Abstract
The paper is exploring the problem of the vital rate data in the Lower Volga region during the famine of 19321933. Despite the ample quantity of papers presenting this problem the estimations and indicators differ even in the papers of the same authors and valuation methods are not always reliable. The birth rate of the Lower Volga region was 76223 while the mortality was 184570 during the 1933 famine peak by our estimate. However, there are no vital rate data on the Kalmykia in the central statistical administration archives and the registration of 15,2 thousand deaths were not ascertained identically. The real losses from the famine of 19321933 in the Lower Volga region (excluding Kalmykia) are estimated at 175 thousand maximum and birth rate losses are 147 thousand in 19321934. The mortality of the Lower Volga region had clear geographical distribution and location. The high mortality regions were allocated on the Volga Upland and abutting the Oka-Don plain eastern frontier and on the Medium Syrt frontier in Saratov Krai. The allocation of high mortality regions to the Volga River is interpreted as associating with regions containing major cities and towns with high mortality neighborhoods to the Volga. Stalingrad Krai is defined as a region with lower mortality and gradual slow in its increase with a low peak displaced to July 1933. In 1933 the Lower Volga mortality dynamics was from north to south epidemic; whereas in the south there was time to assume the measures as opposed to northern regions. Some Lower Volga regions in 1933 were characterized by a catastrophic low birth rate and high mortality and at the same time by high birth rate and low mortality and positive vital rate data. The distribution of high mortality regions was determined by the character of local authorities activities and local conditions including geographical description (orthometric height), that requires background study.
Highlights
В современной российской историографии Поволжье рассматривается как эпицентр и один из наиболее пострадавших от голода 1932–1933 гг. регионов
The paper is exploring the problem of the vital rate data in the Lower Volga region
The high mortality regions were allocated on the Volga Upland
Summary
Региональные особенности рождаемости и смертности населения Нижнего Поволжья в период голода 1932–1933 годов. В статье рассмотрена проблема оценки естественного движения населения в период голода 1932–1933 года на Нижней Волге. Рождаемость на Нижней Волге в пик голода 1933 года составила 76223, а смертность 184570 человек. Прямые потери от голода 1932–1933 годов в Нижне-Волжском крае без учета в 1933 году Калмыцкой АО составляют максимум 175 тыс. Человек, а потери от падения рождаемости 1932–1934 годов – 147 тыс. Смертность в 1933 году на Нижней Волге имеет четкую географическую приуроченность. Установлены районы, характеризовавшиеся в период голода как катастрофически низкой рождаемостью и смертностью, так и высокой рождаемостью, низкой смертностью и положительным естественным приростом населения. Ключевые слова: голод 1932–1933 годов; рождаемость; смертность; естественное движение населения; динамика демографических показателей; демографические потери; Нижне-Волжский край; Саратовский край; Сталинградский край; АССР Немцев Поволжья. Nazarenko N.N.1, Bashkin A.V.2 1South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University (Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation)
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