Dodecylbenzenesulfonate Research Articles

Hydrophobic and positively charged magnetic nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery from concentrated emulsion wastewaters

With the development of petroleum industry, a large amount of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion wastewaters were produced, resulting in serious environmental pollution and resource waste. Up till now, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were frequently reported in emulsion wastewater treatment and mainly focused on the water purification, but little effort was devoted to the facile recovery of oil resource. In the present work, a class of hydrophobic and positively charged MNPs, namely dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium chloride (DOTAC)-coated MNPs (M−DOTAC), was carefully synthesized by regulating DOTAC anchoring density on Fe3O4@SiO2, and then employed to treat the concentrated emulsion wastewaters stabilized by anionic sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) or nonionic Tween-80. M−DOTAC with relatively high DOTAC density (M−DOTAC 1.8) exhibited higher positive charge density and hydrophobicity, and hence could significantly promote the oil droplet coalescence and mergence via the electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic adsorption bridging as well as the hydrophilic-lipophilic transition of interfacial adsorption layer. Accordingly, with addition of moderate dosage of M−DOTAC 1.8, the emulsion was broken and divided into three layers: (1) a continuous oil layer was formed in the upper layer which could be directly recycled; (2) the middle layer was composed of MNPs-tagged oil droplets/flocs; (3) the bottom layer was the clearer water phase. The optimal recovery rate of oil resource reached ∼ 60 % in SDBS stabilized system, and further increased to ∼ 98 % in Tween-80 stabilized system. However, the oil recovery rate was declined at an excessive dosage of M−DOTAC 1.8 due the formation of double emulsion. Besides, M−DOTAC 1.8 exhibited good reusability. These results indicated the fabricated M−DOTAC had great application prospect in treating emulsion wastewaters containing high oil content.

Management of zooplanktonic predations for efficient and sustainable production of Arthrospira

Arthrospira, commonly known as Spirulina in the commercial sector, is the most produced algae globally. A significant challenge in Arthrospira mass cultivation is zooplankton contamination, which might result in an annual loss of up to 30 % in biomass productivity if the zooplanktonic predation is not managed. This study, based on comprehensive field tests conducted in 1000 m2 raceway ponds, demonstrates the feasibility of using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a pesticide for managing zooplanktonic predators in Arthrospira mass cultivation. Under compensatory SDBS application, planktonic predators such as rotifers and ciliates are completely eliminated. This involves an initial application of SDBS at 15 mg L−1 followed by an additional enhancement of 5 mg L−1 after 24 h. Early detection of the contamination and apply the SDBS pesticide as soon as possible by a compensatory manner is beneficial for a better management of the contaminations. The findings provide a novel approach for managing zooplanktonic predations and ensuring efficient and sustainable production of Arthrospira.

Selective hydrolysis of α-oxo ketene N,S-acetals in water: switchable aqueous synthesis of β-keto thioesters and β-keto amides.

An eco-friendly selective hydrolysis of chain α-oxo ketene N,S-acetals in water for the switchable synthesis of β-keto thioesters and β-keto amides is reported. In refluxing water, the hydrolysis reactions of α-oxo ketene N,S-acetals in the presence of 1.0 equiv of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid effectively afforded β-keto thioesters in excellent yield, while β-keto amides were successfully obtained in excellent yield when the hydrolysis reactions were carried out in the presence of 3.0 equiv of NaOH. The green approach to β-keto thioesters and β-keto amides avoids the use of harmful organic solvents, thiols and thiolacetates as well as amines, which could result in serious environmental and safety issues.

Sorption interactions and behavior of bentonite-lignite based composite toward immobilization of dyes, pharmaceuticals and surfactants

