban street tree benefits in a city, this paper presents the study on the ecosystem services from street trees in Shengjing Historical and Cultural Block (SHCB), Shenyang, China. By conducting a field survey on 1968 street trees and using the i-Tree model and the ENVI-met model to quantify the original data, this paper evaluated the ecosystem services distribution of eight streets and nine zones in the SHCB. The results showed that the co-creation annual ecological benefit and annual thermal comfort benefit of the street trees of SHCB were 163,965.62 and 233,533.48 dollars, respectively, totaling 397,499.10 dollars. It is obvious that the thermal comfort benefit is higher than the ecological benefit. Meanwhile, urban streets with high ecological benefit may not necessarily produce high thermal comfort benefit. Therefore, on the basis of ecological benefit analysis, the ecosystem services can be reflected more accurately by superimposing the thermal comfort benefit. The quantitative assessment system obtained in this study can provide a reference for future block planning and urban street tree allocation of SHCB and other regions in similar areas.

REAL AND POTENTIAL GEOTOURISM RESOURCES OF WESTERN UKRAINE

The article analyzes real and potential geotourism resources and geotourism sites and products on the example of the region of Western Ukraine (8 administrative regions). From the point of view of theory and methodology, regional analysis of geotourism is based on the scientific and practical aspects of geotourism as a form of activity based on geoheritage exploration. The research algorithm assumed the allocation of geotourism regions taking into account the geological and geomorphological component and the study of their real geotourism resources, presented in the form of geotourism sites and products. Geomorphological taxa at the level of regions and subregions for plain, highland, and mountainous areas are considered as geotourism regions of Western Ukraine. The main geotourism sites in the region are represented by rock and cave formations, residual hills and mountain peaks, unique geological outcrops and morphological landscapes, ancient and modern mine tunnel, specialized museums and educational centers. The paper characterizes the main types of geotourism services and products that are provided on the basis of the main groups of geotourism sites. The main functions performed by geotourism sites for their visitors were highlighted: from scientific-educational and aesthetic-educational to cultural-historical and sports and health functions. The geotourism potential of the main selected geotourism regions was also considered. The conducted research resulted in a developed typification of geotourism sites of Western Ukraine by specialization, level of tourist facilities and service, degree of attendance. According to the nature of specialization, geotourism sites were classified as follows: mainly geotourism, ecotourism-geotourism, cultural geotourism, mountainous geotourism, industrial geotourism. Evaluation of geotourism sites was carried out on the possibility of arranging individual and group tours with the appropriate informational and educational services. Karst caves of Podillia, canyon-like sections of the Dniester and its tributaries, rock complexes of the Carpathians and the Chornohora range with alpine relief have been identified as promising geotourism sites and territories of international importance. The national and regional parks of the region, which are characterized by remarkable geoheritage, have significant potential for the geotourism development. The region of Western Ukraine is favorable for the introduction of innovative forms of geotourism as territorial tourist destinations. The creation of national geoparks and theme parks on the basis of reserves, national and landscape parks and historical and cultural reserves with significant geoheritage is justified. It is essential to further develop geotourism routes of local, regional, national and international importance. Necessary for the prospective development of geotourism in the region is scientific, educational and organizational support for the development and implementation of geotourism projects. Key words: geotourism; resources; sites; attractions; products; geoheritage; region.

Сommodity and Money Flows in Russian Empire in the Second half of the Nineteenth Century: Network and Geoinformation Analysis

This article deals with the domestic interregional cash flows in the Russian Empire, which flowed in the opposite direction to the flows of commodities and services; thus, they can be used as proxies of the resource allocation and uneven development of regions. This study is based on the statistics of transfers between branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire, and it conducts a network and geoinformation analysis for 1868, 1878, 1888, and 1898. The study proves that the top segment of the payment network, including ties with St. Petersburg and Moscow, was organized like a “double star” (i.e., a star-type network with centers in two capitals with a huge flow between them). From St. Petersburg, the largest proportion of payments for goods and services were dispersed throughout the country, while Moscow was primarily a nationwide center for buying goods or receiving payments. The metropolitan segment always serviced more than half of all settlements in the country. In the European part of the empire, the largest regional ties (beyond the capitals) looked like the flows in the “pre-railway” period (1868); then, the largest flows were redistributed along the principal railways (1878); later, the flows compressed during the depression (1888); and then, the intraregional (local) flows increased sharply due to the expansion of local railroads (1898). Large interregional flows in the Asian part of the empire were inferior in size to those in the European part; until the 1890s, their main axis was the ties between Tomsk and Irkutsk as well as access to Nizhny Novgorod in the European part (through Yekaterinburg from the 1870s onwards). In the 1890s, new segments appeared in the Far East, in the Steppe Region (Kazakhstan), and in Central Asia.

