Allocation Of Expenditure Research Articles

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN MIZORAM: GROWTH AND TREND

Public expenditure has grown both relatively and absolutely in all the states of the Indian Union. The developmental process in any society had then to be conditioned by priorities policy set by the state. Accordingly the level and direction of public expenditure allocations were to be design for their maximum beneficial impact on economic and social sectors in order that income growth and the performance on social indices reinforced each other. The significance of public expenditure as an instrument of promoting the socio-economic development of a country is well accepted by the development economists in modern times all over the world, particularly in the developing countries which shelters roughly two-thirds of the world’s poverty ridden people. In a socialistic and welfare characterized state, governments directly intervene in achieving an efficient allocation of resources, in achieving an equitable distribution of income and finally in maintaining economic stability in the economy. The growing concern over the necessity of improving the future well-being of the people is of paramount importance, and therefore, has impelled the governments of the developing countries including India to overcome the problems of mass poverty, unemployment, social and economic backwardness etc. KEYWORDS: Public Expenditure, Capital, Revenue, Development, GSDP

Public Expenditure, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Tunisia During the Period of COVID-19: Comparative Study Between Cartographic Spatial Distribution Analysis and Empirical Validation

The objective of this article is to study the relationship between public expenditure, energy consumption and economic growth during the period of COVID-19 while highlighting a comparative study between the cartographic spatial distribution analysis and empirical validation. In this framework, we tried to present in a spatial distribution mapping for the case of Tunisia while showing the allocation and distribution of public expenditure between several necessary headings such as basic social items and energy consumption during the period from 1990 to 2018.

Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah Dan Belanja Modal Pada Peningkatan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi DKI Jakarta Tahun 2015 – 2022

The implementation of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization gives regional governments the authority to increase regional revenues and realize distributive benefits so that they can determine regional development priorities. This human development concept prioritizes four elements, including productivity, equity, sustainability and empowerment. The aim of this research is to understand how capital expenditure and PAD influence increasing the human development index. DKI Jakarta Province was the location for this research. The 2015-2022 APBD Performance Report and 2015-2022 HDI statistics are secondary data sources used in this research. By using multiple regression analysis, the requirements for traditional hypothesis testing and model feasibility testing are met. Regional initial income does not have a positive impact on the human development index. Capital expenditure does not have a negative impact on the human development index. For simultaneous calculations (F statistical testing), the conclusion is that regional sources of income and capital expenditure simultaneously influence the human development index. Based on hypothesis testing, it shows that PAD and capital expenditure have a positive and significant effect on increasing the human development index. This positive and significant influence means that the more PAD and capital expenditure increase, the higher the HDI will be. This increase was due to the allocation of initial regional income and investment expenditure being used well so that planned activities could be carried out smoothly.

Government Regional Expenditure: Pro-poor Expenditure Allocation of Public Expenditure in Kulon Progo Regency, D. I. Yogyakarta

This article aims to show the public expenditure of the Kulon Progo Regional Government responds to welfare issues with a pro-poor budget approach. Currently, Kulon Progo Regency is still the area with the highest poverty rate among regencies/cities in D.I.Yogyakarta. This condition becomes ironic because this area is under the Regional Government, which has the status of receiving special autonomy. This arrangement impacts the disbursement of special funds to Kulon Progo so that its fiscal capacity becomes large. This type of research uses a qualitative approach with the library research method. While the stages of this research consisted of problem identification, literature search, research aims and objectives, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and research reporting. The study results show that Kulon Progo's public expenditure has not been able to bring this region out of the issue of inequality. The issue of poverty, the low human development index, the high open unemployment rate, and even the low allocation of public expenditure on infrastructure impacts the predicate and image of Kulon Progo, which has not been separated from this issue. In addition, in the aspect of public expenditure, especially based on budget allocations that are pro-poor, in fact, they have not fully accommodated their interests. This can be seen from the data analysis on the issue of inequality in the Kulon Progo Regency, which has not been properly resolved. This reality in the context of Kulon Progo is interesting to study because, with a large enough fiscal power capacity, it has not been reflected in public expenditure oriented towards the people’s welfare.