The presence of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and surfactants in the environment results from extensive industrial and societal progress, prompting the need to explore efficient and safe techniques for their removal. Common concentrations in wastewater can range from micrograms to milligrams per liter, which is concerning due to their persistence and potential health impacts. The sustainable approach of using a nonconventional, eco-friendly mineral-organic composite might address this environmental issue. This study focuses on utilizing a composite of bentonite (BEN) and lignite (LIG) as a sorbent for dyes: Rhodamine b (RB), Remazol brilliant blue r (RBBR), pharmaceuticals: ibuprofen (IB), sulfamethoxazole (STX), and surfactant: sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) from both synthetic solutions and real wastewater. BEN was chosen for its high cation exchange capacity, while LIG was selected for its ability to adsorb both anionic and cationic formsdiverse functional groups. The composite with BEN to LIG ratio of 20:80 (BL 20:80) demonstrated superior sorption capacity. The adsorption performance is quantified, showing removal efficiencies of up to 18.9 mg RBBR/g, 22.8 mg RB/g, 1.77 mg IB/g, 1.47 mg STX/g, and 4.7 mg SDBS/g. Sorption efficiency is influenced by factors such as the initial sorbate concentration, the pH of the solution, the form of sorbates, and the adsorbents textural, physicochemical (point of zero charge pHZPC), ion-exchange capacity, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity) properties. Generally, STX and RB is favored by slightly acidic conditions (pH 4–7), while RBBR and IB are favored by alkaline conditions (pH > 7). The complex physical sorption mechanism includes hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and dispersion forces, as well as π-π interactions. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) suggests that a significant portion of the hydrogen bonding interactions contributes to RB adsorption. The sorption results indicate that the specially-designed mineral composite can effectively remove various chemically distinct organic compounds from real wastewater. Subsequent investigations will focus on the granulated BL 20:80 composite and its applicability in dynamic column systems. This aligns with the ongoing development of purification technologies.

Molecular Dynamics Calculation of Interfacial Tension in a Two-Phase Liquid Hydrocarbon–Water–Surfactant System: From Rarefied to Superdense Surfactant Monolayer

A method is proposed for calculating low interfacial tension (IFT) based on molecular dynamics simulation of systems with superdense packing of surfactant molecules at the water–liquid hydrocarbon interface. The interfacial tension was calculated by the molecular dynamics method using the all-atom and coarse-grained models in water–alkane (decane, dodecane) two-phase systems in the presence of various individual surfactants. The following ionic and nonionic surfactants were considered: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), sodium decet-6 sulfate C10E6SO4Na, hexaethylene glycol monodecyl ether (C10E6), triethylene glycol monononadecyl ether (C19E3), and octapropoxypentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12P8E5). It was shown that the interfacial tension decreases to zero when surfactant adsorption increases to the limiting values.

Sodium salt of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid as an effective corrosion inhibition for different heat-treated steel in sulphuric acid medium

Abstract The purpose of this work is to use electrochemical and gravimetric techniques to investigate the inhibition of DBSS on the corrosion of heat-treated dual-phase AISI 1040 steel in a 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution at 35 °C. The corrosion studies are performed by potentiodynamic polarization study (PDP), electrochemical impedance study (EIS), and gravimetric method. To confirm the inhibition surface characterization like x-ray diffraction technique (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and EDS analysis are performed. Depending on the phase change of metals due to heat treatment, the corrosion inhibition of the heat-treated metal increased when it was exposed to 0.5 M H2SO4 at 35 °C in the presence of dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid sodium salt (DBSS) inhibitor. The highest inhibition efficiency of 63%, 82%, 87%, 43%, and 63% was obtained for AISI 1040 steel at heat treatment conditions of Normalized, Quenched at 700 °C, Quenched at 750 °C, Quenched at 790 °C and Quenched at 900 °C respectively. In the gravimetric and electrochemical study, the IE increases with the increase with the concentration of DBSS unto 75% from gravimetric analysis and 87% from PDP analysis for Quenched at 750 °C and 790 °C respectively. The metal protection is achieved by heat treatment process as well as by using DBSS as inhibitor. Corrosion inhibition on the metal’s surface was confirmed by SEM and XRD. In addition, the adsorption of DBSS on the anodic and cathodic sites of the metal surface was well explained.

