Alkaline Agents Research Articles

Eco-friendly cyclohexane oxidation by a V-scorpionate complex immobilized at hierarchical MOR zeolite

• MOR zeolite was modified by alkaline (NaOH / TPAOH) + surfactant (CTAB) treatments. • Vanadium B-scorpionate complex was successfully immobilized at hierarchical MOR. • V @MOR_NaOH efficiently catalyzed the oxidation of cyclohexane to KA oil. • The catalyst was easily recovered and reused up to four consecutive cycles. The hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate dioxido-vanadium(V) complex [VO 2 {HB(3,5-Me 2 pz) 3 }] ( V , pz = pyrazol-1-yl) immobilized at hierarchical MOR zeolite modified through surfactant mediated technology using NaOH as alkaline agent, V @MOR_NaOH, provides an efficient (TON up to 5.2 × 10 2 ) catalyst for the peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane with tert -butyl hydroperoxide to KA oil (52% yield), at room temperature, and is easily recovered and reused up to four consecutive catalytic cycles with no significant leaching of vanadium. The textural modifications performed on the zeolitic matrix produced an effective support for the anchorage of the vanadium complex allowing an improved catalytic performance and reusability. This work constitutes an unprecedented use of supported vanadium B-scorpionate complexes as catalysts for the oxidation of alkanes.

Аналіз ринку дезінфікуючих засобів в Україні

У статті наведені результати аналізу сучасного ринку дезінфікуючих засобів за активно діючими речовинами. На основі даних державного реєстру ветеринарних препаратів, кормових добавок, готових кормів та преміксів щодо зареєстрованих дезінфікуючих засобів та їх рецептур встановлено, що кількість препаратів для дезінфекції і санації об’єктів ветеринарно-санітарного нагляду понад 200 найменувань, в тому числі вітчизняного і зарубіжного виробництва. Найбільша частка засобів представлена пінними і безпінними лужними засобами – 31,43 %, пінні і безпінні кислотні засоби – 22,86 %, дезінфектанти на основі четвертинних амонійних сполук (ЧАС) – 15,71 %, спиртові – 6,19 %, кисневмісні дезінфектанти – 5,24 %, гуанідинові – 4,76 %, засоби на основі альдегідів – 4,76 %, хлорвмісні засоби – 4,29 %. Асортимент засобів дезінфекції на вітчизняному ринку має тенденцію до збільшення.

The Effect of Beta-Alanine versus Alkaline Agent Supplementation Combined with Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Creatine Malate in Highly-Trained Sprinters and Endurance Athletes: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover Study.

The study aimed to verify the effect of intra- (beta-alanine—BA) versus extra- (alkaline agents—ALK) cellular buffering agent supplementation, combined with customarily used branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and creatine malate (TCM) treatment in natural training conditions. Thirty-one elite athletes (11 sprinters and 20 endurance athletes) participated in the study. Eight-week randomized double-blind, crossover, combined supplementation with BA-ALKplaBCAA&TCM and ALK-BAplaBCAA&TCM was implemented. In the course of the experiment, body composition, aerobic capacity, and selected blood markers were assayed. After BA-ALKplaBCAA&TCM supplementation, total fat-free mass increased in sprinters (p = 0.009). No other differences were found in body composition, respiratory parameters, aerobic capacity, blood lactate concentration, and hematological indices after BA-ALKplaBCAA&TCM/ALK-BAplaBCAA&TCM supplementation. The maximum post-exercise blood ammonia (NH3) concentration decreased in both groups after BA-ALKplaBCAA&TCM supplementation (endurance, p = 0.002; sprint, p < 0.0001). Also, lower NH3 concentrations were observed in endurance athletes in the post-exercise recovery period. The results of our study indicate that combined BCAA, TCM, and BA supplementation is more effective than combined BCAA, TCM and ALK supplementation for an increase in fat-free mass and exercise adaptation, but not for aerobic capacity improvement. Besides, it seems that specific exercise stimuli and the training status are key factors affecting exercise performance, even in athletes using efficient supplementation.