The Impact of Socioeconomic and Travel-Related Aspects on the Allocation of Expenditures by Tourists Traveling to Taiwan

This paper analyzes the spending patterns of foreign tourists visiting Taiwan in 2019. Then, the study examines the impact of socioeconomic and travel-related factors on tourists' allocation of expenditures for five essential trip products. By comparing the behaviors of tourists from different nations, the study investigates their priorities for travel expenses such as food, accommodation, transportation, and shopping. The study's OLS regression results show that distance, visit times, travel modes, duration of stays, number of visitors, gender, income, age, and education significantly affect tourists' travel expenditures in Taiwan. The findings reveal that longer-haul tourists spend more on travel products due to their experience. In addition, tourists traveling with companions spend more than those traveling alone, and males spend more on accommodation while females prefer shopping. The study also highlights the positive impact of the number of nights spent on the purchase level of travel goods and services. These insights provide valuable information on the travel-related variables that influence international tourists' spending behavior in Taiwan.

Unravelling the Multifaceted Dynamics of Healthcare Expenditure: Exploring the Interplay of Individual Health Status, Lifestyle Choices, and Socio-Economic Factors

This study investigates the relationships between demographic factors and health expenditure based on 387 households in Malappuram district between September 2021 and April 2022. Rigorous statistical methodologies, including ANOVA and t-tests, were applied to scrutinize and quantify these relationships. The findings indicate that health status variations across religious affiliations were present but not statistically significant. Similarly, the regression analysis showed limited predictive power of lifestyle factors (low R-squared, non-significant F-statistics) in explaining health expenditure variations. However, it did reveal a significant correlation between intoxicant use and increased healthcare costs, emphasizing the influence of specific behaviors on healthcare expenses. furthermore, the analysis emphasized the multifaceted nature of healthcare spending, influenced by socio-economic factors, healthcare accessibility, and unobservable variables, extending beyond individual lifestyle choices. With a Gini Coefficient of 0.92 indicating pronounced inequality in healthcare expenditure allocation, policymakers should prioritize equitable healthcare provision, address the complexity of healthcare spending, target interventions as necessary, reduce disparities, and continue relying on data-driven decision-making to enhance the healthcare system in the Malappuram district.

Pengaruh Efektivitas PAD, Ketergantugan Keuangan Daerah, dan Efisiensi Keuangan Daerah Terhadap Alokasi Belanja Modal Pada Pemerintah Provinsi Se-Sumatera

One way to achieve a goal in regional autonomy, especially in terms of improving welfare and community services, is through capital expenditure. This study aims to determine the effect of Financial Performance on the Capital Expenditure Allocation of Provincial Governments in Sumatra for 2017-2021. The population in this study is 10 Provincial Governments with a total observation data (sample) of 50 Provincial Government APBD Realization Reports throughout Sumatra. Testing this hypothesis using multiple linear regression with the help of Eviews 12 software. The results of this study show that partially the Effectiveness of PAD and Regional Financial Efficiency have a significant negative effect on Capital Expenditure Allocation. Meanwhile, Regional Financial Dependence does not have a significant effect on Capital Expenditure Allocation.

Pengaruh Rasio Derajat Disentralisasi, Rasio Kemandirian Keuagan Daerah dan Rasio Tingkat Pembiayaan SiLPA terhadap Alokasi Belanja Modal di Kabupaten/Kota Sumatera Barat

This study aims to determine the extent to which the influence of the degree of decentralization ratio, the ratio of regional financial independence and the SiLPA financing ratio can affect the capital expenditure allocation of district/city governments in West Sumatra. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. Based on partial testing, 1) it is found that the ratio of the degree of decentralization has a significant positive effect on the allocation of capital expenditure in districts/cities in West Sumatra Province. 2) The ratio of regional financial independence has a positive effect on the allocation of capital expenditures in districts/cities of West Sumatra Province. .3) finance in the form of the ratio of SiLPA financing rates has a positive and significant influence on the allocation of capital expenditures in districts/cities in West Sumatra Province.

