Alliance Management Research Articles

Nuclear topsy turvy: the security-economics nexus in Turkish-American relations

This article discusses the shift in Turkey’s nuclear alliance with the United States from client to junior partner. Ankara sought to bring the Turkish economy and military forces in line with those of its patron to signal its loyalty. But power asymmetries made it so that Washington became Ankara’s lifeline. From the 1950s until the mid-1960s, American policymakers applied a top-down style of alliance management, making important decisions without consulting Ankara. But the mid-1960s marked a turning point in the nature of this relationship, as Turkey became better able to stand on its own feet. Rather than relying on unilateral measures, the Americans had to consult and coordinate with Ankara. Also, Turkey could reject key American proposals involving nuclear weapons, such as the creation of a Multilateral Force for NATO, and even create some ambiguity about its nuclear intentions to signal its loss of faith in the American security guarantee.

The Relationship between Emotional Self-Control and Coping Mechanisms -Applications of Neuroscience in Education

Recent research in the neurosciences, that has been increasing recently, is beginning to develop significantly relevant conclusions regarding aspects of brain function. Two of the central concepts derived from the enrichment of the field of knowledge of the human brain and mind refer to neuroplasticity and epigenesis. Understanding the coping mechanisms in the educational context is the passport to a state of mind-brain-body balance that allows a better management of the teacher-student alliance. Through the given research we aim to study by statistical comparison, the difference in self-control depending on the person's gender and the relationship between coping mechanisms (VI) and self-control (VD) depending on gender. The research group consists of 260 adults, non-clinical population from Romania, aged between 22-65 years, and following the comparison according to gender, we note that there are different coping mechanisms for men and women that are associated with fragile self-control, only one behavioral coping mechanism being common to both categories: aggressive behavior. For women, recurrent thinking about how terrible the experienced event was, impulsive behavior without considering the consequences, manipulative and non-transparent behavior, as well as aggressive, brutal behavior are associated with fragile self-control. For men, aggressive, brutal behavior and focusing only on one's needs, regardless of whether the consequences of one's actions have negative consequences on others, are associated with fragile self-control.

Evolutionary game theory in patent alliance dynamics: strategy and policy implications

ABSTRACT This study investigates the dynamics of patent alliances, underscoring their strategic relevance for firms pursuing technological innovation and market leadership. We address the issue of opportunistic behaviour stemming from the contractual gaps in these alliances, proposing strategic measures to curtail such conduct and bolster alliance robustness. Utilising Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT), we conduct numerical simulations to analyze the motives for alliance formation, the efficacy of anti-opportunism strategies, and their influence on alliance durability. The study highlights how regulatory policies increase repercussions, fostering cooperative alliances. Our simulations, predicated on defined parameters such as the likelihood of detecting and sanctioning opportunistic actions, showcase how these factors shape the strategic decisions of alliance members. This study enriches the theoretical discourse on patent alliance management by integrating the EGT approach, shedding light on effective deterrents against opportunistic behaviour and mechanisms fostering alliance solidarity. We advocate for a synchronised approach that aligns stringent regulatory practices with corporate strategies to ensure the resilience and success of patent alliances, crucial for navigating the complexities of competitive technology markets and maintaining long-term alliance efficacy. This comprehensive strategy is essential for managing the intricacies of patent alliances and securing their long-term viability and productivity.

Strategic Alliances and Firm Innovation in Global Markets in Turkey

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the strategic alliances and firm innovation in global markets in Turkey. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Strategic alliances significantly enhance firm innovation in global markets, particularly in Turkey. These partnerships enable firms to access resources and knowledge, driving innovation through joint R&D and technological advancements. In Turkey, alliances with multinational corporations and global partners accelerate technology adoption and best practices, boosting local firms' innovation capabilities and expanding market reach. Despite challenges like cultural differences and regulatory issues, effective alliance management can greatly benefit firms by improving competitiveness and innovation outcomes globally. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resource-based view (RBV) theory, transaction cost economics (TCE) theory & social network theory may be used to anchor future studies on strategic alliances and firm innovation in global markets in Turkey. Enhance organizational capabilities in alliance management through training programs and knowledge-sharing platforms that emphasize best practices in partner selection, negotiation, and collaborative innovation. Develop supportive regulatory frameworks that encourage cross-border alliances and facilitate intellectual property protection, thereby reducing legal uncertainties and enhancing trust among international partners.

