Allen Type Research Articles

Régénération du lit unguéal des patients pédiatriques

Patients with fingertip and fingernail loss are often very self-conscious and tend to hide them, and, since fingernails are often dismissed as having very little functional value, patients often do not seek out assistance for reconstruction. We present a review of 21 patients, average age was 6 years [3–10 y]. Due to trauma between 2010 to 2016. With Allen type 2-4 fingertip injuries, who underwent surgery using either an island direct or Atasoy flap. Outcomes were evaluated based on presence and degree of tissue necrosis (1–absent, 2–less than 50%, 3–greater than 50%), nail deformity (classified using the Result Reconstructed Fingertip Length Appearance of Nail Unit). Mobility was evaluated in comparison to the contralateral (CL) phalange and classified as 1–100% CL, 2–75% CL, 3–50% CL, 4–25% CL. Injuries were classified as Allen types 2 (6), 3 (5) and 4 (10). Mean patient follow-up was 21 months [12–35 mo]. Five patients (23.8%), all of which had Allen type 2 crush injuries, underwent reconstruction with an Atasoy flap. Regarding nail appearance, one (20%) was considered “excellent” while four (80%) were classified as “good”. Joint mobility was 100% CL in two patients (40%), 99–75% in another two (40%) and 74–50% in one patient (20%). The 16 remaining patients (76.2%) with Allen types 2 (1), 3 (5) and 4 (10) injuries underwent reconstruction with an island flap. In total, one (4,7%) patient developed partial tissue necrosis, 5 (23%) had “good”, rather than “excellent” nail appearance and 4 (19%) had decreased joint mobility compared to the contralateral finger. For years, it was believed that the nail was produced by the germinal matrix only. Johnson et al. (1991) attempted to put an end to the discussion, stating that nail formation happens continuously throughout the nail bed, and not only in the germinal matrix. Ogo (1987) also observed that the nail bed is capable of regeneration. He noted that the best results were associated with and adequate nail matrix size, whereas nail matrices of inadequate size did not show good nail bed growth. Nail bed injury continues to be a relatively under-appreciated topic of hand surgery and there is currently no consensus as to the optimal treatment of such injuries. Our study shows that the Atasoy and island flaps are excellent options for pediatric nail bed injuries.

Seedorf: A small Allen complex assemblage in eastern Colorado

Forty-two lithic artifacts were collected during four visits to a blowout in Yuma County, Colorado during the spring of 1977. Diagnostic projectile points and fragments are of the Allen type, with one exception, and it is assumed that this collection represents part of an Allen assemblage. Description of this material provides documentation for one of few Allen assemblages currently known. Comparisons are made with other Allen sites in the region.

New technique "graft reposition on flap" in allen type iv amputation: a report of six cases.

Allen type IV fingertip amputations were treated by a modified technique, when the replantation is difficult to be performed or not an option. The pre-existing technique involves nail bed grafting and local flap. In the modified technique, a free bone graft is added, bone and free nail bed repositioned and pulp reconstruction by local flap. This can be best described "graft reposition on flap" (GRF). GRF was found to be simple and cost effective. It allows preservation of finger length and a fully functional and cosmetically acceptable nail.

Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen rich ruthenium complexes

Treatment of “ruthenium blue” in ethylene glycol with azide ions produced three ruthenium complexes having different nuclearities and oxidation states. The first, [Ru(N3)6]3− (1), a mono-nuclear RuIII hexaazide complex has been crystallized by using various counter-cations. The X-ray structure analysis of these salts has revealed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry with a Ru–N bond distance of 2.066(3)Å. The second, [Ru2N(N3)10]6− (2), is a nitrido-bridged RuIII, RuIV complex. The Ru–N–Ru bond angle in 2 is 170.8(2)° and the N5Ru–N–RuN5 system adopts a staggered configuration. The average Ru–N bond distances of the two metal atoms are slightly different. These parameters do not agree with the widely accepted view that most nitrido bridged ruthenium atoms have a RuNRu allene type structure. Complex 3, [(C2H4O2)2RuN]−, a by-product of the reaction, is a RuVI complex containing a triply-bonded terminal nitride with a RuN bond distance of 1.598(3)Å.