Investigation of the synergic effect of silver on the photodegradation behavior of copper chromite nanostructures

Pure copper chromite nanoparticles were prepared through an efficient route using copper nitrate and chromium nitrate. For the first time, various amino acids were employed as capping agents in the presence of propylene glycol and ethylene glycol in order to prepare these nanostructures. A number of experiments were performed to examine the effect of stabilization agents, alkaline agents and connecting agents on the shape, grain size and photodegradation behavior of CuCr2O4. The results showed that the type of stabilization agent and reducing agent creates numerous changes in terms of the size and photocatalytic performance of copper chromite. The effects of several factors, including the type of pollutant, grain size of CuCr2O4 nanostructures, pH and dosage of dye, on the photocatalytic behavior of copper chromite nanostructure were evaluated. Solutions of methylene blue, methyl orange and rhodamine B were employed as model contaminants. The maximum photocatalytic activity of the CuCr2O4 nanostructure was achieved for the rhodamine B contaminant under UV irradiation. When the CuCr2O4/Ag nanostructure was used instead of CuCr2O4 nanoparticles, the photocatalytic activity during the degradation of rhodamine B increased from 76 to 91%.

MgCr2O4 and MgCr2O4/Ag nanostructures: Facile size-controlled synthesis and their photocatalytic performance for destruction of organic contaminants‏

The synthesized MgCr2O4 nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as; XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, DRS, TGA and IR. In order to improve the morphology of nanoparticles, several alkaline and capping agents were employed. In this manuscript TETA (full name), NH3 and N(Et)3 were used as alkaline agents and PVP, dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and 2-hydroxyacetophenone as capping agents. TETA and DMG were chosen as alkaline and stabilizer agents respectively that resulted in the spherical morphology of the MgCr2O4 nanoparticles. Nanoparticles surface were covered by Ag nanoparticles using the photodeposition method. The photocatalytic behavior of MgCr2O4 nanoparticles was evaluated using the demolition of several organic contaminates (rhodamine B, methylene blue and methyl orange) under UV irradiation. In order to investigate the photocatalytic properties of the nanoparticles, the effect of various type of pollutant, grain size and morphology of MgCr2O4 nanostructures, various pollutants, dye dosage and pH of solution were studied on the photocatalytic behavior of products.

Degassing of water with exhaust gases of the boiler

A method for degassing the make-up water is described, the feature of which is the use of the exhaust gases of the boiler after the smoke exhauster as a desorbing agent. In the exhaust gases of the boiler, there is a small portion of corrosive oxygen, due to the fact that all oxygen is consumed in the combustion process in the furnace. The problem of the possible saturation of the deaerated water with carbon dioxide due to its increased content in the boiler waste gases is solved by dispensing the alkaline agent into the make-up water. The mass exchange efficiency of the make-up water degassing by the proposed method is estimated, the required specific consumption of the exhaust gases for deaeration is theoretically calculated. It is shown that the consumption of the desorbing agent, which is the exhaust gas, is sufficient for degassing practically any quantities of nutrient and make-up water.

Oral Methods of Urinary Alkalinization for High-dose Methotrexate Administration: Alternatives to Intravenous Sodium Bicarbonate During a Critical Drug Shortage.

A nationwide shortage of intravenous (IV) sodium bicarbonate required institutions to explore alternative options for urinary alkalinization for high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX). Children's Hospital Colorado implemented a protocol utilizing oral alkalinizing agents as alternatives to intravenous sodium bicarbonate during the shortage. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of oral alkalinization strategies for HDMTX administration. This retrospective study was conducted at a pediatric institution and evaluated cycles of HDMTX administered with at least one dose of oral sodium bicarbonate tablets or sodium citrate-citric acid oral solution. The time to achieve urine pH of ≥7 was 3.48 hours from the start of alkalinization. A median dose of 66.4 mEq/m/day of oral sodium bicarbonate was administered to maintain a urine pH of ≥7 until methotrexate was cleared. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred with 43% of HDMTX cycles and patients switched to IV sodium acetate in 25.5% of HDMTX cycles, primarily due to inadequate alkalinization or intolerance. During a shortage of IV sodium bicarbonate, oral alkalinization is an effective strategy for most patients to allow for administration of HDMTX.