When friends are near foes: governing nonequity alliances with steering committees

PurposeIndirect knowledge leakage to rivals located near alliance partners represents a significant risk that has received limited scholarly attention. Hence, the question of how to manage this risk – which the authors term “partner-rival co-location risk” – in nonequity alliances remains unanswered, and this study aims to suggest establishing a steering committee to oversee the partnership.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the agglomeration economies and alliance governance literatures, the authors develop a set of hypotheses and perform a series of empirical tests on 470 nonequity alliances in the US biopharmaceutical industry.FindingsThe authors propose that there is a positive linkage between partner-rival co-location risk and the formation of a steering committee in a nonequity alliance, which receives strong empirical support. Further, this relationship is significantly moderated by the breadth (alliance scope) but not the depth (reciprocal interdependence) of interaction between the partnering firms.Originality/valueThis paper is a pioneer to shed light on “partner-rival co-location risk” and how partner-rival co-location risk affects the governance decision of whether to establish a steering committee in a nonequity alliance, thus offering important theoretical and practical insights into competition and cooperation in alliance management.

Propuesta de Estrategia para la vinculación y seguimiento de las personas graduadas de los planes de estudio de la Escuela de Bibliotecología, Documentación e Información de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (2022-2026)

For the present investigation, a compilation and organization of information sources was carried out that dealt with the issue of linking and monitoring the graduates of the different study programs of the career of the School of Library Science, Documentation and Information (EBDI) of the National University of Costa Rica. The selected contents of the sources consulted were analyzed, identifying the current need to create a strategy that would guide and coordinate all the new initiatives to strengthen the link and facilitate the follow-up of these professionals with the EBDI, taking into account the topics of interest identified for updating, and continuous training. This proposal has the objective of strengthening the link, monitoring and communication between both parties considered through a strategy for the period 2022-2026 that would facilitate updated knowledge of labor market conditions, the management of alliances and the interests of updating and education. permanent considering the experience and learning achieved by graduates. This academic exercise was carried out with a mixed approach in which different techniques and sources of qualitative and quantitative information were used, facilitating the obtaining of results such as: a description of the context and identification of the updating needs of the people graduates, the identification of the context and needs of both the graduates and the EBDI in maintaining constant links and communication with each other and a strategy proposal for linking and monitoring these professionals with the EBDI.

Ambidextrous knowledge accumulation, dynamic capability and manufacturing digital transformation in China

PurposeExisting studies have paid less attention to the impact of knowledge accumulation on digital transformation and its boundary conditions. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of ambidextrous knowledge accumulation on manufacturing digital transformation under the moderation of dynamic capability.Design/methodology/approachThis study divides knowledge accumulation into exploratory and exploitative knowledge accumulation and divides dynamic capability into alliance management capability and new product development capability. To clarify the relationship among ambidextrous knowledge accumulation, dynamic capability and manufacturing digital transformation, the authors collect data from 421 Chinese listed manufacturing enterprises from 2016 to 2020 and perform analysis by multiple hierarchical regression method, heterogeneity test and robustness analysis.FindingsThe empirical results show that both exploratory and exploitative knowledge accumulation can significantly promote manufacturing digital transformation. Keeping ambidextrous knowledge accumulation in parallel is more conducive than keeping single-dimensional knowledge accumulation. Besides, dynamic capability positively moderates the relationship between ambidextrous knowledge accumulation and manufacturing digital transformation. Moreover, the heterogeneity test shows that the impact of ambidextrous knowledge accumulation and dynamic capabilities on manufacturing digital transformation varies widely across different industry segments or different regions.Originality/valueFirst, this paper shifts attention to the role of ambidextrous knowledge accumulation in manufacturing digital transformation and expands the connotation and extension of knowledge accumulation. Second, this study reveals that dynamic capability is a vital driver of digital transformation, which corroborates the previous findings of dynamic capability as an important driver and contributes to enriching the knowledge management literature. Third, this paper provides a comprehensive micro measurement of ambidextrous knowledge accumulation and digital transformation based on the development characteristics of the digital economy era, which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research.