A network data envelopment analysis based paradigm to benchmark fiscal performance – an analysis of fiscal outlay efficiency among Indian states

PurposeThe fiscal outlay efficiency matters when the performance-based allocation of funds is made to state governments by the central government in a federal structure of an economy like India. Also the efficiency cannon of public expenditure is a key aspect in the field of public economics. Thus, a study to evaluate the efficiency in fiscal outlay of Indian states has been conducted.Design/methodology/approachThe paper offers a three divisions–based paradigm under Network Data Envelopment Analysis framework to compare the performance of fiscal entities (say Indian state governments) in converting available fiscal resources into desired short-run and long-run growth and development objectives. The network efficiency score has been taken as a measure of the quality of fiscal outlay management that is trifurcated into divisional efficiencies representing budgeting process, fiscal outlay efficiency process and fiscal outlay effectiveness process.FindingsIt has been noticed that the states are under performing in achieving short-run growth targets and so the efficiency process division has been identified a major source of fiscal under performance. Suboptimum allocation of fiscal expenditure under various heads within the fiscal resources, as explained under budgeting process, is another major cause of fiscal under performance.Practical implicationsThe study purposes a three divisions–based paradigm that takes into account efficiency of a state in (1) planning budget, (2) achieving short-run growth targets and (3) achieving long-run development targets. These three stages are named as budgeting process efficiency, fiscal outlay efficiency and fiscal outlay effectiveness, respectively. Therefore, a new paradigm called BEE paradigm is proposed to evaluate performance of fiscal entities in terms of fiscal outlay efficiency.Originality/valueIn existing literature on measuring efficiency of public expenditure, the public sector outputs have been made as function of fiscal expenditure as input treating the said outlay as an exogenous variable. In present context, the fiscal expenditure has been treated endogenous to the budgeting process. A high inefficiency on account of budgeting process supports this treatment too.

Fiscal risk management in Ukraine under new challenges

This article examines fiscal risks and their management in Ukraine and abroad, drawing on international best practices. The main aim is to analyze global risks in the short and long term and evaluate how public finances have been managed in Ukraine and other countries during economic crises, while suggesting areas for improvement. The study utilized various scientific methods, including the structural-functional method to uncover risk management mechanisms within public finance systems and the comparative method to contrast key indicators of Ukraine's public finance system with those of other nations. Key findings include the identification of primary tools used nationally and internationally to mitigate the impact of fiscal shocks during crises. Budgetary practices from different countries were also examined, emphasizing fiscal rules, social expenditure allocation, and incentives for innovation and investment. The research highlights how global challenges and economic crises have led countries to adopt different approaches based on their economic development and risk management integration into fiscal processes. Recommendations are provided to enhance fiscal risk management measures in Ukraine, particularly in the ongoing wartime context. In conclusion, this article underscores the importance of effective fiscal risk management and offers specific suggestions to strengthen fiscal risk management practices in Ukraine, considering current circumstances and unforeseen challenges.

ANALYSIS OF THE FISCAL CAPACITY OF DISTRICT AND CITY GOVERNMENTS IN THE EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE

This study aims to analyze the fiscal capacity of districts and cities in East Nusa Tenggara Province through the analysis of the degree of decentralization and fiscal capacity index. Data were analyzed using the degree of fiscal decentralization formula and the calculation of the fiscal capacity index. The results showed that on average, districts and cities in East Nusa Tenggara Province have a low degree of decentralization of 7.99% and are in the very low fiscal capacity index category of 0.442-0.515. The largest contribution to the allocation of regional expenditure comes from central government transfer funds.

The Role of Capital Expenditure Allocation in Mediating Regional Financial Performance on Regional Economic Growth Aceh Province

This study aims to examine the role of capital expenditure in mediating the relationship between regional financial performance and economic growth in Aceh Province. The data source for this research uses secondary data sources from the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bureau of Statistics. Respondents in this study were local governments in Aceh with a total of 24 provincial, district, and city governments for 12 years from 2011-2022 period. The results of the analysis show that regional financial performance, as represented by the independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, efficiency ratio, harmony ratio, and personnel expenditure ratio, simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on capital expenditure. Meanwhile, the direct effect of capital expenditure allocation and regional financial performance is represented by the independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, efficiency ratio, harmony ratio, and personnel expenditure ratio, which simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. This study found that the mediation of capital expenditure allocation on regional financial performance in Aceh province does not affect economic growth. Capital expenditure which is expected to be able to bridge regional financial performance indicators on economic growth, has not yet affected Aceh province.