Fingertip Reconstruction With Simultaneous Flaps and Nail Bed Grafts Following Amputation

To report our technique and results with treating fingertip amputations with flaps and simultaneous nailbed grafts. We reconstructed 20 fingertip amputations with loss of bone and nail with flaps combined with nailbed grafts. We reconstructed the volar side of the fingertip with a flap, and the dorsal side of the fingertip with a nailbed grafted to the raw inner surface of the flap. We employed volar V-Y advancement flaps for transverse or dorsal oblique fingertip injuries and generally used abdominal flaps for volar oblique fingertip injuries. We harvested nailbeds from the amputated finger or from the patient's first toe. The length of the amputated fingertips was restored with the flaps, and the lost nailbeds were restored to their natural appearance with the nailbed grafts. We classified the results according to the length of the reconstructed fingertip and the appearance of the nail. Excellent or good results were achieved in 16 cases. Three cases had fair results and 1 had a poor result. We observed favorable results for distal fingertip amputations (Allen type II or III). In particular, most cases that were reconstructed with volar V-Y advancement flaps combined with nailbed grafts demonstrated favorable results. This method is useful for the restoration of dorsal oblique or transverse type fingertip amputations and is a good alternative when replantation is not an option.

Experimental evidence of the influence of iron on pore water radiolysis in cement-based materials

Hydrated tricalcium silicate based cement pastes or mixes, with the addition or not of amorphous iron oxyhydroxide, were irradiated for 1year in a closed system (γ radiation) with the aim of provoking radiolysis of the alkaline pore solution (pH>13). The data collected (on-line monitoring of the total pressure and the H2 content in 500cm3 mini-containers irradiated at 45°C and 1.07kGy/h with Vgas/Vpaste≈1) enable us to conclude that the addition of 1% of FeOOHam gives rise to about 26% of additional residual H2 after 1year. This result appears to validate the hypothesis of a partial mobilisation of the eaq- and O− radicals in a continuous process of Fe(III)↔Fe(II) oxidation–reduction, at the expense of their action within the Allen type reaction chain that is responsible for the recycling of H2. Despite the complexity of the porous material, the simulation of the experiment with the CHEMSIMUL application leads to a result that is quite close, and stresses the importance of the kinetic coupling between gas transport in the porous material and the reaction system.

Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma: Clinical Features, Treatment Modalities, and Prognosis

Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is an uncommon subtype of primary liver cancer that has rarely been reported in large-scale clinical studies. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical features, treatment modalities, and prognosis of cHCC-CC. Included in this study were 113 patients who were histologically diagnosed as having Allen type C cHCC-CC, 103 of whom received liver resection, 6 transarterial chemoembolization treatment, 3 radiofrequency ablation, and 1 palliative supportive treatment. Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of 103 cHCC-CC patients after liver resection were compared with those of 6,679 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 386 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) who underwent liver resection during the same period. The proportion of cHCC-CC in primary liver cancers was 1.5 %. The 103 cases of cHCC-CC were characterized by male predominance, infection with hepatitis virus or presence of liver cirrhosis, and elevated alfa-fetoprotein-findings similar to HCC. However, serum CA19-9 elevation, incomplete capsules, and lymph node involvement were similar to ICC. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates after liver resection were 73.9, 41.4, and 36.4 %, respectively, for patients with cHCC-CC versus 77.5, 53.3, and 41.4 % for HCC patients, and 58.0, 29.1, and 22.3 % for ICC patients (χ(2) = 137.5, P < 0.001). Tumor, node, metastasis system stage (hazard ratio 1.27, 95 % confidence interval 1.08-1.49, P = 0.003) and radical liver resection (hazard ratio 0.31, 95 % confidence interval 0.14-0.68, P = 0.004) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. cHCC-CC has biological behavior and prognosis that are intermediate between HCC and ICC. Radical liver resection can provide a better outcome for this uncommon malignancy.

