Force Allocation Research Articles

Allocating investigative resources within the Hungarian police force

The distribution of authority and competence is essential for all organizations, including law enforcement. The main focus is not just the existence of this distribution but its actual functionality, particularly from a professional and scientific standpoint regarding resource allocation. Distributing work tasks involves determining the general investigative authority's capacity to respond to crimes across different geographical areas. The aim is to deploy the appropriate forces and tools to different cases. Efficient distribution of resources is crucial as it impacts the quality of criminal investigation work, minimizes crime-related costs, and mitigates social effects. This study aims to evaluate how well the current regulations and practices match investigative resources with arising tasks and what principles guide the allocation of police forces and assets for law enforcement purposes. The focus is on whether the police's investigative activities are effective socially and scientifically rather than purely from a statistical viewpoint.

Research on the impact of land rights certification on farmers’ operating behavior

This article aims to assess the impact of issuing land rights certification on farmers' operating behavior. To accomplish this objective, this paper establishes a theoretical framework for farmers' management behavior and thoroughly examines the stability, endowment, and security effects of land rights certification. Subsequently, using household survey data, the Probit and propensity score matching (PSM) estimation methods are employed to empirically substantiate the influence of farmland ownership confirmation. The verification results show that land right confirmation tends to motivate farmers to engage in agricultural management, and encourages female and older laborers to be more involved in agricultural production compared to males and younger laborers. Furthermore, the paper explores the mechanism by introducing such indicators as investment in agricultural machinery, quality of cultivated land, non-agricultural income of farmers, and laborers’ insurance status. Through analysis and testing, this paper holds that land right confirmation has a dual impact on farmer management, and when the reverse effect is limited, farmers are prompted to adjust the contradiction through labor force allocation within the family.

Impact of the Coupling Coordination Degree of Human Capital and Infrastructure on High-Quality Economic Development: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Cities

China’s economy is transitioning from high-speed to high-quality development, making coordination between economic factors increasingly important. Human capital (HC) and infrastructure (INFRA) are important elements of economic development, and the coupling coordination of the two can have a non-negligible impact on regional economies’ high-quality development. Therefore, this study measures the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of HC and INFRA based on data of 184 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019, and comprehensively examines the impact effect and mechanism of the CCD on high-quality economic development (HQED). The relevant results are threefold. (1) Compared with single factors, the degree of HC-INFRA CCD can promote HQED more efficiently. (2) A significant single-threshold effect is evident in the promotion of HQED by the degree of HC-INFRA CCD, and a smaller city size and more extensive higher education institutions promote a stronger threshold effect. (3) Factor allocation and factor efficiency are significant transmission mechanisms of the HC-INFRA CCD affecting HQED, and the mediating effect of the capital-labor force allocation path accounts for 66.28% of the total indirect effect. The results provide empirical evidence verifying that HC-INFRA CCD promotes HQED, along with insightful reference suggestions for formulating relevant macro policies and promoting high-quality urban economic development.

Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation: Old Problems, New Solutions

The current Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025 has not solved a number of tasks in this area. The level of differentiation of the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, their budgetary and infrastructural security remains high. Citizens have not been provided with equal access to State-guaranteed services. The current mechanisms for the allocation of productive forces and the resettlement of the population are often non-systemic in nature. In addition, the external and internal conditions for the development of the country's economy and social sphere have changed significantly by now. The Russian Federation includes 4 new regions. The concentration of population and infrastructure facilities in the largest urban agglomerations hinders the overcoming of regional imbalances. The task of ensuring the unity of the legal, economic, financial, social, cultural and educational space remains urgent. The issue of the ongoing population decline in the territories of the North, Siberia and the Far East, as well as the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, is acute. Insufficient development of transport and energy infrastructure limits the potential of the regions, hinders the solution of tasks to increase the connectivity of the country's territory. In this regard, the task of smoothing out interregional imbalances by maximizing the full disclosure of the regions and municipalities’ own potential, and creating a comfortable living environment for citizens throughout the country is of strategic importance. This is the aim of the draft Strategy of spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 with a forecast up to 2036. The article attempts to answer the question: how much is the new version of the Strategy able to solve the accumulated problems in this area?