Balancing between dynamics and stability for innovation alliance synergy based on evolutionary game model

PurposeResearch on strategic alliances is concerned with two issues: continuation and reconfiguration. Building on prior research that examines the two issues separately, the paper studies them simultaneously. This paper aims to investigate how strategic alliances may exert the synergetic effect between dynamics and stability as well as to discuss the dynamic evolution process and influence factors of strategic alliances.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes the construction of a two-party evolutionary game model of alliance and partners. The model is used to analyze the evolution process of synergetic mechanism to determine when to terminate and when to continue with a partnership. Further, numerical simulation is used to quantify the results and to gain insight into the effects of various factors on the dynamic evolution of the synergetic mechanism.FindingsThis paper reveals several synergetic states of dynamics and stability in the alliances. The results show that synergy states are positively affected by the collaborative innovation benefits, alliance management capability, the intensity of intellectual property protection, liquidated damages and reputation losses, and negatively affected by the absorptive capacity of partners.Practical implicationsThe study helps the alliance to achieve long-term development as well as to balance the paradoxical relationship. The results suggest that managers of strategic alliances should focus on building strong and long-term relationships in order to achieve high performance innovations. Managers should also pay close attention to their partners’ behaviors in previous alliances.Originality/valueThis paper provides new insights into the paradoxical relationship in alliance by revealing the evolution of synergetic mechanism between dynamics and stability. The results remind alliances to understand the relationship between dynamics and stability and to notice the influence factors of synergistic effects when they are making decisions.

박정희 정부의 전력증강 정책 추진에 대한 미국의 대응 분석

This article examines the response of the U.S. to the Korean government's power enhancement project in terms of alliance management. The Park Chung-hee administration resolved security concerns caused by increased threats from North Korea and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Korea, and promoted a policy to increase power for self-defense. A dual-path strategy was implemented by the Park Chung-hee administration's power enhancement policy, which combined the conventional power enhancement policy and the nuclear weapons development policy. The U.S. showed double-faced strategy to the Korea’s power enhancement policy. First, the U.S. was in a favorable position to Korea’s conventional power enhancement policy. Second, the U.S. thwarted Korea’s nuclear weapons development by checking and obstructing it. Through this study, it can be confirmed that the success or failure of an attempt to change power through the power enhancement of a weaker country in an asymmetric alliance system depends on the interests of the powerful countries. Therefore, in order to resolve the imbalance in alliance relations through the increase of its own power, weaker countries must consider and persuade the interests of powerful countries.

Friends, enemies, and emulation: A case study of the Iraqi Air Force and a new approach to military technological diffusion

Military emulation, by which military organizations of one state learn from those of another, is a key process of military-technological diffusion and an important tool of alliance management and American foreign policy. Existing research partially explains this process and its success or failure using two-part models that include the emulating organization and the emulated organization. Using the relationship between the United States Air Force and the Iraqi Air Force between 2004 and 2023 as a case study, this article suggests that a critical third element explaining emulation is how the relevant enemy is perceived within the emulating and emulated organizations.

Comparison of safety and effectiveness between etanercept biosimilar LBEC0101 and reference in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in real-world data using the KURAMA cohort.