Caste, Sex, and Parasitism Influence Brain Plasticity in a Social Wasp

Brain plasticity is widespread in nature, as it enables adaptive responses to sensory demands associated with novel stimuli, environmental changes and social conditions. Social Hymenoptera are particularly well-suited to study neuroplasticity, because the division of labor amongst females and the different life histories of males and females are associated with specific sensory needs. Here, we take advantage of the social waspPolistes dominulato explore if brain plasticity is influenced by caste and sex, and the exploitation by the strepsipteran parasiteXenos vesparum.Within sexes, male wasps had proportionally larger optic lobes, while females had larger antennal lobes, which is consistent with the sensory needs of sex-specific life histories. Within castes, reproductive females had larger mushroom body calyces, as predicted by their sensory needs for extensive within-colony interactions and winter aggregations, than workers who frequently forage for nest material and prey. Parasites had different effects on female and male hosts. Contrary to our predictions, female workers were castrated and behaviorally manipulated by female or male parasites, but only showed moderate differences in brain tissue allocation compared to non-parasitized workers. Parasitized males maintained their reproductive apparatus and sexual behavior. However, they had smaller brains and larger sensory brain regions than non-parasitized males. Our findings confirm that caste and sex mediate brain plasticity inP. dominula, and that parasitic manipulation drives differential allocation of brain regions depending on host sex.

Regional features of birth rate and mortality in the Lower Volga region in the famine of 1932-1933s

The paper is exploring the problem of the vital rate data in the Lower Volga region during the famine of 19321933. Despite the ample quantity of papers presenting this problem the estimations and indicators differ even in the papers of the same authors and valuation methods are not always reliable. The birth rate of the Lower Volga region was 76223 while the mortality was 184570 during the 1933 famine peak by our estimate. However, there are no vital rate data on the Kalmykia in the central statistical administration archives and the registration of 15,2 thousand deaths were not ascertained identically. The real losses from the famine of 19321933 in the Lower Volga region (excluding Kalmykia) are estimated at 175 thousand maximum and birth rate losses are 147 thousand in 19321934. The mortality of the Lower Volga region had clear geographical distribution and location. The high mortality regions were allocated on the Volga Upland and abutting the Oka-Don plain eastern frontier and on the Medium Syrt frontier in Saratov Krai. The allocation of high mortality regions to the Volga River is interpreted as associating with regions containing major cities and towns with high mortality neighborhoods to the Volga. Stalingrad Krai is defined as a region with lower mortality and gradual slow in its increase with a low peak displaced to July 1933. In 1933 the Lower Volga mortality dynamics was from north to south epidemic; whereas in the south there was time to assume the measures as opposed to northern regions. Some Lower Volga regions in 1933 were characterized by a catastrophic low birth rate and high mortality and at the same time by high birth rate and low mortality and positive vital rate data. The distribution of high mortality regions was determined by the character of local authorities activities and local conditions including geographical description (orthometric height), that requires background study.