Drive force allocation control based on pump displacement optimization for hydraulic hybrid motor-assisted system

To achieve rational coordination of the front and rear axle torque of commercial vehicles equipped with hydraulic hybrid motor-assisted systems (HHMAS), and further enhance the vehicle’s fuel efficiency and traction capability. A hydraulic pump displacement control strategy based on energy-efficiency-orientation (EEO) is proposed for driving force distribution. Firstly, the efficiency is analyzed from the perspective of system energy flow. Then, considering the time-varying efficiency characteristics of the hydraulic variable pump and hydraulic motor, the stochastic dynamic optimization problem is modeled as a markov decision process, and a value function estimation method is introduced to approximate the optimal energy efficiency of the entire HHMAS. Finally, the results indicate that the EEO strategy can enhance the fuel economy of vehicles, with a fuel-saving rate of 6.3% compared to the wheel-speed-following-control (WSFC) strategy. In addition, the proposed strategy exhibits superior traction capacity and climbing ability compared to the traditional WSFC strategy.

Intelligent towing and pushing system for unmanned tugboats under wind and wave disturbances

ABSTRACT Intelligent unmanned tugboats have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of barge manipulation. This paper investigates the kinetic modelling, optimal force distribution, and cooperative control within the unmanned tugboat towing and pushing system. A practical kinetic model for the towing and pushing system has been developed, precisely taking into account factors like physical cable forces and disturbances caused by wind and waves in turbulent sea conditions. Following this, an optimal force allocation approach is investigated to allocate the desired force and determine the towing and pushing angles. Furthermore, a cooperative model predicted control strategy is proposed for the dual unmanned tugboats' towing and pushing systems. This strategy aims to ensure the barge quickly reaches its designated location, maintaining the desired heading and velocity. Simulation results indicate that unmanned tugboats can collaboratively tow and push the unpowered barge to the specified location with the desired heading and speed.

Accident black spot clustering oriented maritime search and rescue resource allocation and optimization

Efficient and rapid deployment of maritime search and rescue(MSAR) resources is a prerequisite for maritime emergency search and rescue, in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of MSAR. This paper proposes an integrated approach for emergency resource allocation. The approach encompasses three main steps: identifying accident black spots, assessing high-risk areas, and optimizing the outcomes through a synergistic combination of an optimization algorithm and reinforcement learning. In the initial step, the paper introduces the iterative self-organizing data analysis technology (ISODATA) for identifying accident spots at sea. A comparative analysis is conducted with other clustering algorithms, highlighting the superiority of ISODATA in effectively conducting dense clustering. This can effectively carry out dense clustering, instead of the situation where the data spots are too dispersed or obvious anomalies that affect the clustering. Furthermore, this approach incorporates entropy weighting to reassess the significance of accident spots by considering both the distance and the frequency of accidents. This integrated approach enhances the allocation of search and rescue forces, ensuring more efficient resource utilization. To address the MSAR vessel scheduling problem at sea, the paper employs the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II combined with reinforcement learning (NSGAII-RL). Comparative evaluations against other optimization algorithms reveal that the proposed approach can save a minimum of 7% in search and rescue time, leading to enhanced stability and improved efficiency in large-scale MSAR operations. Overall, the integrated approach presented in this paper offers a robust solution to the ship scheduling problem in maritime search and rescue operations. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through improved resource allocation, enhanced timeliness, and higher efficiency in responding to maritime accidents.

Analysis of Beijing Traffic Violations Based on the BERT-CRF Model

Traffic violations are a major cause of traffic accidents, yet current research falls short in comprehensively analysing these violations and the named entity method fails to extract the name of traffic violation events from records, thereby lacking in providing guidance for managing urban traffic violations. By expanding the People’s Daily dataset from 71,456 words to 95,291 words, the BERT-CRF (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-Conditional Random Field) model achieves an accuracy rate of 88.53%, a recall rate of 92.90% and an F1 score of 90.66%, successfully identifying event, time and location named entities within traffic violations. The data of traffic violations is then enhanced through forward geocoding and the Bayesian formula, and traffic violations are analysed from time, space, administrative region, gender and weather, to provide support for the dynamic allocation of law enforcement forces on traffic scenes and the precise management oftraffic violations.

