All-optical Logic Research Articles

Modeling of Polarization-Conversion and Rotation-Based Ultrafast All-Optical Ternary Logic Switch Using Microring Resonator

Modeling of Polarization-Conversion and Rotation-Based Ultrafast All-Optical Ternary Logic Switch Using Microring Resonator

All-optical controlled-NOT logic gate achieving directional asymmetric transmission based on metasurface doublet

Optical logic gates play important roles in all-optical logic circuits, which lie at the heart of the next-generation optical computing technology. However, the intrinsic contradiction between compactness and robustness hinders the development in this field. Here, we propose a simple design principle that can possess multiple-input-output states according to the incident circular polarization and direction based on the metasurface doublet, which enables controlled-NOT logic gates in infrared region. Therefore, the directional asymmetric electromagnetic transmission can be achieved. As a proof of concept, a spin-dependent Janus metasurface is designed and experimentally verified that four distinct images corresponding to four input states can be captured in the far-field. In addition, since the design method is derived from geometric optics, it can be easily applied to other spectra. We believe that the proposed metasurface doublet may empower many potential applications in chiral imaging, chiroptical spectroscopy and optical computing.

All-optical logic gate based on nonlinear effects of two-dimensional photonic crystals

All-optical logic gate based on nonlinear effects of two-dimensional photonic crystals

Dual-wavelength enhanced upconversion luminescence properties of Li+-doped NaYF4:Er,Yb glass-ceramic for all-optical logic operations.

Rare earth-doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramic (GC) demonstrate the physical, chemical, and mechanical stabilities of oxide glass and excellent optical properties of fluoride crystals and is regarded as a potential material for developing advanced optical devices. In the present study, Li+-doped NaYF4:Er,Yb GC was prepared by the traditional melt-quenching method. Upon the excitation of single 980 and 1550 nm lasers, the upconversion (UC) luminescence intensities of green and red emission were enhanced due to the introduction of the crystal field symmetry reducing available Li+ ions of the use of dual-wavelength (980 and 1550 nm) co-excitation and could further enhance the UC luminescence intensity owing to its synergetic effect, which is suitable for the design of all-optical logic gates. The all-optical UC logic gates and complex logic operations ("YES + OR", "INH + YES", "XOR + YES", and "INH + AND + YES + OR") are designed by taking the two excitation sources as input signals and UC emission as output signals. The results provide a novel strategy to enhance UC luminescence and further information for the design of novel photonic logic devices for future optical computing technologies.

Strong non-linear optical response of Sb2Se3 nanorods in a liquid suspension based on spatial self-phase modulation and their all-optical photonic device applications.

The field of nonlinear optics is constantly expanding and gaining new impetus through the discovery of fresh nonlinear materials. Herein, for the first time, we have performed spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) experiments with an emerging anisotropic Sb2Se3 layered material in a liquid suspension for an all-optical diode and all-optical switching application. The third-order broadband nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)single layer ∼ 10-9 esu) and nonlinear refractive index (n2 ∼ 10-6 cm2 W-1) of Sb2Se3 have been determined using a 671 nm laser beam. This result could be unambiguously explained by the anisotropic hole mobility of Sb2Se3. The linear relationship of χ(3) and carrier mobility emphasizes the establishment of nonlocal hole coherence, the origin of the diffraction pattern. Consequently, the time evolution of diffraction rings follows the 'Wind-Chime' model. A novel photonic diode based on Sb2Se3/SnS2 has been demonstrated using the nonreciprocal propagation of light. The self-phase modulation (SPM) technique uses laser lights of different wavelengths and intensities to demonstrate the all-optical logic gates, particularly OR logic gates. The exploration of nonlinear optical phenomena in Sb2Se3 opens up a new realm for optical information processing and communication. We strongly believe that this result will help to underpin the area of optical nonlinearities among its various applications.

Design of all-optical logic gate based on two-dimensional photonic crystal

Design of all-optical logic gate based on two-dimensional photonic crystal

Parallel all-optical logic operations based on metasurface polarization optics

Parallel all-optical logic operations based on metasurface polarization optics

All-optical XOR and NXOR logic gate implementation method based on dual-parallel phase modulators

We proposed a new and simple scheme to implement exclusive OR (XOR) and not exclusive OR (NXOR) logic operations in the optical domain enabled by a dual-parallel phase modulator (PM). Both the intensity and phase of the optical signal are utilized to represent the four different states of two binary inputs, and direct detection is used to map the four states to the corresponding binary output. Through numerical analysis, two PMs with phase offsets were adjusted to π / 2, and the phase shifter between the two PMs was controlled atπ / 2; thus, the NXOR logic gate was successfully carried out. Two PMs with phase offsets were adjusted to π / 2, and the phase shifter between the two PMs was controlled atπ; thus, the XOR logic gate was successfully carried out. Simulations were successfully carried out at the speed of 10 Gb/s.