STRUCTURED SYSTEMS OF FACTORS AND EXPERIMENTAL-STATISTICAL MODELS IN STUDIES OF BUILDING COMPOSITES

The introduction to the article presents the objects of research, for which the proposed approach to modelling and the types of the models are intended. These are high quality composite building materials, the multicomponent dispersed systems, with the components that could be multicomponent themselves. The need to use for their design the mathematical models of the dependences of structure parameters and properties of the material on the factors of composition and processes of production and operation is noted. Then the background of experimental-statistical (ES) models application in research and development of composite materials is considered. What they are needed for is emphasized. The peculiarities of these models are noted in contrast to the models of other classes, including the usual regression ones. The necessity of experiment design to build ES-models is also emphasized. Special types of ES-models are named, for the cases when it is necessary to consider linearly related factors ("mixtures"). The expediency of structurizing the system of all the factors under consideration and the corresponding ES-models is indicated to. The concept of a priori and a posteriori structuring of factor systems when modeling is proposed. Systems that could include subsystems of linearly related factors and subsystems of mutually independent factors separated out at the stage of a priori structuring have been called “mixtures, technologies" systems and classified by the type of factor domains. System designations are given. Special polynomial models developed for them are presented. For the analysis of modelling results, a posteriori allocation of the factor regions and the use of tools of composition-process fields methodology are proposed. The local fields of material properties in coordinates of one or another group of the factors and their transformation under the influence of the factors of another group can be analysed, using numerical generalizing indices of the local fields and the secondary models for these indices. The path from obtaining data of designed natural experiment for building the primary ES-models to the secondary models, for generalizing indices, based on the results of computational experiment, is schematically shown.

The Transition of Economy from Analogue to Digital in the XXI Century by the case of the Republic of Korea

The article demonstrates the impact of digitalization on the political system and economy of the Republic of Korea based on the IT-revolution of the XXI century. Research methods used include comparative, system and logical data analysis, and the investigation of the digitalization trends. Data from Korean National Statistical Office and other official open sources are used for the determination of the main digitalization trends in the Korean economy. An analysis of specific phenomena arising in the economy and society as a whole is carried out under conditions of the digital economy. The evolution of the digitalization of hardware and software in the Republic of Korea is presented. The consequences of the transition of the economy from analogue to digital are revealed in such areas as the structure of the economy and business model, economic integration and liberalization, resource allocation and balanced development of regions, the role of government, and the intellectual property system.

The Application of Pluralistic Territorial Development Paradigm in Assessment of Territorial State of Development: the Case Study of Latvian Regions

In the article, the author empirically approbates the structural scheme for the evaluation of the territorial state of development elaborated previously assessing territorial state of development of the statistical regions of Latvia. The scheme comprises four objective social economic elements and two subjective elements. The average values of normalized objective and subjective indicators for each region were calculated applying the most appropriate indicator of the statistical regions available in the national statistical database of Latvia to the each element of the scheme and normalizing the values of the selected indicators. Allocation of the statistical regions of Latvia in accordance with the normalized objective and subjective indicators was performed using the W. Zapf’s matrix, which provides a possibility to consider the territorial state of development not just in a quantitative but as well in a qualitative aspect, i.e., within the framework of the pluralistic territorial development paradigm suggesting a parallel existence of diverse development natures (qualities) in the global environment instead of applying a single quantitative scale to all territories being studied. In the result of the approbation of the structural scheme for the territorial state of development evaluation, it is not possible to single out a distinct statistical region of Latvia in accordance with its highest or lowest development level, rather it could be merely stated that each of the regions is developed in a different quality since each region has its own nature of development. KEYWORDS: territorial state of development, pluralistic territorial development paradigm, evaluation. JEL CODES: O100; I310 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v18i1.1249

Mountain regions in the legal space of Russia

The allocation of the mountainous regions of Russia as a subject of legal regulation is a relatively new trend in Russian lawmaking, which began in the 1990s. The initiation of the process of developing mountain laws was influenced by the international experience of European countries that have mountain areas in their composition. An important event at the end of 2020 is the adoption by the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly of the Model Law “On the Protection and Development of Mountain Areas”. The purpose of the article is to analyze modern initiatives in the field of legal support for the sustainable development of the mountain regions of Russia. The results are based on an analysis of documents adopted in the field of mountain legislation, as well as on interviews with experts and expeditionary work. The program for the development of the mountainous territories of Dagestan, initiated on the basis of the implementation of the regional law on mountainous territories, became a certain “litmus” test that revealed the problems of modernization and ensuring sustainable development in the mountains. These include, first of all, distrust of the government’s initiatives, unsettled land relations, fear of getting into credit dependence, the complexity of bureaucratic procedures, etc.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИХ ЦЕЛЕЙ И ИНДИКАТОРОВ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННЫХ СИСТЕМ В РЕГИОНАХ РОССИИ