MESSENGER Observations of Transient Bursts of Energetic Electrons in Mercury’s Magnetosphere

The MESSENGER spacecraft began detecting energetic electrons with energies greater than 30 kilo-electron volts (keV) shortly after its insertion into orbit about Mercury. In contrast, no energetic protons were observed. The energetic electrons arrive as bursts lasting from seconds to hours and are most intense close to the planet, distributed in latitude from the equator to the north pole, and present at most local times. Energies can exceed 200 keV but often exhibit cutoffs near 100 keV. Angular distributions of the electrons about the magnetic field suggest that they do not execute complete drift paths around the planet. This set of characteristics demonstrates that Mercury's weak magnetic field does not support Van Allen-type radiation belts, unlike all other planets in the solar system with internal magnetic fields.

Les lambeaux d’avancement en ilot pulpaire homodactyle des doigts longs. À propos de 32 cas

Aim Evaluation of reconstruction results using a homodigital neurovascular island flap so as to recover long fingers loss fingertip. Patients and methods This was a retrospective study of 32 fingertip-flaps of long fingers practiced on 31 patients. They were young people (mean age: 28 years), often male (77.5%), and manual workers in 55%. The loss fingertip was traumatic in 87%. The fingertip reconstruction has been urgently assured, except in three initially-treated whitlow cases. Results Four criteria value were used to value the results of coverage: Aesthetic, sensitive, functional, and socio-professional. We obtained good results in 72%. Conclusion The homodigital neurovascular island flap is a simple and reproducible technique. It's an excellent method for fingertip reconstruction in Allen type II and III. Despite of some complications, in touch with the initial trauma, this surgery gives back a useful sensitivity and a good aesthetic aspect of the fingertip.

Remarkable Synthesis and Structure of Allene Type Zerumbone.

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Remarkable synthesis and structure of allene type zerumbone

The ring expansion of zerumbone to a 12-membered ring was studied via a ring opening system or a ring closure system of zerumbone. We succeeded in the synthesis of a zerumbone derivative with 12-membered ring, an allene type zerumbone. For the first time, a Doering–LaFlamme allene synthesis method was adopted and the structure was confirmed by monocrystal X-ray diffraction. It was obtained in total 27.7% yield from zerumbone. We believe that this compound is not only an important building block in synthesizing the BC ring of paclitaxel, but also plays an important role in a novel structure formation and a reactive discovery.

Clinical and Pathological Features of Allen's Type C Classification of Resected Combined Hepatocellular and Cholangiocarcinoma: A Comparative Study with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocellular Carcinoma

The clinical features of Allen's type C of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) are not well known. In this study, we aim to define the clinicopathologic features of cHCC-CC and to evaluate the preoperative diagnosis and surgical treatment results in comparison with those of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC). We retrospectively analyzed 13 patients with cHCC-CC, 509 patients with HCC, and 41 patients with CCC treated in our hospital within past two decades. Viral hepatitis B or C backgrounds were more prominent in HCC and cHCC-CC groups than in the CCC group. Elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were found in 60.3% of HCC patients and in 46.2% of cHCC-CC patients. Only one patient of cHCC-CC was correctly diagnosed before surgery. The postoperative survival rates between the cHCC-CC and HCC or the CCC group were not significantly different. Both intrahepatic and extrahepatic postoperative recurrences were frequent in cHCC-CC patients, and CCC component recurrences were more frequently seen. In conclusion, the preoperative diagnosis is difficult; liver masses similar to those of HCC, together with moderately elevated serum AFP and CA19-9 levels, are reliable indicators of cHCC-CC. Surgical resection of this tumor yields results intermediate between those of HCC and CCC in character. More cases are needed to further define the characteristics of this tumor.

A clinical study of 11 cases of combined hepatocellular–cholangiocarcinomaAssessment of enhancement patterns on dynamics computed tomography before resection