Cascading of all-optical logic gates based on semiconductor laser phase-locking

Optical information processing is an essential part of contemporary photonics, and it remains a challenge for researchers around the world. The presented work investigates numerically a maximum number of all-optical logic gates in a cascade. The functionality of the all-optical logic gate is based on the injection locking technique with semiconductor lasers. The possibility of cascading a sequence of AND and OR gates, providing a high-quality final signal, is demonstrated for a planar vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser using the traditional Lang–Kobayashi model. It is shown that the maximum number of cascaded gates is limited to three for repetition rates less than 1 Gbit/s.

All-optical programmable array logic unit using semiconductor optical amplifier-based polarization switch

The demand for optical communication technology increases rapidly, and the frequency encoded data-based communication establishes an important place in optical communication technology because of the constancy and transparency of the frequency encoded data throughout the communication network. In this article, the authors have proposed a new method of developing an all-optical programmable array logic unit deploying semiconductor optical amplifier-based polarization switches with an attractive frequency-based data encoding technique. The authors have first developed some fundamental all-optical logic gates exploiting the polarization-based switching action of semiconductor optical amplifiers, and successively developed a method to design a programmable array logic unit using the fundamental logic arrays. This unit can be deployed to execute 16 different types of logic operations only by changing the frequency of the control signals. The simulation-aided result increases the practicability of the proposed circuit design.

Chirality logic gates.

The ever-growing demand for faster and more efficient data transfer and processing has brought optical computation strategies to the forefront of research in next-generation computing. Here, we report a universal computing approach with the chirality degree of freedom. By exploiting the crystal symmetry-enabled well-known chiral selection rules, we demonstrate the viability of the concept in bulk silica crystals and atomically thin semiconductors and create ultrafast (<100-fs) all-optical chirality logic gates (XNOR, NOR, AND, XOR, OR, and NAND) and a half adder. We also validate the unique advantages of chirality gates by realizing multiple gates with simultaneous operation in a single device and electrical control. Our first demonstrations of logic gates using chiral selection rules suggest that optical chirality could provide a powerful degree of freedom for future optical computing.

Multiple inputs all-optical logic gates based on nanoring insulator-metal-insulator plasmonic waveguides

In this paper, we report new nanoscale plasmonic multiple inputs logic gates based on insulator-metal-insulator (IMI) nanoring waveguides. The proposed all-optical gates are numerically analyzed by the finite element method. NOT, AND, NAND, NOR, and EX-NOR all-optical logic gates were suitably designed and investigated based on the linear interface between the propagated waves through the waveguides. The operation wavelength was 1550 nm. The simulation results show that the optical transmission threshold of (0.26) which performs the operation of planned logic gates is accomplished. Moreover, simulation results show that our compact structure of all-optical logic gates may have potential applications in all-optical integrated networks.

Improving the performance of all-optical logic gates based on metal-insulator-metal heterogeneous plasmonic waveguide by Kerr nonlinearity effect

In this paper, the nonlinear effect of Kerr on increasing the efficiency of multi-channel all-optical metal-insulator-metal logic gates with heterogeneous metals is investigated. In this study, linear interference between surface plasmonic polariton modes has been employed. The performance of OR, AND, XOR and NOR gates is numerically analyzed by the finite element method. A structure with fixed physical dimensions can manage several basic logic functions. By applying optical signals to various input ports in the proposed structure, we can implement OR, AND, and XOR logic functions. The NOR logic gate can be established by the addition of a control optical signal. It has been shown that the nonlinear material of Kerr increases the difference of field intensity between logic levels of "0" and "1" that are 77 V/m for OR gate, 133 V/m for AND gate, 89 V/m for XOR gate, and 138 V/m for NOR gate. Also, simulation results show the minimum extinction ratio (ER) of 33.5, 36.4, 45.4, and 42.4 dB for OR, AND, XOR, and NOR logic gates, respectively. The proposed all-optical logic gate has a simple and compact arrangement and it can be applied to many nanophotonic components used in optical communication networks.

Revolution of optical computing logic gates based on its applications: an extensive survey

Nowadays, communication has grown into a key area with a rapidly growing user community. The existing broadband users are overcrowded, and its faster speed has now become an essential parameter to meet the consumer’s expectations in the growing technology. As a result of our growth in computer technologies, high-speed processors are necessary, which provide simultaneous data computing with lower costs and a performance of more than 10,000 times quicker than electrical computers. Optics has become a more feasible alternative to electronics because of its greater speed. In this study, various methods of photonic crystals (PhCs) have been thoroughly examined, with essential properties and their benefits explained over previously identified methods (semiconductor optical amplifier and nonlinear waveguides) utilized to construct all-optical logic circuits. Particularly, evaluated a number of articles that covered topics including self-collimation effects, PhC waveguide intersection, and multi-mode interference with nonlinear effects. The merits and demerits of each technology are analyzed. Finally, concluded the major difficulties and the potential usage of every method. PhCs are used in logic circuits and devices for high data transmission. The performances of different types of logic gates based on PhC are studied.