Translating antibody-binding peptides into peptoid ligands with improved affinity and stability

A great number of protein-binding peptides are known and utilized as drugs, diagnostic reagents, and affinity ligands. Recently, however, peptide mimetics have been proposed as valuable alternative to peptides by virtue of their excellent biorecognition activity and higher biochemical stability. This poses the need to develop a strategy for translating known protein-binding peptides into peptoid analogues with comparable or better affinity. This work proposes a route for translation utilizing the IgG-binding peptide HWRGWV as reference sequence. An ensemble of peptoid analogues of HWRGWV were produced by adjusting the number and sequence arrangement of residues containing functional groups that resemble both natural and non-natural amino acids. The variants were initially screened via IgG binding tests in non-competitive mode to select candidate ligands. A set of selected peptoids were studied in silico by docking onto putative binding sites identified on the crystal structures of human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 subclasses, returning values of predicted binding energy that aligned well with the binding data. Selected peptoids PL-16 and PL-22 were further characterized by binding isotherm analysis to determine maximum capacity (Qmax ˜ 48–57 mg of IgG per mL of adsorbent) and binding strength on solid phase (KD ˜ 5.4–7.8 10−7 M). Adsorbents PL-16-Workbeads and PL-22-Workbeads were used for purifying human IgG from a cell culture supernatant added with bovine serum, affording high values of IgG recovery (up to 85%) and purity (up to 98%) under optimized binding and elution conditions. Both peptoid ligands also proved to be stable against proteolytic enzymes and strong alkaline agents. Collectively, these studies form a method guiding the design of peptoid variants of cognate peptide ligands, and help addressing the challenges that, despite the structural similarity, the peptide-to-peptoid translation presents.

Single-step prepared hybrid ZnO/CuO nanopowders for water repellent and corrosion resistant coatings

Abstract In this study, ZnO/CuO hybrid hydrophobic nanopowders were synthesized using a common single-step chemical precipitation route without using modifiers. Influence of initial ZnO:CuO precursor concentrations and alkaline agent type on the wettability behavior of the prepared samples were investigated. Wettability properties of the prepared samples were assessed by measuring the water contact angle and contact angle hysteresis values. Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope micrographs and X-ray diffraction patterns were applied to identify the surface chemistry and morphological features. Scanning electron microscope images of the synthesized ZnO/CuO nanocomposites indicated flower-like morphologies containing plenty of nano-needles, -rods, and -sheets with thicknesses lower than 90 nm. The sample prepared under the optimum conditions was superhydrophobic having water contact angle and contact angle hysteresis of 162.6°±1 and 2°, respectively. It was applied to coat the surface of stainless steel meshes by spray deposition method. The resultant superhydrophobic surface exhibited excellent self-cleaning (water repellency) property and a suitable stabilities under the ambient and saline solution (NaCl, 3.5%) media. Additionally, electrochemical corrosion tests confirmed that the corrosion resistance of the fabricated ZnO–CuO coating was higher than the initial bare mesh.

Modification of silicalite-1 with ammonium compounds aimed at preparation of acidic catalyst for acetalization of glycerol with acetone

Post-synthesis modification of silicalite-1 (MFI) with solutions of ammonium compounds (NH4F, NH4Cl, NH4NO3, NH4OH) without any additional alkaline agent followed by further thermal treatment appeared a new, facile, and cheap method to generate the acidic sites in starting material. The number and strength of resulting acid sites depend on the nature of anion in the applied ammonium salt. Used procedure resulted in partial removal of external silanol groups and in the formation of acidic internal isolated as well as hydrogen bonded OH groups (e.g. silanol nests). The novel acidic sites show a high catalytic activity for acetalization of glycerol with acetone and high selectivity towards 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (solketal). The modified silicalite-1 indicates also high stability with time on stream. The proposed reaction mechanism considers a combined contribution of both Lewis and very weak Brønsted acid sites.

Effects of methanol on morphology and photoluminescence in solvothermal grown ZnO powders and ZnO on Si

ZnO nano and microstructures were obtained by solvothermal synthesis using hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as alkaline agent, and water, water/methanol and methanol as solvents. Two types of samples were obtained: a ZnO powder that grew at the bulk solution and ZnO on silicon substrates. The effect of the solvent on the morphology and optical emission was studied, as well as the influence of the growth zone. With increasing methanol content, the morphology changed from nanorods to nanoparticles powders, and from oriented arrangement of nanorods to thin film on silicon substrates. Important changes in photoluminescence induced by the methanol content and depending on the growth zone were also observed.