: The aim of this study was to identify computed tomography features that contribute to clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. : We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic features of 11 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma between January 1994 and December 2003 at Hiroshima City Hospital and investigated correlation of histopathologic features of surgical specimens with preoperative enhanced computed tomography findings. : Three computed tomography enhancement patterns were observed: an area of hyperenhancement in the early phase and hypoenhancement due to washout of contrast medium in the late phase, resembling hepatocellular carcinoma (Type I, n=4); peripheral enhancement in the early and late phases (Type II, n=2); an area of hyperenhancement in the early phase and an area of slight delayed enhancement in the late phase (Type III, n=4). Histopathologically, all tumors were of mixed morphology (Allen's Type C) comprising hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma components with transitional features. Computed tomography findings conformed well to pathologic findings. The hepatocellular carcinoma component was predominant in Type I masses. Type II masses showed central necrosis. In Type III masses, the hepatocellular carcinoma-predominant component corresponded to the area of early-phase enhancement and the cholangiocarcinoma-predominant component to the area of late-phase enhancement. : In Type III tumors, hepatocellular and cholangiocellular components can be identified on the basis of dynamic computed tomography enhancement pattern.

Restoration of Function and Sensitivity Utilizing a homodigital Neurovascular Island Flap after Amputation Injuries of the Fingertip

Sixty-three fingertip amputations in 50 patients were reconstructed using a homodigital neurovascular island flap technique based on a single neurovascular pedicle without further shortening of the distal phalanx. The procedure was carried out under regional anaesthesia, using a tourniquet and magnifying loupes. All of the flaps survived and achieved normal or adequate two-point discrimination without any painful scar or cold hypersensitivity. Fifteen patients had some loss of distal interphalangeal joint extension. The technique is simple and presents an excellent method for fingertip reconstruction in Allen type II, III and IV injuries.

A Bicyclic P–P‐Bridged 1,3,2,4‐Diphosphadiboretane Cation and an Imino(phosphinidene)borane–AlBr3 Adduct

AbstractDepending on reaction conditions the 1,3,2,4‐diphosphadiboretane 1 reacts with AlBr3 to give the unstable adduct tmp=B=P(tBu)AlBr3, 3, and/or the somewhat more stable salt [(tmpB)2(PtBu)P]+[AlBr4], 2. The X‐ray structure determination of 3 shows an almost linear NBP array with BN and BP double bonds resembling an allene type structure. NBO analysis shows the presence of BN‐ and BP‐π‐bonds. On the other hand, the cation of compound 2 has a bicyclic structure with a long P–P bond [2.349(2) Å]. The B–P bonds to the phosphonium type P2 atom [av. 1.939(5) Å] are longer than those to the tri‐coordinated P1 atom [1.889(6) Å]. NBO analysis of the model compound (H2NB)2(PMe)P+, 9, show that the P–P bond in 2 is formed from p‐orbitals.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)

Adducts of the Heavier Group 13 Element Halides with Aminoiminoboranes

2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidino-tert-butylimino borane, 1a, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidino-2,6- diisopropylphenylimino borane (1b), react with the trichlorides of Al, Ga and In or with AlBr3 to 1:1 to give the addition products tmp=B=N(ECl3)tBu (E = Ga (2a), In (2b) and tmp = B = N(EHal3)(C6H3,2,6-iPr2), (E = Al, Hal = Cl, (2c), E = Al, Hal = Br (2d)). E = Ga, Hal = Cl (2e). All these compounds have an allene type structure with short BN bonds as shown by the determination of the crystal structures of 2a, b. NMR data are in accord with this structure. No isomerization to tmp-BHal-NR-EHal2 has been observed at temperatures up to their melting points

Dichromastibacumulenium-Ionen [η 6-aren(CO) 2CrSbCr(CO) 2aren-η 6] +: Stabilität in Abhängigkeit von η 6-gebundenen Arenliganden am Chromatom