The aim of the work is to substantiate the possibilities of agreeing on strategic goals and performance indicators of the state regulation in developing the country’s agri-food system and local goals for developing agri-food sectors of the regions. The formation of strategic goals and indicators is due to the significant socio-economic differentiation among the regions according to the main characteristics of agricultural production: the provision of resources, the efficiency of their use, territorial location to the centers of product sales, natural, climatic and soil conditions. The diagram of the relationship between goals, objectives andindicators of state policy in the field of regulation of the development of agri-food systems in regions is presented. The forms of interaction between the management systems of the federal and regional levels on the issues of conducting a coordinated socio-economic policy in the agri-food sphere have been identified. These include: the signing of financial agreements between the Russian Ministry of Agriculture and regional authorities regarding the provision of subsidies for specific areas of agricultural policy; decomposition of target indicators for all regions within a separate indicator or direction; allocation of regions with a special status; co-financing of agricultural policy directions between federal and regional budgets; complementing the goals of the federal level through the implementation of similar directions in the structure of regional policy; general consideration of the regional specifics of Russia. The main directions for creating strategic goals and development indicators of increasing the effectiveness of state regulation of agri-food systems in the regions are proposed: equal distribution of state support funds by reducing the excessive concentration of subsidies in the main agricultural regions; updating the established priority directions for the development of the agro-industrial complex in the regions of Russia; taking into account regional production, social and infrastructural opportunities in the formation of directions of state agrarian policy; differentiation of development goals for AFS in the regions.

Features of historical and cultural development in different geographical conditions (in example of Central Asia)

The history of all societies is associated with human activity, his economic and cultural needs, therefore, activity and needs as vital qualities of people are widely reflected in their interaction with nature and the environment. In the process of labor and production, nature is the main object of human activity, and certain economic and cultural types have developed in different geographic conditions. This law of historical and cultural development is confirmed by the example of the history of the Bronze Age in Central Asia.
 In the Bronze Age, among the population living on the territory of the steppes, the socio-economic system was preserved, characteristic of the tribal communities of cattle-breeding tribes, which were at the stage of decomposition of primitive communal relations. In Central Asia at this time, the process of allocation of historical and cultural regions and ethnic territories was noted.
 This article is dedicated to analysis of features of historical and cultural development of Central Asian population in different geographical conditions. The main attention is paid to the fact that the history of economic-cultural types and their development is connected with geographical atmosphere.

Features of historical and cultural development in different geographical conditions (in example of Central Asia)

The history of all societies is associated with human activity, his economic and cultural needs, therefore, activity and needs as vital qualities of people are widely reflected in their interaction with nature and the environment. In the process of labor and production, nature is the main object of human activity, and certain economic and cultural types have developed in different geographic conditions. This law of historical and cultural development is confirmed by the example of the history of the Bronze Age in Central Asia.
 In the Bronze Age, among the population living on the territory of the steppes, the socio-economic system was preserved, characteristic of the tribal communities of cattle-breeding tribes, which were at the stage of decomposition of primitive communal relations. In Central Asia at this time, the process of allocation of historical and cultural regions and ethnic territories was noted.
 This article is dedicated to analysis of features of historical and cultural development of Central Asian population in different geographical conditions. The main attention is paid to the fact that the history of economic-cultural types and their development is connected with geographical atmosphere.

Rating modeling of the primary residential real estate market of Ukraine

The article analyzes the characters of functioning of the primary residential real estate market the regions of Ukraine. A system of indicators that reflect their condition, development intensity and consumer characteristics of residential houses under construction was used. It was made a cluster analysis of the regions of Ukraine by k-average classification method based on these indicators. Then the regions were ranked according to the criteria of the level of attractiveness of construction and the risk of stopping construction based on the calculated integral indicators. The resulting allocation of regions was analyzed. The calculations made allow us to predict the profitability of the construction activity, estimate the costs and revenues, and the associated risks in a regional context.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD OF INDIRECT STEGANOGRAPHIC DATA HIDING IN THE CONTAINER IMAGE CONTOUR

The article discusses issues related to the use of methods of digital steganography for information security in systems of critical appointment. The advantages of using data embedding in an image container are shown. The main disadvantages of the existing methods of embedding in the image container are given. The issues of JPEG image compression for digital steganography are described. The allocation of stable regions in the attacking effects on the basis of the moving mask is proposed. The mathematical apparatus for masking images by the Sobel method is shown. The indirect steganography method of hiding data in blocks which contain information about the circuit is developed.