Efficient Optimization-Based Cable Force Allocation for Geometric Control of a Multirotor Team Transporting a Payload

Efficient Optimization-Based Cable Force Allocation for Geometric Control of a Multirotor Team Transporting a Payload

New insights into the mechanism of load transfer in steel-encased CFST connections

Extensive numerical studies and analysis are presented to gain insights into the mechanism of load transfer in T- and K-type concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) connections. The new mechanism of load transfer investigated in this paper manifests that the shear load is transferred non-uniformly in the CFST column. Using validated finite element (FE) models, contact pressure stresses of the concrete-tube and angle-concrete interfaces are investigated to examine the interfacial interaction between each component. It indicates that the friction resistances between three components occur almost throughout the loading process, which is non-uniformly distributed along the column length. In addition, stress in each component is evaluated to determine the region of non-uniform load transfer in the column. For T-type connection, non-uniform load transfer shall only be considered for concrete-tube interface. For K-type connection, non-uniform load transfer should be considered for both concrete-tube and angle-concrete interfaces. Non-uniform load transfer mainly occurs in the connecting region and one time diameter of column above the connecting region for theses connections. Finally, the uneven transferred load of each component for the connections is analysed, whilst different force allocation schemes are compared. Based on the shear stresses at the tube-concrete and concrete-angle interfaces, non-uniform load transfer factor of each interface is calculated to quantitatively evaluate the non-uniformity of load transfer for the T- and K-type CFST connections.

Optimal Gait Planning and Thruster Force Allocation for Rough Terrain Climbing of an Underwater Hexapod Robot

Optimal Gait Planning and Thruster Force Allocation for Rough Terrain Climbing of an Underwater Hexapod Robot

The Causes, Main Performance, and Improvement Measures of Labor Mismatch in China

Labor mismatch affects social and economic efficiency and fairness, and China's labor mismatch needs to be solved urgently. This paper analyzes the phenomenon and causes of China's labor mismatch and tries to put forward solutions. The analysis divides the labor mismatch into three main parts, which are region, education, and industry. The regional mismatch of the labor force is manifested as abundant labor resources in the east and a lack of labor resources in the west. The Eastern region is more developed, and the demand for labor force is large, so there is a shortage of labor force allocation. Due to the poor flow of the labor force, excessive allocation of labor force also exits in the West. In terms of education, the mismatch between talent skills and market demand is an important reason for labor mismatch. There is a talent shortage in some industries, but lots of graduates can't find jobs. Therefore, industry-university-research should be combined. In terms of industry, some young workers today prefer to choose free or emerging industries rather than traditional ones, resulting in a lack of labor in traditional industries. Therefore, traditional industries should carry out upgrading and intelligent transformation.

Study on resonance of multi-degree-of-freedom structure based on modal orthogonal basis

Resonance of multi-degree-of-freedom system or structure is a basic and important concept in structural vibration theory, but it lacks a complete and rigorous definition. In order to establish an accurate concept of structural resonance, based on the concept of single-degree-of-freedom system resonance and modal orthogonality, this paper discusses the necessary conditions of system resonance by analyzing the displacement response of multi-degree-of-freedom vibration system, that is, while ensuring that the vibration frequency of the system (a certain natural frequency) is equal to the excitation frequency, its displacement response should also present the corresponding modal shape. An example of simply supported beam is used to illustrate its rationality. At the same time, the theoretical method of pure modal resonance of multi-degree-of-freedom system is given by rational allocation of excitation force. The pure modal resonance of multi-degree-of-freedom system or structure can be realized, which can be used to accurately identify the modal parameters of the structure. It is of great theoretical significance and engineering application value to discriminate the concept of multi-degree-of-freedom system or structure resonance.