Abstraction of chloride by Lewis-acid reagents from the stibinidene complexes [{n 6-arene(CO) 2Cr} 2SbCl] (arene = Me 6C 6: 1a; 1,3,5-Me 3C 6H 3: 2a; C 6H 6: 3a) produced 4– 6, the allene type dichromastibacumulenium ions [arene(CO) 2CrSbCr(CO) 2arene] +, which were detected spectroscopically in solution. Their stability increases with an increasing number of methyl substituents at the arene ligand: salts with cation 6 (arene = C 6H 6) could not be isolated as such, while salts with 5 (arene = mes) or 4 (arene = hmb) could. However, 6 can be trapped with chelate bases L 2 (L 2 = 2,2′-bipyridine = bpy, 1,10-phenanthroline) yielding [{C 6H 6(CO) 2Cr} 2CrSb(L 2)Y ( 7– 9), while 5 and bpy gave unclear results and 4 is effectively inert towards bpy (IR, variable temperature UV/vis spectroscopy). 4– 6, in reverse of their formation, react instantaneously with anionic nucleophiles X − to give stibinidene complexes [{arene(CO) 2Cr} 2SbX] identified spectroscopically in solution. Investigation of the crystal structure of [{C 6H 6(CO) 2Cr} 2Sb(bpy)]PF 6 · 1 2 bpy, 7b · 1 2 bpy, indicated relatively long SbN bonds suggesting that the base is only weakly bound to the Sb + centre. These findings are in line with firstly the ease of decomposition of 7b in solution, spectroscopy suggesting that [{C 6H 6(CO) 2Cr} 2SbF] is formed, and secondly the ready displacement by anionic nucleophiles X − of the chelate base, where stibinidene complexes, 3, are formed. 7, 8 are easily accessible by means of a salt metathesis from [{C 6H 6(CO) 2Cr} 2SbX′] (X′  Cl, Br) and NaBPh 4 or KPF 6 in the presence of L 2. In this manner 4, 5 · BPh 4 were synthesized as well and isolated as analytically pure microcrystalline salts. The enhanced stability of 4 and 5 compared with 6 becomes apparent in their formation from 1a and 2a, respectively, and SbCl 3- 1a yields 4 · “[Sb 2Cl 7]” in an equilibrium reaction with two equivalents of SbCl 3 (upon cooling the equilibrium is slightly shifted back towards the educts); generating 5 from 2a requires 100–150 equivalents of SbCl 3, and 3a does not react with SbCl 3 under formation of 6. Thus, for cations [L n M SbML n ] + the following order of stability can be set up: L n M  Me 6C 6(CO) 2Cr > 1,3,5-Me 3C 6H 3(CO) 2Cr >. C 6H 6(CO) 2Cr ≈ Cp★(CO) 2Mn > Cp′(CO) 2Mn, while the stability of the stibinidene complexes [{L n M} 2SbX] increases from left to right. Steric factors are at least contributory to the low reactivity of [Me 6C 6(CO) 2CrSbCr(CO) 2C 6Me 6] + Complex fragments {η 6-arene(CO) 2Cr} proved to the suitable for the stabilization of strongly π-acidic, low coordinated ligands and may in special cases be markedly superior even to {Cp★(CO) 2Mn}.

Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 192. Reaktionen von Quecksilberdihalogeniden und Quecksilberdicyanid mit einem Aminoiminoboran

Contributions of the Chemistry of Boron, 192. ‐ Reactions of Mercury Dihalides and Mercury Dicyanide with an AminoiminoboraneThe aminoiminoborane 1 reacts with HgCl2 and Hg(CN)2 with insertion into the HgCl and HgC bond, respectively. Mercury amides of type 2 are obtained. In contrast, HgBr2 and HgI2 yield 1:1 adducts of the allene type 3. The new compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy.

Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 184 Pentacarbonylmetall‐Komplexe des (tert‐Butylimino)‐ (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino)borans

(tert‐Butylimino)(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino)borane (1) reacts with Cr(CO)6 under photolytic conditions producing pentacarbonylmetal complexes 2. The M(CO)5 fragment coordinates to the tert‐butylimino group. The X‐ray structure analysis of 2a shows an allene type structure with two distinctly different BN bonds (1.29, 1.36 Å) and a long CrN bond (2.22 Å).

THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF BEM AND ALLEN'S MEASURE OF CROSS-SITUATIONAL CONSISTENCY

The reliability and validity of Bem and Allen's technique of measuring cross-situational consistency was investigated. Subjects answered questions concerning consistency in academic behavior and general consistency and filled out Snyder's Self-monitoring Scale twice. Whereas the test-retest reliability of the Bem and Allen type questions was quite low, the reliability of the Self-monitoring Scale was relatively high. The correlation between self-reports of variability in academic behaviour and actual variability in grades was significant, while the correlation between self-reports of general consistency and sell-monitoring scores was not. The problem of using a single-item technique to measure consistency was discussed.