Context: India has the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden in the world in terms of the absolute number of cases that occur each year. The directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy is the most systematic and cost-effective approach to controlling this disease. Furthermore, understanding the specific reasons for treatment outcomes is important for the improvement of treatment systems. Aims: This study aimed to determine certain sociodemographic factors that contribute to TB treatment outcome. Settings and Design: A prospective study was conducted among 302 TB patients at four designated microscopy centers (DMCs) of Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh from April 2012 to June 2013. Materials and Methods: Study subjects were followed up from the initiation to the end of treatment. Baseline data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. The subjects were interviewed at least 3 times each during their treatment. Outcomes were considered as per the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) standard definition. Cured and treatment completed were considered good outcomes, while default, failure, and death were considered poor outcomes. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed in SPSS 17 using the chi-square test and univariate logistic regression to determine the association. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in logistic regression. Results: The majority of the subjects were male (72.2%) and in the age group of 15-30 years. Among the subjects, 53% resided in urban areas; 63.6% were literate; and 45% had a high standard of living index (SLI). Age group, literacy status, and SLI were found to be significantly associated with outcome (P < 0.05). On logistic regression, the 31-45-years age group, literacy, and high SLI were found to be significantly associated with good outcome.