Biosimilars are anticipated to be widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), owing to their cost efficiency; LBEC0101 was the first etanercept (ETN) biosimilar approved in Japan. However, there are limited real-world data comparing its safety and effectiveness with those of a reference product. This study used data from the Kyoto University Rheumatoid Arthritis Management Alliance cohort, including patients with RA who received ETN therapy-ETN reference product (ETN-RP) or LBEC0101-between 2015 and 2021. Serum ETN levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The 1-year continuation rates of ETN-RP and LBEC0101 were 58.7% and 74.4%, respectively. Effectiveness of treatment was evaluated in 18 patients; both products significantly reduced the 28-joint RA disease activity score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). Moreover, to determine equivalence, we analysed 11 patients who switched from ETN-RP to LBEC0101; the DAS28-ESR and serum ETN levels before and after switching were not significantly different. This real-world cohort study confirmed that the biosimilar of ETN, LBEC0101, was comparable to the reference product in terms of continuation rate, effectiveness at initiation of introduction, and effect persistence before and after switching in clinical practice.

Alliances and digital transformation are crucial for benefiting from dynamic supply chain capabilities during times of crisis: A multi-method study

During times of crisis, businesses need strategic partnerships and digital transformation to survive. Understanding how digital transformation and alliance management capability can work together to enhance supply chain capabilities during a crisis is important. We have developed a theoretical framework that explains how the alliance management capability, under the mediating influence of digital transformation, helps build supply chain capabilities for unprecedented crises. This framework highlights key enablers such as alliance management capability, digital transformation, supply chain agility, and supply chain adaptability that are essential for organisational performance. We tested our theoretical model using a survey of 157 individuals working in the manufacturing industry in India. Our findings suggest that combining alliance management capability and digital transformation enhances supply chain capabilities, which improves an organisation's ability to respond to crises. Moreover, digital transformation, supply chain agility, and adaptability are critical determinants of organisational performance during crises. Therefore, companies that use digital technologies to increase their agility and adaptability are more likely to perform well during times of crisis. To collect qualitative data, we interviewed key participants (n = 27) and identified four key enablers for a digital transformation strategy for supply chains: coordination, digital leadership, digital culture, and digital talent management. Our study offers a detailed understanding of the dynamic capability view in digital transformation, highlighting key drivers for competitive advantage.

Application of Multidimensional Quality Management Tools in the Management of Medical Adverse Events.

This study aims to investigate the impact of multidimensional quality management tools in establishing a medical adverse event management system, with the aim of continuously improving medical quality and safety while ensuring patient well-being. This study introduces risk management theories, such as the "Gray Rhino Theory", and employs quality management tools like the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, Quality Control Circle (QCC), and Root Cause Analysis (RCA), to provide relevant quality management education and training to employees. This approach facilitates the establishment of a medical adverse event management system that encourages reporting and fosters a blame-free reporting culture, while simultaneously implementing quality management across the entire process. The regular utilization of the QCC facilitates ongoing quality improvement. Furthermore, for sentinel events and patient harm incidents with educational values, the study employs the Incident Decision Tree (IDT) to determine appropriate actions. Additionally, the hospital initiates RCA for system-wide improvements, focusing on areas such as management, institutional processes, and environmental aspects. Moreover, an internal medical quality improvement case competition is organized, with outstanding cases being selected to participate in the multidimensional quality management competition organized by the National Quality Management Alliance. The study reveals a significant improvement in employees' awareness of adverse events, the percentage of employees reporting adverse events increased significantly from 39.15% in 2019 to 49.77% in 2022, P=0.002. Furthermore, the adverse event reporting rate has risen significantly from 2.78% (2019) to 5.96% (2022), P=0.002. Additionally, each department has been able to utilize QCC or RCA tools for quality improvement, thereby further reinforcing the development of a patient safety culture. Multidimensional quality management tools play a crucial role in establishing a hospital's adverse event management system, promoting continuous improvement in medical quality, ensuring patient safety, and effectively implementing a culture of patient safety.

Does archaeology deliver evidence about the past or co-create contemporary values?