Behaviour of fly ash geopolymer binders under exposure to alkaline media

Alkaline agents are primary binder components of geopolymer systems. In the converse, however, the hardened geopolymer binders can be adversely affected under exposure to strong alkalis. This paper presents an investigation conducted to evaluate the effects of highly alkaline exposure environment on fly ash geopolymer binders. In the study, a combination of sodium silicate and 12 M NaOH solution was used as the alkali activator to prepare a low calcium (Class F) fly ash-based geopolymer binder. Fly ash geopolymer pastes or mortars were cast into 50 mm cubes and 25 × 25 × 285 mm prisms, then immersed in different media consisting of water or 1–3 M NaOH solutions maintained at varied temperatures of 23, 38, and 80 °C. The tests done include compressive strength, expansion, and weight changes. Analytical studies were done using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy. Leaching analysis of storage solutions was also conducted. Results showed that alkali attack occurred when the concentrations of storage solutions exceeded 1 M NaOH. The severity of attack increased with increase in NaOH concentration and in storage temperature. It was found that the alkali attack causes damage to the polymeric structure of the binder, leading to release of Al and Si. A gel-like substance is formed, causing expansion and microcracking. New crystalline zeolite phases comprising phillipsite, zeolite-P and chabazite, also formed under exposure of the fly ash geopolymer binder to elevated alkali concentrations.

Mucosal healing after high dose pantoprazole in acute corrosive injury of esophagus

INTRODUCTION : The ingestion of corrosive agents is still an important public health issue in our country. The GIT injuries caused by caustic agents can range from minor to fatal, or can lead to chronic disease with poor quality of life. Corrosive agents with a pH level less than two or more than twelve can rapidly penetrate the layers of the oesophagus and result in necrosis and scar formation in the mucosa. Acidic agents produce coagulation necrosis and eschar formation that may limit tissue penetration and may even spare the oesophagus when the transit is rapid. On the other hand, Alkaline agents when ingested produce liquefaction necrosis and can cause serious oesophageal injury by penetrating to deep muscle layers. The basic histopathologic reaction of tissue subjected to caustic burn is the synthesis, deposition and remodelling of collagen. Following full-thickness injuries to the oesophageal wall, the normal oesophagus is replaced by dense connective tissue. Collagen overproduction has been estimated to cause stenosis in half of the patients suffering severe burns. Consequently, when treating caustic burn injuries, it is necessary to prevent stenosis by inhibiting collagen synthesis or changing the properties of the deposited collagen. The optimal management protocol in the treatment of severe caustic injury remains controversial. The main goal of medical treatment is to inhibit inflammatory reaction or stricture formation secondary to oesophageal burning. Stricture formation is thought to be overcome by suppressing fibroplasia and scarring. Many agents directed at wound healing and stricture prevention have been used in several experimental studies in past. Results of such treatment protocols including steroids, antibiotics, heparin, indomethacin, sucralfate, vitamin E, as well as total parenteral nutrition are all controversial in treatment of corrosive burns. Randomised control trials on the role of proton pump inhibitors in caustic injuries of GIT are lacking. A few experimental studies have investigated the relationship between proton pump inhibitors and corrosive burns and has shown that proton pump inhibitors can reduce inflammation in early phase of caustic injury. Proton pump inhibitors, by decreasing gastric acid secretion and thereby GER can prevent worsening of corrosive injury. In addition proton pump inhibitors has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. A prospective study from turkey on 13 patients have showed that omeprazole can be used effectively in treatment of acute corrosive injury of esophagus. There are no studies from India which have attempted to assess the usefulness of proton pump inhibitors in treatment of acute corrosive injury of esophagus. This prompted us to study the usefulness of pantoprazole in the treatment of patients presenting with acute corrosive injury of the oesophagus. AIM OF THE STUDY : To study the efficacy of high dose pantoprazole in causing mucosal healing after acute corrosive injury of esophagus. CONCLUSION : Treatment of corrosive injury is controversial and there are no definitive protocols. Intravenous proton pump inhibitors are widely used in treatment of corrosive injuries despite lack of evidence. Our study has demonstrated that effective mucosal healing can be achieved by intravenous proton pump inhibitor infusion. Though majority of patients in our study had minor grade of injury, 27% of the patients included in the study had 2b and 3a injury. When analysis is confined to these patients, 53% showed improvement by 1 grade, 33.3% showed improvement by 2 grades and 13.3% did not show improvement. Therefore it is evident from above that high dose pantoprazole is also beneficial in patients with higher grade of injury and may prevent late complications in these patients. A larger randomised placebo controlled trial in patients with higher grade of oesophageal injury is needed to determine if high dose pantoprazole should form standard of care in treatment of patients with acute corrosive injury of oesophagus.