A Study on the efficiency of organic activator application to process refractory hard-to-beneficiate raw materials

Polymetallic ores with complex mineralogical compositions pose significant challenges in flotation beneficiation, often resulting in suboptimal separation and recovery of valuable minerals. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (ABSA) as a frothing activator in improving the flotation performance and mineral recovery of polymetallic ore. It presents the results of flotation beneficiation experiments for polymetallic ore of complex mineralogical composition. Experiments were conducted on polymetallic ore samples using ABSA as the frothing activator in the flotation process. The performance was evaluated based on recovery rates and separation efficiency, comparing the results with standard floating frothing agents. The findings showed the highest efficiency of ABSA application for samples of mixed-type ores in increasing the recovery of gold, copper, zinc and lead in the collective concentrates of flotation beneficiation. ABSA activator promotes additional cleaning of fragments containing valuable metals from oxide films and coatings and the transfer of valuable metals' microparticles due to the organics' adsorption properties and the formation of metal-carbon bonds. Another effect of using this reagent is there was an increase in concentrate mass yield while maintaining the quality parameters. A similar effect was observed for beneficiation of copper ore with complex composition - copper recovery in the main concentrate increased. Selective flotation with the development of gold concentrate from hard-to-beneficiate polymetallic ore also showed a significant increase in gold recovery with ABSA pretreatment.

Performance and mechanism of carbon sequestration of air-entraining wet shotcrete

CO2 curing concrete technology refers to the CO2 reacts with cement clinker minerals to obtain high-performance concrete and achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction. The researches of air entrainment agent (AEA) focus on the development of new AEA and the study of concrete performance after adding some AEA. In the background of CO2 curing concrete technology, there are relatively few researches on the influence mechanism of different characteristics of bubbles introduced by different AEAs on carbon fixation performance of concrete. This paper demonstrates the characteristics of air bubbles introduced by SY-5 AEA (main component: triterpene saponin) and LAS AEA (main component: sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate), compares the strength of concrete mixed with above two types of AEAs cured for 28 days and analyzed them by carbonization depth test, ultrasonic detection of fissure test, SEM, XRD and TG. Results show that different AEAs introduced different characteristics of air bubbles, which affected the internal pore characteristics of concrete, and then affected its mechanical properties and carbon sequestration properties. Compared with SY-5 AEA, LAS AEA had a slightly lower air-entraining effect. But the bubbles introduced were even and stable, the internal pores of the hardened concrete were uniform. Although the former had a high carbon sequestration, the latter had a higher intensity at 28 d, about 2.69 % higher. Under carbonization curing conditions, the improvement of concrete properties was more evident when appropriate AEAs were incorporated. The compressive strength and the splitting strength were increased by 5.57 % and 4.5 % respectively under the carbonization curing condition.

Experimental and theoretical computational study of corrosion inhibitors in the cobalt bulk chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process

Cobalt is a potential substitute for copper as local interconnects in sub-10 nm interconnects, the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of which is quite challenging due to the high chemical reactivity of Co. By using a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations, the optimum corrosion inhibitor of Co is identified and the corrosion inhibition mechanism of TTLYK on Co is further investigated. It investigates the effects of various corrosion inhibitors, including potassium oleate, dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, octyl hydroxamic acid, and 2,2′-[[(methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1yl) methyl] imino] bis-ethanol (TTLYK) on Co through chemical mechanical polishing and static etching experiments. The results show that among various corrosion inhibitors, TTLYK presents the best corrosion inhibition effect. When the basic slurry contains 10 mM TTLYK, the corrosion inhibition efficiency could reach 96.23 %, the material removal rates of Co is 161.79 nm/min, the static etching rates is 0.85 nm/min, and the material removal selectivity ratio of Co and Ti is 39:1. The results fully meet the requirements of the Co bulk CMP process. It is revealed TTLYK could form a protective layer with a synergistic physical and chemical adsorption on Co, in which the chemical adsorption occurs through the formation of CoN bonds. The adsorption of TTLYK could decelerate the transformation of CoO and Co(OH)2 to Co3O4, and the as formed Co-TTLYK complex provides the main corrosion inhibition.

CHARACTERIZATION OF COATINGS PREPARED FROM PREVULCANIZED NR/POLYANILINE LATEX

ABSTRACT Latex consisting of a NR/polyaniline (NR/PAni) blend is used in the preparation of thin elastic films. In this study, NR/PAni latex blends with different amounts of doped PAni and surfactants (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate [SDBS] and sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]) were prepared through prevulcanization. The films were prepared from prevulcanized latexes by casting in a petri dish or with the spin coating method. The conditions suitable for prevulcanization were investigated. The effect of doped PAni amounts and the surfactants SDBS and SDS on the mechanical, electrical conductivity, and physico-chemical surface properties and morphologies of NR/PAni films were characterized. The results indicated that PAni doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) was well dispersed in NR latex in the presence of 0.01 mol/w% of SDBS. The highest amount of doped PAni that was dispersed was 17 w/w%. The properties of the blend of NR and DBSA-doped PAni were superior to those of the other blends. The compatibility between SDBS and DBSA was the dominant factor in improving the properties of the film prepared from the prevulcanized NR/PAni latex blend.