The paper focuses on heritage value systems, particularly investigating the archaeological understanding of heritage values and evaluation. The literature review shows that the postmodern archaeological paradigm predominantly covers the topic, while the perspective of the intrinsic value is less explored. The starting point of our research is the thesis that archaeological paradigms obstruct better public support if they refrain from using axiological considerations. By archaeological paradigm, we refer to the processual and post-processual ones (the latter focusing on understanding past social phenomena). Axiology, as the theory of values, developed in the second half of the 20th century. Its approach is now used in many areas of social sciences (for example, education and medical care). Public archaeology is more open to societal needs than processual and post-processual archaeology but has yet to apply a values-based approach consistently. To clarify our thesis, we analyse the theoretical and practical considerations on the values of (archaeological) heritage, including the issues of the categorization of values, reflection on who assigns values to heritage and how this affects the reception of archaeological knowledge in society. The paper addresses some critical aspects of the evaluation in archaeological heritage conservation, management and building alliances with locals and communities who identify with heritage. I outline a comprehensive archaeological evaluation system considering systemic, extrinsic and intrinsic archaeological values in the conclusions.

Impact analysis of a construction and demolition waste dumping quota trading scheme in uncertain, cooperative, and non-cooperative scenarios

Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) has emerged as a significant environmental challenge, demanding urgent attention and innovative solutions. In response, this paper introduces a novel approach, the C&DW Dumping Quota Trading Scheme (CDWTS), and presents an optimization model to gauge its deep-seated implications on construction project investments and environmental pollution mitigation. This model considers both collaborative and non-collaborative interactions among decision-makers and effectively addresses the uncertainties inherent in the evaluation process through a proposed Hybrid Defuzzification Strategy (HDS). The HDS integrates distributed robust optimization, fuzzy set theory with risk-oriented, and sensitivity analysis to attain risk hedging that balances economy and robustness in the assessment and analysis of the CDWTS. Numerical testing of the model using data from Nanjing, China offers valuable perspectives for CDWTS stakeholders. Specifically, the CDWTS serves as a powerful tool for encouraging enterprises to internalize the external costs of pollution, resulting in significant environmental improvements and the promotion of cleaner production processes within the construction industry. Notably, the allotment and pricing of quotas are identified as pivotal factors in optimizing environmental benefits. Future implementations of the CDWTS should prioritize the development of equitable and efficient quota allocation methods while ensuring stability in quota pricing. Furthermore, it's vital to recognize the potential environmental risks associated with collusion among enterprises and the utilization of rudimentary recycling technologies. Thus, it is recommended to augment subsidies for technological investments in the recycling process and to enhance supervision and management of enterprise alliances. In conclusion, unlike prior studies that mainly delved into dissecting CDWTS concepts and designing its framework, this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of CDWTS's economic and environmental benefits while addressing uncertainties. Policymakers should consider adopting the CDWTS and HDS into their waste management toolkits, as well as fully assessing the potential concerns identified in this study. These tools and insights not only assist the construction industry in moving toward cleaner production on its own, but they also address potential barriers for policymakers on a path to "waste-free cities".

US Alliance management in the shadow of sino-American competition

ABSTRACT Authoritarian, revisionist, and revanchist powers are exerting pressure on the liberal international order and challenging the United States’ vital security interests across theaters. The United States will increasingly need to simultaneously tackle challenges in two critical theaters while also addressing global threats. To do so effectively, it will need to lean in and actively capitalize on its chief geostrategic advantage over its competitors and adversaries – its global network of alliances and strategic partnerships. However, alliance management faces both traditional and emerging challenges. These range from ensuring effective burden sharing, to providing alliance assurance and balancing interests and values along with allies’ contributions across theaters and domains. In addition, because the United States is operating in a world where all instruments of power, military and non-military, are increasingly utilized in an interconnected way, it will also need to look at defense and security alliance management through the lens of issues ranging from industrial policy to economic security. This essay sheds light on these “old” and “new” challenges, providing insights into critical issues of alliance management that the United States will face in the emerging security environment.