Detection of ultrafine plastics ingested by seabirds using tissue digestion

Plastic debris is a major global threat to marine ecosystems and species. However, our knowledge of this issue may be incomplete due to a lack of a standardized method for quantifying ingested ultrafine particles (1 μm – 1 mm) in wildlife. This study provides the first quantification of ultrafine plastic in seabirds using chemical and biological digestion treatments to extract plastic items from seabird gizzards. The alkaline agent, potassium hydroxide, outperformed the enzyme corolase, based on cost and efficiency (e.g., digestion time). Ultrafine plastics were observed in 7.0% of Flesh-footed Shearwater (Ardenna carneipes) gizzards collected from Lord Howe Island, Australia and accounted for 3.6% of all plastic items recovered (13 out of 359 items). Existing methods for extracting ingested plastic from seabirds do not account for ultrafine particles, therefore our results indicate current seabird plastic loads, and the associated physical and biological impacts, are underestimated.

Improved properties of keratin-based bioplastic film blended with microcrystalline cellulose: A comparative analysis

In the present study, bioplastic films were developed using the different ratio of keratin extracted from chicken feathers and cellulose. Firstly, bioplastic (K-60) was developed from the keratin, extracted from the chicken feathers using an alkaline agent (NaOH), and mixed with PVA/glycerol to synthesize protein-based bioplastic. Further, microcrystalline cellulose (2%) was used as an additive to K-60 bioplastic to develop an improved bioplastic (KC-60). The results of functional group analysis using FT-IR, showed the conformational arrangements of the keratin protein have mostly amides I–III and OH groups in the bioplastic reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose and showed the substantial hydrogen bonding. The scanning electron microscopy analysis suggested the appropriate morphologies without edge, holes and cavities. The X-Ray diffraction analysis suggested the strong crystalline characteristics of synthesized bioplastic. Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis of K-60 and KC-60, showed the greater cross-linking efficiency between cellulose and keratin at higher temperature. Therefore, the results presented the development of keratin-based bioplastics with high structural strength and morphology good crystallinity which can be used in biomedical applications and manufacturing of food containers and others.

Reuse of volcanic mud to controlled low-strength materials with cement and alkali-activated slag binders

This paper aims to evaluate the applicability of volcanic mud as the fine aggregate for controlled low-strength material (CLSM) by the experimental method. Two types of binder were selected, including cement and alkali-activated slag binders (without cement). The study mainly explored the effects of different addition rates of volcanic mud and different concentrations of alkaline agents (sodium hydroxide) on the engineering properties of CLSM. The test results show that the CLSMs with cement and volcanic mud have better workability and less water bleeding. However, the compressive strength of CLSM decreases as the replacement rate of volcanic mud increases, and the setting time also increases. The replacement rate of volcanic mud is recommended to be 20%. The volcanic mud mixed with the alkali-activated slag binder (without cement) can be successfully made into CLSM. When the concentration of sodium oxide in CLSM is 5%, although the compressive strength is highest at 7 days or 28 days, it cannot be hardened at the early age (before four days) and without compressive strength. CLSM with 20% sodium oxide concentration has poor workability. Its compressive strength is slightly lower than that of the 10% group. Therefore, the amount of calcium hydroxide recommended is 10%.

