Abstract
Problems associated with bleaching hair include damage to the hair and the pungent smell of ammonium hydroxide. Many consumers dislike the stiffness and smell of bleached hair. In this study, we investigated the suppression of both the damage and pungent smell of bleach by using an aqueous solution of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD) as an alkaline agent. The test results focused on scanning electron microscope observations, antioxidant activity and protein loss, and showed that the use of AMPD aqueous solution as an alkaline agent suppressed both hair damage and undesirable odor compared with the use of ammonium hydroxide. AMPD aqueous solution is considered more useful than ammonium hydroxide as an alkaline agent in the hair-bleaching process.
Highlights
Melanin is a polyphenol-like macromolecule composed primarily of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI)and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) units
In many commercial types of bleach, ammonium hydroxide is used as the alkaline agent, and hydrogen peroxide is employed as the oxidizing agent
The present study focused on 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD; Figure 1) as a replacement for ammonium hydroxide
Summary
Melanin is a polyphenol-like macromolecule composed primarily of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). Blond hair contains pheomelanin (composed of benzothiazine units) rather than dihydroxyindoles [1]. The removal of melanin coloring from hair through bleaching begins with treatment with an alkaline agent, followed by treatment with an oxidizing agent. In many commercial types of bleach, ammonium hydroxide is used as the alkaline agent, and hydrogen peroxide is employed as the oxidizing agent. The proposed mechanism suggests that under alkaline conditions, hydrogen peroxide produces HOO−, which undergoes a nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon of the catechol in melanin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate what changes occur in hair damage when ammonium hydroxide, used in the first treatment step, is replaced by another alkaline agent
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