Revolution of optical computing logic gates based on its applications: an extensive survey

Abstract

Nowadays, communication has grown into a key area with a rapidly growing user community. The existing broadband users are overcrowded, and its faster speed has now become an essential parameter to meet the consumer’s expectations in the growing technology. As a result of our growth in computer technologies, high-speed processors are necessary, which provide simultaneous data computing with lower costs and a performance of more than 10,000 times quicker than electrical computers. Optics has become a more feasible alternative to electronics because of its greater speed. In this study, various methods of photonic crystals (PhCs) have been thoroughly examined, with essential properties and their benefits explained over previously identified methods (semiconductor optical amplifier and nonlinear waveguides) utilized to construct all-optical logic circuits. Particularly, evaluated a number of articles that covered topics including self-collimation effects, PhC waveguide intersection, and multi-mode interference with nonlinear effects. The merits and demerits of each technology are analyzed. Finally, concluded the major difficulties and the potential usage of every method. PhCs are used in logic circuits and devices for high data transmission. The performances of different types of logic gates based on PhC are studied.