Novel synthesis of lightweight geopolymer matrices from fly ash through carbonate-based activation

This paper describes a novel synthesis route for porous geopolymers based on carbonate-based activation of fly ash as the primary source material. The aqueous dissolution of sodium carbonate supplies NaOH which provides the alkaline medium for fly ash geopolymerization (along with externally supplied sodium silicate also, if needed). The CO2 released from the low temperature (∼100 °C) decomposition of carbonates formed as reaction products, acts as the pore-forming agent. The dosage of the alkaline agents is tailored to obtain a porous material with large enough porosity (∼50%), and sufficient mechanical strength (∼15 MPa) and thermal conductivity (∼0.3 W/m-K) so as to be used as structural/insulating elements in buildings. Detailed analysis of microstructure and reaction products reveals the presence of sodium carbonate crystals in the matrix, recrystallized from the initial carbonates added. Determination of CO2-equivalent emissions shows that these matrices, despite releasing some amount of CO2 in the pore-forming process, are more sustainable than similar matrices synthesized from portland cement or geopolymerized using same starting materials and other activating agents.

Facile preparation of PbCrO4 and PbCrO4/Ag nanostructure as an effective photocatalyst for degradation of organic contaminants

Pure monoclinic lead chromate nanoparticles ware prepared via a new simple way with lead nitrate and chrome chloride as Pb and Cr sources. For the first time, nanostructured lead chromate was synthesized with utilizing triethylenepantamine as a new alkaline agent. The citric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid and benzene tricarboxylic acid as stabilization agent and capping agent in presence of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol as connecting agent were employed to prepare of the lead chromate. The as-prepared nanostructured PbCrO4 and PbCrO4/Ag was analyzed by UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To examining the influence of various stabilization agents, connecting agent and alkaline agents on the morphology, grain size and photocatalytic performance of PbCrO4, different experiments were performed. The effects of various factors including kind of contamination, grain size of PbCrO4 nanostructures and pH on photocatalytic behavior of products was evaluated. Rhodamine B, methylene blue, methyl orange and murexide were used as pollutant model. It was observed that by using of PbCrO4/Ag nanostructure instead PbCrO4 nanoparticles the photocatalytic activity from 53 to 67 increased. Also by decreasing of pH from 7 to 5 destruction percentage of rhodamine B from 67 to 55 decreased.

Research on Hair Bleach that Causes Less Hair Damage and Smells Less Pungent than Ammonium Hydroxide

Problems associated with bleaching hair include damage to the hair and the pungent smell of ammonium hydroxide. Many consumers dislike the stiffness and smell of bleached hair. In this study, we investigated the suppression of both the damage and pungent smell of bleach by using an aqueous solution of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD) as an alkaline agent. The test results focused on scanning electron microscope observations, antioxidant activity and protein loss, and showed that the use of AMPD aqueous solution as an alkaline agent suppressed both hair damage and undesirable odor compared with the use of ammonium hydroxide. AMPD aqueous solution is considered more useful than ammonium hydroxide as an alkaline agent in the hair-bleaching process.

Highly dispersed Rh-, Pt-, Ru/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2–δ catalysts prepared by sorption-hydrolytic deposition for diesel fuel reforming to syngas

Three noble metal catalysts (Rh-, Pt-, Ru/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2–δ) for reforming of hydrocarbons were studied in steam and autothermal process conditions. Each catalyst was prepared by sorption-hydrolytic deposition with a metal loading of 0.1 mmol/g. The main idea of this technical approach was to form a solution of “metal complex + alkaline agent” that was metastable at given conditions (temperature, concentrations) with respect to homogeneous metal hydroxide precipitation, due to the kinetic inertness of the metal complexes for ligand exchange. As the support surface accelerated heterogeneous nucleation and growth of metal hydroxide particles, addition of the support to the reagent mixture initiated the hydrolysis which led to uniform depositing of 1–2 nm metal particles over the support surface. The Rh-based catalyst synthesized surpassed the Ru- and Pt-based catalysts in activity and stability in that under the experimental conditions, complete n-hexadecane conversion and equilibrium reformate product distribution were observed for 1-wt. % Rh/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2–δ for 17 h. This catalyst also showed competitive performance in autothermal reforming of diesel fuel providing stable operation for 9 h.