Qualifying interfacial properties of crude oil−water system with the synergistic action of a nano Gemini ionic liquid and conventional surfactants

Surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) have gained much attention due to their green, stable, and efficient properties. The high costs associated with SAILs have raised concerns in their applications; however, blending with conventional surfactants like sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) can bring about desired outcomes. Gemini surface-active ionic liquids (GSAILs) have been recognized as more efficient surfactants. Accordingly, this study investigates the influence of a mixture of an imidazolium-based GSAIL, [C4im-C6-imC4][Br2], and SDBS on different aspects of crude oil−water interfacial properties. The findings show remarkable synergy in interfacial tension (IFT) reduction up to 98.8% together with incredibly low IFT value of 0.05 mN m−1. This was with an optimal GSAIL mole fraction of 0.2 in the mixture. Further, the surfactant mixture gives synergies of 52.6% in emulsification and 51.8% in wettability of a quartz surface. These amazing results can be explained by the dominant interactions between the oppositely charged components. In theoretical study, the adsorption of individual surfactants and their mixtures was analyzed based on the Frumkin isotherm and the Rosen model, respectively, further supporting the findings.

Interaction of Pb(II) with microplastic-sediment complexes: Critical effect of surfactant

In this study, the impact of surfactants on the adsorption behavior of Pb(II) onto microplastics-sediment (MPs-S) complexes was investigated. Firstly, virgin polyamide (VPA) and polyethylene (VPE) were placed in Xiangjiang River sediment for six months to conduct in-situ aging. The results indicated that the biofilm-developed polyamide (BPA) and polyethylene (BPE) formed new oxygen-containing functional groups and different biofilm species. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) in sediment (S) and MPs-S complexes was in the following order: S > BPA-S > VPE-S > VPA-S > BPE-S. The addition of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) promoted the adsorption of Pb(II), and the adsorption amount of Pb(II) increased with the higher concentration of SDBS, while adding cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) showed the opposite result. The adsorption process of MPs-S complexes to Pb(II) was dominated by chemical adsorption, and the interaction between MPs-S complexes and Pb(II) was multilayer adsorption involving physical and chemical adsorption when the surfactants were added. Besides, the pH exerts a significant effect on Pb(II) adsorption in different MPs-S complexes, and the highest adsorption amount occurred at pH 6. Noteworthy, CTAB promoted the adsorption ability of Pb(II) when the exogenous FA was added. The binding characteristic of sediment endogenous DOM components and Pb(II) was influenced by the addition of MPs and surfactants. Finally, it confirmed that adsorption mechanisms mainly involve electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction. This study provides a new perspective to explore the environmental behaviors of Pb(II) by MPs and sediments with the addition of surfactants, which was conducive to evaluating the ecological risks of MPs and heavy metals in aquatic environments.

Effect of Surfactants on Eliminating Stable Ultrafine Chalcopyrite Froth.

Chalcopyrite is a primary source of copper in nature. However, with the increasing need to process low-grade and complex chalcopyrite ores, overly stable froth is becoming more and more common and poses operational and safety challenges. No reliable strategy has been developed to address the issue. As a new initiative, this study investigated three different structured surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which vary in hydrophobic group, aiming to modify the surfaces of ultrafine chalcopyrite particles and adjust the interfacial tension at the gas-liquid interface to eliminate stable ultrafine chalcopyrite froth. The fundamental hypothesis was that an ideal surfactant structure could adjust the particle surface wettability and interfacial tension to eliminate overly stable froth. Based on contact angle measurements and interfacial tension measurements using a Theta Flow tensiometer by the pendant drop method and the sessile drop method, it was demonstrated that the contact angle played a dominant role in defoaming, while the reduction of gas-liquid interfacial tension had an adverse effect. Additionally, defoaming tests indicated that SDBS had lower defoaming effectiveness than SDS at low surfactant concentrations due to the steric hindrance in its structure, whereas the addition of SDBS could achieve a froth reduction efficiency as high as 93.75% at higher surfactant concentrations due to its stronger hydrophobicity and adsorption capacity to chalcopyrite particles, which could reduce the contact angle from 70 to 37.62°. However, PFOA exhibited lower defoaming effectiveness than both SDS and SDBS due to its lipophobic fluorocarbon tail of PFOA and weaker adsorption capacity to chalcopyrite particles, making it unsuitable for eliminating stable ultrafine chalcopyrite froth.