Strategy, technology, industry and politics: challenges for the 21st Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

ABSTRACT This article introduces nine essays capturing panel discussions at the Department of Social Sciences at the United States Military Academy on 8–9 February 2023, in support of the Office of the United States Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. These essays were selected from among 31 panel essays to represent central defense issues: alliance management, technology in conflict, defense industrial policy, and the domestic politics of defense strategy. The participants asked one another how each of these challenges were likely to shape international order and ordering, and how the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff could best prepare. The authors of this introductory essay argue that while the constellation of challenges outlined by the nine essays in this special section are clearly daunting, they are not totally unprecedented, and the US and its allies have tools at their disposal to respond effectively. US strategists may need to focus more on the domestic sources of foreign and security policies in allies and adversaries alike and implement emerging technologies alongside time-tested human tools of statecraft, all while rebuilding US and allied defense industrial bases amid complex and conflictual domestic political economies.

Cautious or Fearless: A Comparative Analysis of the Policies of the Nixon and Trump Administrations Regarding the Inclusion of the South China Sea Region in the Scope of the Mutual Defense Treaty Between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America

Since the Philippines began to have disputes regarding the South China Seas territorial sovereignty with China in the end of 1960s, it has engaged in a long-term game with its greater ally of whether the Mutual Defense Treaty between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America applies to the region. The Nixon administration was regarded as the basic positioning period of the US policy on the US-Philippines alliance during the Cold War, holding a vague attitude. However, during the Trump era, Washington clearly offered the Philippines security guarantees for this region, indicating a significant policy-making shift. This article selects the Nixon and Trump administrations as cases, utilizing the theoretical framework of the entrapment dilemma in alliance management theory which aims to investigate into the reasons why the two administrations held extremely different attitudes towards whether to include the South China Sea region in the scope of the MDT and analyze the cost-benefit considerations of Washington in managing the Asia-Pacific military alliance. The conclusion is that in the Nixon era, the US tended to avoid being entrapped because it was not worth the deterioration in relations with China and other informal allied countries only to maintain its alliance with the Philippines. However, during the Trump administration, to enhance its military presence in this region, maintain and strengthen a series of Asia-pacific military alliances, the US is willing to bear the risk of entrapment.

Alliance management capability and SMEs’ international expansion: The role of innovation pathways

Although alliance management capability (AMC) has been widely investigated as a firm-level performance driver, it is still unclear whether and how this distinctive type of relational capability can enhance small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) internationalization activity. By integrating the alliance capability literature and resource-based view (RBV), as well as using data collected from a sample comprising 248 SMEs in UK manufacturing industries, we address this gap by examining the mechanisms through which SMEs can expand their internationalization via collaboration. We found support for our contention that AMC enhances radical and incremental co-innovation in SMEs, culminating in the international expansion of these firms. Additionally, we reveal the moderating effects of alliance partner diversity on the AMC and co-innovation relationship. The results offer both theoretical and managerial insights, contributing to a better understanding of how SMEs can leverage AMC to drive their global expansion strategies.

Examining executives’ role conflicts in German-international joint ventures: A qualitativeanalysis

The purpose of this study is to examine what conflicting roles executives of international joint ventures (IJV) perceive and to explicate what consequences result from such discords, particularly how and under what conditions role conflicts relate to IJV performance. A qualitative approach was followed by analyzing 23 semi-structured interviews based on Saldaña's two coding cycles. Results present comprehensive catalogs of IJV executives' roles as well as role conflicts, along with a conceptual model that shows (positive, but especially negative) consequences of role conflicts. This model sheds light on the black box of the relationship between role conflicts and IJV performance, thus opening a promising basis for further behavioral research embedded in alliance management. In addition, the established catalogs of identified role(s) (conflicts) contribute to the research field of global leadership.