The Influence of Fiscal Decentralization of Economic Growth in Nias Islands

In general, the fiscal decentralization policy has succeeded in reducing fiscal disparities between levels of government and between regions, as well as encouraging improvements in public services and competitiveness in the regions. Increasing regional revenues from balancing funds, the authority to determine expenditure allocations and the superiority of the position of regional governments that are closer to the people are able to increase economic efficiency and allocate more priority spending according to community needs. However, the conditions of each region in Indonesia vary greatly, so that the impact of fiscal decentralization policies on regional economic growth also varies. On this occasion, research was conducted to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on the economic growth of the Nias Islands. Fiscal decentralization analysis uses income indicators, expenditure indicators and autonomy indicators and includes the population growth factor as a control variable. This study uses panel data from five districts/cities in the Nias Islands during the 2010-2021 period using the Fixed Effect Model method. Based on the results of panel data estimation in this study, the results show that fiscal decentralization has proven to have a significant effect on economic growth in the Nias Islands.

Child poverty among refugees

There are now more violent conflicts globally than at any time in the past three decades, resulting in the largest forced displacement crisis ever recorded. Understanding at a granular level the well-being of refugees is essential to inform successful poverty alleviation strategies and unlock refugees’ potential. As forced displacement can lead to a reorganization of a family’s structure, we use a structural model in combination with data from refugee camps and surrounding communities in Uganda and Kenya to estimate the allocation of consumption within families. We compute poverty rates that account for intra-household inequality, finding that refugee children can be up to three times more likely to be poor than adults. So, refugee children not only suffer from the experience of forced migration, but also from potentially low nutrition and a disproportionately higher poverty risk. Using a supervised machine learning algorithm, we show that a small set of observable traits, such as a child’s age, household composition, and access to sanitation and clean water, predict child poverty in refugee settlements and surrounding communities remarkably well, often better than per-capita household expenditure.

Optimising Regional Financial Performance through Capital Expenditure and Regional Revenue in Bengkalis Regency 2017-2020

Local Government Governance in Improving Regional Financial Performance on the Analysis of Capital Expenditure and Regional Revenue from 20017 to 2020 proves that the Quality and Allocation of Expenditure has not been seen due to the Pattern of Leadership Culture and Geopolitics of Bengkalis Regency. Capital Expenditure has not been prepared to build infrastructures related to the community’s economic growth, which will ultimately impact increasing Regional Original Revenue (PAD). This research is a qualitative descriptive type, intending to know the work of regional finance; there are 5 (five) elements, namely: 1) Degree of Decentralisation; 2) Financial Dependence on the Central Government; 3) Financial Independence; 4) Effectiveness of local revenue; 5) Degree of BUMD Contribution. This paper proves that optimal and effective capital expenditure and the ability to develop an integrated revenue-raising program can improve regional financial performance.

Objectives of military personnel financial and legal protection under martial law

The article examines the issues of financial and legal protection of servicemen as a direction of the State's financial activity under martial law. It has been determined that the financial and legal protection of servicemen is aimed at material support of the entire range of measures on social policy of the State at the expense of budgetary funds. It has been proved that the allocation and use of budget expenditures in 2023 are conditioned by the martial law in which the country is, and have a temporary content, but cover a significant amount of funds, which affected the State's ability to perform its social function.
 The problem of financial and legal protection is related to the problem of financing special social rights of servicemen, and its implementation depends, firstly, on the distribution and volume of State budget expenditures, secondly, on the improvement of the social protection system, which is inherent in ensuring the implementation of the social function of the State, and thirdly, on the distribution of budget funds, the administrator of which is the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, the available amount of which is a result of the distribution of State expenditures. At the second and third stages of the budget process, the legal basis for the allocation and use of budget funds is established, in particular for the financing of social rights, the realisation of which depends on the amount of expenditures and the impact of various political, economic and other factors.
 To conclude, we note that budget expenditures for the social sphere in general and for the financing of special social rights of military personnel in particular, as well as for other categories of citizens, need to be regulated at the stages of drafting, reviewing and adopting the budget law. The implementation of measures on financial and legal protection of servicemen depends on the fulfilment of the state's tasks on the distribution and use of budget expenditures for financing benefits, guarantees and compensations for servicemen and is ensured, firstly, by financing social standards and state social guarantees, and secondly, by financing special social rights of servicemen.