Degradation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in aqueous solution by electron beam radiation and changes in surfactant micelle property

In this study, we investigated the degradation of surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) in aqueous solution using electron beam radiation. The removal efficiency of SDBS approached nearly 100%, achieving a COD removal rate of 7–20% with an absorbed dose of 5.0 kGy. Upon irradiation, several notable changes in SDBS micelles were observed. The absolute value of zeta potential and the average diameter size decreased. SEM observations revealed that the clustered aggregates of SDBS micelles fragmented into irregular filamentous pieces. Moreover, the interfacial tension increased remarkably and approached the level of pure water at 2.5 kGy for SDBS in a pure water solution and 5.0 kGy for SDBS in a brine water solution. The foaming power disappeared for SDBS in pure water and decreased to 20 mm for SDBS in brine water at 10 kGy. The defoaming rate of SDBS solution increased incrementally from an initial range of 1–2 mm/min to 3.0–5.6 mm/min at 5.0 kGy. In summary, when SDBS is decomposed, new system is created with new properties. Electron beam radiation offers a clean and sustainable approach to degrade SDBS in wastewater.

Effects of surfactants on the wettability of sodium propionate aqueous deacidification agent

Abstract To address the challenges of difficulty and low penetration speed of aqueous deacidification agents in paper, we aimed to enhance the wetting performance of these agents by incorporating a surfactant. We selected four surfactants for our study: anionic sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), nonionic polysorbate-80 (TW80), and polyether-modified trisiloxane (TRSE). The wetting properties of these surfactants on sodium propionate aqueous deacidification agent, the alkali stability of the solution, and the effects of moist heat aging on paper durability were explored. The results demonstrated that TRSE exhibited superior performance compared to the other three surfactants, effectively reducing the surface tension of sodium propionate solution to 21.02 mN/m. In alkaline conditions with a pH range of 8.00–10.00, the surface tension of SDBS, CTAB, and TW80 solutions remained stable for 30 days. Similarly, under weakly alkaline conditions with a pH value below 9, the surface tension of TRSE solutions exhibited stability. It should be noted that SDBS accelerated the decline of paper tensile index and whiteness during the heat and humidity aging process; at the same time, CTAB, TW80, and TRSE had no noticeable adverse effects on paper aging resistance.

Analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand in Barrel Finishing Based on Reusing Water Resource of Grinding Fluid.

To explore the sustainable development of grinding fluid in barrel finishing, the idea of water resource reuse in grinding fluid has been proposed. The influence of the graphene oxide (GO) and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as main components in the grinding fluid on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was analyzed. Repreparing new grinding fluids by utilizing the water resources in grinding fluid after finishing will not cause a sharp increase in COD value. GO which absorbs SDBS can be taken away from grinding fluid by physical separation. It will decrease the COD value of grinding fluid. However, SDBS exists in the form of colloids in the grinding fluid and cannot be removed through physical separation, which also affects the COD value. Based on water quality indicators (the COD, pH, total hardness, metal aluminum, anionic surfactants, and total dissolved solids), the water quality index (WQI) of the reusing grinding fluid after finishing by the physical separation is significantly reduced. It indicates that reusing water resources in grinding fluid is a feasible way to reuse grinding fluid.