Post-Impact Stabilization during Lane Change Maneuver

This study addresses challenges in vehicle collisions, especially in non-front or non-rear impacts, causing rapid state changes and a loss of control. Electronic Stability Control (ESC) can stabilize a vehicle in minor impact cases, but it cannot effectively handle major collision cases. To overcome this, our research focuses on Post-Impact Stabilization Control (PISC). Existing PISC methods face issues like misidentifying collisions during cornering maneuvers due to assumptions of straight driving, rendering them ineffective for lane change accidents. Our study aims to design PISC specifically for cornering and lane change maneuvers, predicting collision forces solely from the ego vehicle’s data, ensuring improved collision stability control. We employ the unscented Kalman filter to estimate collision forces and develop a sliding mode controller with an optimal force allocation algorithm to counter the disturbances caused by collisions and stabilize the vehicle. Rigorous validation through simulations and tests with a driving simulator demonstrates the feasibility of our proposed methodology in effectively stabilizing vehicles during collision accidents, particularly in lane change situations.

Two-stage stochastic programming model of US Army aviation allocation of utility helicopters to task forces

US Army aviation units often organize into task forces to meet mission requirements. The manner in which they allocate assets affects their long-term capabilities to provide aviation support. We propose a model to allocate utility helicopters across geographically separated task forces to minimize the total time of flight and unsupported air movement air mission requests (AMRs) by priority level. We model the allocation problem with a two-stage stochastic program, with the first-stage problem allocating a fleet’s helicopter teams to task forces. The stochastic demand for each task force is then revealed. The second-stage US Army aviation air movement operations planning problem is modeled as a stochastic mixed integer linear program (MILP). A practical application uses the air movement operations planning heuristic to solve the second-stage problem at scale and generate an optimal stochastic solution task force allocation. This paper provides evidence for the practical use of the proposed two-stage stochastic programming model for US Army aviation asset allocation by military decision-makers. Furthermore, this research provides a novel first formulation of a stochastic programming dial-a-ride problem with multinode refuel and a sound framework for military aviation asset allocation decision-making.

Improving the scientific and methodological apparatus for determining the optimum strategy when selecting a grouping element for performing the task

The object of this study is the process of determining the optimal strategy for choosing a certain element of the grouping to perform a certain task. The problem solved was the contradiction between the need to take into account various types of adverse conditions when determining the optimal strategy for assigning a certain type of forces and means for a certain task to the existing approach to maximizing the result. The improved scientific and methodical apparatus includes optimal selection criteria and an improved procedure for optimal selection of a certain grouping element. Existing approaches to the selection of optimal strategies for assigning forces and means to perform tasks were analyzed, in particular the criteria of Wald, Hurwitz, and Savage. The peculiarity of this analysis is the examination of the criteria in view of the types of adverse conditions they take into account. The application of these criteria will make it possible to take into account the conditions of uncertainty of the input data and minimize the influence of adverse conditions during distribution. The field of practical use of the analysis results is management processes during preparation for the operation. A procedure of optimal selection of a certain element of the grouping for the performance of a certain task has been improved by using several criteria for choosing the optimal strategy and harmonizing the results of this selection in accordance with the conditions. The proposed procedure guarantees the performance of tasks, and the increase in the value of the objective function can reach 40 %. A feature of the proposed procedure is that the result of choosing the optimal strategy is determined according to the conditions of a certain operation and takes into account various types of adverse conditions. This makes it possible to take into account the factors that significantly affect the uncertainty and minimize the expenditure of resources when performing a certain set of combat tasks. The scope of practical use of the methodology is the process of planning and allocation of forces and means among tasks in the operation.