Intensity-dependent transition from saturation absorption to reverse saturable absorption ways in TiSxSe2-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)

• Different atom ratios of TiS 2-x Se x were regulated by sulfur doping. • A laser intensity-dependent transition from SA to RSA in TiS x Se 2-x nanosheets was observed. • With the increase of S 2− contents in TiS x Se 2-x , the SA effect became weaker while the RSA effect became stronger. The third-order nonlinear effects in the TiS x Se 2-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanosheets were investigated via the open-aperture (OA) Z-scan technique. An input fluence dependent transition from saturation absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA) ways in TiS x Se 2-x was discovered. Under lower laser intensities, only SA existed in the TiS x Se 2-x . Higher incident laser intensities caused the transition from SA to RSA, due to the competition between ground state absorption and excited state absorption. This unique intensity-dependent absorption transition can be applied in all-optical logic gates, fast optical switch, optical limiter, mode storage.

Simultaneous full set of three-input canonical logic units in a single nonlinear device for an all-optical programmable logic array

All-optical canonical logic units-based programmable logic array (CLUs-PLA) is an important combinational logic device owing to its flexibility and user-defined feature. However, the limited number of three-input CLUs generated in a single nonlinear device hinders their practical application. In this study, we overcome this limitation and experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous generation of a full set of three-input CLUs in only one nonlinear device. By performing bidirectional four-wave mixing (FWM) and wavelength spacing optimization, the all-optical three-input PLA with a full set of CLUs enables arbitrary functions. We experimentally demonstrate the implementation of a series of combinational logic functions including, user-defined logic functions, full adder, and full subtractor, exhibiting error-free performances for all logic operations at 40 Gb/s. The scheme can reduce the number of nonlinear devices in CLUs-PLA, which simplifies the computing system and reduces power consumption. Therefore, the scheme has great potential for future high-speed optical computing systems.

Computational investigation of all-optical NOR logic operation using carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifiers at 120 Gb/s

Computational investigation of all-optical NOR logic operation using carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifiers at 120 Gb/s

Design of an all-optical multi-logic operation-integrated metamaterial-based terahertz logic gate.

Terahertz logic gates play a vital role in optical signal processing and terahertz digitization. Herein, a strategy to design an all-optical terahertz logic gate device composed of metamaterials with a semiconductor-metal hybrid is proposed; accordingly, a concrete logic gate composed of Ge embedded-in Au stripe supported by a Si board is presented theoretically. Simulation results reveal the dependence of the terahertz transmission spectra on the different illuminations in the device. Based on the illumination-transmission response, the designed device can realize the NOR or OR Boolean operation. The effects of the width of the Ge-Au stripe as well as the Si board on the transmission spectra and logic performance were also investigated.

All-optical latches using carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifiers

Lightwave communication systems, optical random memories, and photonic encryption/decryption are important applications that rely on all-optical latches. For the first time, the carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifiers (CR-SOAs) are employed to simulate two basic optical latches, Set-Reset (SR) latch, and D Flip-Flop, at a data rate of 120 Gb/s. All-optical NAND and NOT logic operations are used to build these latches, which are implemented using Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with CR-SOAs. In the presence of the amplified spontaneous emission noise, the variation of the output quality factor (Q-factor) against the CR-SOA key operating parameters is studied. This is achieved by exploiting and numerically solving a set of coupled partial differential equations that describe the CR-SOAs gain and phase dynamics when operated as nonlinear elements and embedded in MZIs. The results demonstrate that CR-SOAs-based MZIs can achieve a high Q-factor while implementing the logical SR latch and D Flip-Flop at a high speed of 120 Gb/s.

2D- PhC based all optical AND, OR and EX-OR logic gates with high contrast ratio operating at C band

In this article, photonic crystal (PhC) based all-optical logic gates, namely AND, OR and EX-OR have been explored and their characteristics are reported. Two-dimensional (2D) PhC based logic gates are proposed using a hexagonal lattice with T-shaped structure by incorporating line defects. The total size of the device is 84 µm2 and it operates at a wavelength of 1550 nm (C band). The designed optical logic gates are investigated using 2D finite difference time domain simulators by means of the plane wave expansion method. Parameters, such as response time and contrast ratio of the designed all-optic logic gates, are analyzed. The proposed AND, OR and EX-OR logic gates offer a contrast ratio of 14.48 dB, 14.57 dB and 12.9 dB respectively with, in order, response times of 0.159 ps, 0.168 ps and 0.1672 ps. The designed logic gates work in the third optical window as they are operating at the 1550 nm wavelength. To specify the performance of the proposed logic gates, their field distribution has been determined and is exhibited. The designed logic gates are suitable for use in photonic integrated circuits, all optical computing and optical sensing applications.