Electrochemical and surface characterisation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) dodecylbenzenesulfonate layers

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films were electrochemically synthesised with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) and chloride acting as dopant anions within the polymer matrix. Upon redox switching of the PEDOT/DBS film between conducting and non-conducting states, the DBS anion remained within the polymer and cation insertion and expulsion occurred, as confirmed by Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) measurements. Electrolytes composed of alkali metal cations of varying masses (Li+, Na+, K+) were employed to investigate the cation insertion/expulsion processes, thereby resulting in varying mass changes being observed upon film redox switching. The charging and discharging of bulky anion doped polymer films presented higher capacitance upon charging and lower capacitance when discharging, which is expected during doping and de-doping as confirmed by AC impedance. In this work, the main results obtained by chemical-physical characterisation are presented and critically discussed, with regard to the possible use of a viable conducting polymer as a drug delivery vehicle.

Treatment of various saline wastewaters by membrane distillation with omniphobic polyvinyl alcohol membrane

An omniphobic membrane was fabricated to address the issues associated with traditional hydrophobic membrane wetting in membrane distillation (MD) and used to treat industrial high-salinity wastewater. An electrospun nanofiber membrane with excellent hydrophobicity (high water contact angle value of 157°) was fabricated by hydrophilic, biodegradable, and inexpensive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) via electrospinning method modified by glutaraldehyde cross-linking, Al2O3 nanoparticles coating, and impregnated fluorination. Moreover, the resulting membrane presented satisfactory wettability resistance in treating solutions containing 20 % NaCl and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. In comparison to commercial polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, the omniphobic PVA membrane showcased remarkable separation performance when treating coal gasification brine and acid mine drainage. Based on our findings, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the anti-wetting and anti-scaling properties of the omniphobic PVA membrane. Furthermore, we delved into an in-depth analysis and discussion of the mechanisms behind the low surface energy and multi-level re-entrant structures that contribute to these properties. The results indicate that the omniphobic PVA membrane holds potential for application in MD processes aimed at water recovery from industrial wastewater containing complex compounds.

Highly 002-Oriented Dendrite-Free Anode Achieved by Enhanced Interfacial Electrostatic Adsorption for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are gaining recognition as promising next-generation energy storage solution, due to their intrinsic safety and low cost. Nevertheless, the advancement of AZIBs is greatly limited by the abnormal growth of zinc dendrites during cycling. Electrolyte additives are effective at suppressing zinc dendrites, but there is currently no effective additive screening criterion. Herein, we propose employing the interfacial electrostatic adsorption strength of zinc ions for the initial screening of additives. Subsequently, dendrite-free plating is achieved by employing the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) to enhance electrostatic adsorption. The cycled zinc anode exhibited a dense plating morphology and a high (002) orientation (I002/I101 = 22). The Zn||MnO2 full cell with SDBS exhibited a capacity retention of 85% after 1000 cycles at 1 A g-1. Furthermore, an instantaneous nucleation model and continuous nucleation model (CNM) are constructed to reveal the microscale plating/stripping dynamics under the scenarios of weak adsorption and strong adsorption. The CNM accurately explains the self-optimizing reconstruction of electrodes resulting from enhanced electrostatic adsorption. Our exploration was extended to other anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate and disodium laureiminodipropionate), confirming the effectiveness of strong electrostatic adsorption in the screening of electrolyte additives.

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate as a new ligand to enhance the flotation of cassiterite in Pb-BHA system

As high-quality cassiterite resources dwindle, the significance of cassiterite associated with scheelite escalates. In this study, we synthesized a novel lead-group double ligand collector (Pb-BHA-SDBS) by introducing a new ligand, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), into the structure of lead complexes of benzohydroxamic acid (Pb-BHA). The flotation performance of Pb-BHA-SDBS was investigated by single-mineral flotation. The structural and chemical properties of Pb-BHA-SDBS were systematically investigated through FTIR, XPS, and quantum chemical calculations. The mechanism of enhancing cassiterite flotation with Pb-BHA-SDBS were investigated through adsorption energy analysis, XPS, AFM and contact angle analysis. The flotation recovery of cassiterite greatly increased from ≤30 % to ≥80 % when the Pb-BHA-SDBS is utilized as the collector. The FTIR and XPS results indicated that both SDBS and BHA form coordination bonds with lead ions, significantly strengthening the adsorption ability on the cassiterite surface. The adsorption of Pb-BHA-SDBS on the surface of cassiterite forms larger colloidal aggregates, further enhancing the roughness and hydrophobicity of the cassiterite surface, thereby strengthening the flotation of cassiterite.