Forest Pedagogy towards the Problem of Polish Educational Monoculture: Projective Pilot Studies

The development of topics related to the idea of sustainable development, ecology and the climate crisis is increasingly supported by Polish educators, psychologists and therapists. At the same time, forest kindergartens as well as various grassroots initiatives based on the methodology of outdoor education are developing in Poland. The long-term achievements of practitioners - most often employees of the State Forests - for whom the forest education of the society has been one of the priorities since the early 1990s, deserves special appreciation (Wierzbicka and Czołnik 2022). In 2021, Forest Pedagogy was initiated in Poland as an interdisciplinary problem area, aspiring to a scientific sub-discipline (Paluch and Klimski 2022). The first contacts between foresters and educators gave rise to the question: Can the forest become a real “pedagogical medium” (Rykowski 2022), understood as an educational environment? What became clear was the problem of the similarity of the forest monoculture (management forests dominating in Poland) to the educational monoculture of the school and academic classroom system. Each monoculture is created with the view of matching the production demand for relatively identical objects – on the one hand, these can be trees “for boards”, but on the other hand, young people subjected to a systemic process of “labour force allocation” (Parsons 1969), serving the development of consumer attitudes. In both cases, the goal is to accelerate production, artificially stimulated competition, preventing the attainment of full maturity, or replicating an unambiguous and one-dimensional picture of the world. A symbolic illustration of the last phenomenon are the findings of a qualitative pilot study in which two groups of students completing a Forest Pedagogy course were asked to design a forest kindergarten. As it turned out, the respondents most often drew ordered elements of the urban playground infrastructure: swings, slides and sandboxes, in the vicinity of the building of the local kindergarten, which dominated the drawing. What is particularly poignant, in the analysed drawings the forest was only a symbolic background.

Load introduction to composite columns revisited—Significance of force allocation and shear connection stiffness

The AISC 360-16 Specification recommends that the design shear force between parts of a composite column in the load introduction area shall be calculated based on the force allocation at ultimate limit state. Applicability of this straightforward method to the load levels that usually arise in slender composite columns is questionable, as this capacity-based force allocation is only true when the axial force is equal to the plastic resistance of the composite cross-section. Next, the number of required shear connectors is calculated as a quotient of the design shear force and the strength of a single shear connector. We demonstrate that: first, for the lower load levels, the stiffness-based force allocation gives a more accurate estimate of the shear force; second, the number of shear connectors satisfying the strength requirement can lead to insufficient force transfer between parts of the composite cross-section. To investigate the shear transfer mechanism in composite columns, we derive an analytical model with linear elastic constitutive relations both for steel and concrete and three types of shear force slip laws: elastic, elastic plastic, and rigid plastic. The case studies carried out for different shear transfer scenarios demonstrate the importance of the shear connection stiffness on the effectiveness of the load introduction. The remaining portion of the shear force is transferred outside the load introduction area, which hampers the column’s ability to withstand shearing from varying bending moments or incipient buckling. To control the shear force transfer efficiency by enhancing the shear connection stiffness, we propose an original Stiffness Method and provide design charts as an aid in the design process.

Adaptive sliding mode controller combined with pseudo-inverse-based thruster allocator design for ROV with variable coefficients

This study introduces a novel adaptive sliding mode controller that incorporates a pseudo-inverse-based allocation method for underwater vehicles with variable coefficients, such as mass and center of gravity. In scenarios like deep-sea mining or dredging, the mass and center of gravity of the vehicle may fluctuate. Taking into account these variations and the changing rate limitations of the thrusters, the primary focus of this research is to address the challenges associated with attitude control and input force allocation.

Fault-tolerant control allocation for a bio-inspired underactuated AUV in the presence of actuator failures: Design and experiments

In this paper, we present the mathematical design and implementation of a fault-tolerant control scheme for a bio-inspired underwater robot with four flexible fins. The proposed active fault-tolerant control scheme re-configures the force allocation matrix using the elimination of column method, depending on which fin actuator is faulty. The proposed method allows to decouple the 6-DOF controllable underwater vehicle using the remaining three fins. The efficacy of the proposed method is assessed experimentally for trajectory tracking of an ellipsoidal-shaped trajectory using two different controllers, namely PID control and Sliding Mode control. The obtained results show that the combination of a sliding mode controller with the proposed fault-tolerant control allocation approach ensures an efficient trajectory tracking control performance when faults occur.