Sustainable Wireless Services With UAV Swarms Tailored to Renewable Energy Sources

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms are often required in off-grid scenarios, such as disaster-struck, war-torn or rural areas, where the UAVs have no access to the power grid and instead rely on renewable energy. Considering a main battery fed from two renewable sources, wind and solar, we scale such a system based on the financial budget, environmental characteristics, and seasonal variations. Interestingly, the source of energy is correlated with the energy expenditure of the UAVs, since strong winds cause UAV hovering to become increasingly energy-hungry. The aim is to maximize the cost efficiency of coverage at a particular location, which is a combinatorial optimization problem for dimensioning of the multivariate energy generation system under non-convex criteria. We have devised a customized algorithm by lowering the processing complexity and reducing the solution space through sampling. Evaluation is done with condensed real-world data on wind, solar energy, and traffic load per unit area, driven by vendor-provided prices. The implementation was tested in four locations, with varying wind or solar intensity. The best results were achieved in locations with mild wind presence and strong solar irradiation, while locations with strong winds and low solar intensity require higher Caital Expenditure (CAPEX) allocation.

Pengaruh Ukuran Pemerintah Daerah dan Fiscal Stress Terhadap Alokasi Belanja Modal di Provinsi Lampung

This study aims to examine the effects of two variables, namely regional government size and financial pressures, on the distribution of investment spending in the districts/cities of Lampung province over the three last year, specifically 2019-2021. The districts/cities of Lampung province became the study population with a total of 48 regions and to obtain representative results this study used saturation sampling method. The methods used in data analysis and discussion are quantitative methods, applying descriptive statistical analysis, panel data regression analysis and hypothesis testing. These methods provide a more detailed picture of the impact of local government size and budgetary constraints on the allocation of investment spending. The results of this study indicate that partly or simultaneously, the size of the regional government (UPD) has a significant positive effect on the allocation of investment spending in the districts/cities of Lampung province. However, this study did not find any significant effect of budgetary stress (FIST) on investment expenditure allocation. These results can provide valuable information and policy recommendations for decision-making at the local government level to promote more efficient allocation of investment spending.

Analisis Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum, Dana Alokasi Khusus dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Alokasi Belanja Modal pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

This study aims to determine the effect of Regional Original Revenue, General Allocation Fund, and Special Allocation Fund on Capital Expenditure Allocation in Regency/City in Central Java Province for the period 2019-2022. The population used in this study were Regencies/Cities in Central Java Province, with a sampling technique, namely purposive sampling, so that the sample taken was 35 districts/cities, consisting of 29 regencies and 6 cities with the period 2019-2022. The type of data used is secondary data, obtained from the APBD Budget and Realization Report on the official website djpk.kemenkeu, and data collection techniques through literature study and documentation. The data analysis method in this study is descriptive statistics and classical assumption tests with hypothesis testing using multiple linier analysis F-test, Determination test, and t-test, Based on the test results, is shows that Regional Original Revenue, and the General Allocation Fund partially have a positive and significant effect on Capital Expenditure. Meanwhile, the Special Allocation Fund partially has no positive and significant effect on Capital Expenditure. Keywords: Regional Original Revenue, General Allocation Funds, Special Allocation Funds, and Capital Expenditure Allocation

Development Expenditure Allocation and District Wise Social Development: A Case Study of Punjab Pakistan

In the wake of achieving Sustainable Development Goals, this study sets to investigate the allocation of development expenditures as government policy intervention and its role in the uplifting the social condition in districts of Punjab. The constriction of a comprehensive social development is indexed using principal factor analysis. This study considered panel data for 36 districts of Punjab ranging from 2008 to 2017. Estimates from the panel Random Effect model advocated that the rise in the development expenditures by the Government of Punjab follows U shape relationship with the social condition of the province. This quadratic model helps to estimate district-wise effects of government development intervention on social development and its components via which resource mobilization optimization can be done.