Algorithm Research Articles

Analisis Sebaran Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan Oksigen Terlarut (DO) Dengan Menggunakan Satelit Citra Landsat di Pulau Lusi Kabupaten Sidoarjo

One of the districts in East Java is Sidoarjo. One of the natural beauties of Sidoarjo Regency is the Porong River, which is a branch of the Brantas River. At the mouth of the Porong River there is a delta called Lusi Island. The aim of this research is to monitor the distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) on the distribution of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) on the coast of Lusi Island, Sidoarjo Regency. The contribution of Civil Engineering in this research can provide important information in planning and developing maritime infrastructure, such as ports and docks, which can influence the sustainability of the economic and transportation sectors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the distribution of dissolved oxygen and the distribution of Total Suspended Solids by utilizing technology from Landsat 8 satellite data and monitoring the distribution pattern. This system uses a mathematical algorithm to get the best results. Later, field conditions will confirm the results of the analysis. The aim of this research is to evaluate the distribution of Total Suspended Solid and Dissolved Oxygen in the coastal area of ​​Lusi Island. The results of the analysis show that the field data values ​​taken in Bulau in May 2024 ranged between 80 mg/L and 146 mg/L for Total Suspended Solid, and 5.13 mg/L and 7.38 mg/L for dissolved oxygen. Meanwhile, the image data value for Total Suspended Solid is 10.68 mg/L – 165.13 mg/L and for dissolved oxygen the distribution is 4.69 mg/L – 6.94 mg/L. Both field data have a weak positive correlation value of 0.17266739.

Site Reassignment for Mobile Outreach Teams: Investigating the Effectiveness of Decentralized Decision Making

Problem definition: United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.8 states that health coverage should be universal by 2030. This is challenging in rural and poor areas. To address this challenge, mobile outreach teams of healthcare workers visit a fixed set of remote sites to provide healthcare services. Because of dynamics in demand and supply, once-rational site-to-team assignment decisions can become far from optimal over time. This paper considers the problem of reassigning sites to teams to maximize effectiveness. Solving this problem through a central planner does not fit the context: outreach teams commonly have a high degree of decision-making autonomy. We study a decentralized approach where subsets of teams collaborate in a series of team meetings to reassign sites. The key question for decision makers is whether and when such an approach is effective. Methodology/results: We propose a mixed-integer programming model for centralized site reassignment. We extend this model to represent the decentralized approach and develop a set of simple decision rules for this approach. We use empirical data from six country outreach programs of the nongovernmental organization MSI Reproductive Choices. Our results suggest that, when properly designed, decentralized decision making performs close to centralized decision making, and even outperforms it in the case of inaccurate information at the central level. The finding remains valid when demand and supply fluctuate, and is insensitive to the chosen objective. Managerial implications: Humanitarian organizations currently deploy mobile outreach teams to provide a wide variety of health services. We present several useful insights for decision makers in humanitarian organizations when making design choices, taking account of context. In particular, we show that decentralized site reassignment provides a feasible and effective alternative to centralized approaches in many contexts. Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0437 .

ANALYSIS OF THE THERMAL FRICTION DRILLING PROCESS FOR EFFECTIVE PARAMETRIC CHOICE ON THE DRILLING OF AISI 304 STAINLESS STEEL USING THE FUZZY AHP-MOORA METHOD

Attaining effective quality control of drilled samples in thermal friction drilling is a challenge considering the disproportionate allocation of drilling resources to parameters. Therefore, it is essential to select the appropriate parameters and allocate their scarce resources based on requirements. This paper chooses the effective and the best parameters of the drilling process during the processing of AISI 304 stainless steel using the fuzzy-AHP-MOORA method. The analytic hierarchy process is deployed by stating the criteria and alternatives. A pairwise comparison is made with the outcome introduced into a fuzzy framework which interpretes the obtained values from an input to an output vector via a rule (linguistic the terms) set. The result is expressed as responses to options compared to the objectives as ratios. The input parameters are the feed rate, friction angle, rotational speed, friction contact area proportion, tool cylindrical region diameter and workpiece thickness. In turn, the responses are the roundness error, radial force, dimensional error, axial force, bushing length and hole diameter. It was found that experimental trials 12, 14 and 8 with the respective differences between beneficial and non-beneficial values of 0.2133, 0.2076 and 0.1083 obtained the respective positions of 1st, 2nd and 3rd. The discretized fuzzy weights place the bushing length as the best while the second position is shared equally by all the other responses. The model was successful in reducing the imprecision in the parameters and the greatly improved response was the bushing length.

When Silicon Valley Feared Bhopal

In Silicon Valley, the Bhopal disaster led to a bitter controversy regarding poisonous gases used in high-tech manufacturing. Concerned by the potential release of deadly gases by semiconductor plants, fire departments drafted a stringent ordinance regarding their use, handling, and storage. Microelectronics firms opposed the ordinance and campaigned for a weaker set of rules. As public opinion shifted toward strict regulation, the Inter-Governmental Council of Santa Clara County forced industry to go back to the negotiating table and develop a revised version of the firefighters’ ordinance in collaboration with the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, an environmental group. The toxics gas ordinance was later incorporated into the Uniform Fire Code and set the rules for the utilization of hazardous gases in the American West.

Detection of Crack Location and Crack Depth in Leaf Spring

The objective of this work is to find the crack location and crack depth in leaf spring of an army jeep. The spring is subjected to heavy jerks and vibration during the military operation. Therefore it is necessary to find the crack in a leaf spring. Crack in a leaf spring introduces local flexibility that would affect the vibration response of the leaf spring. Main problem is to detect existence of a crack together with its location and depth in the leaf spring .We used a natural frequency a basic criteria for crack detection. Analytical calculations are done to find out natural frequency of leaf spring by using Euler's beam theory. Ansys 16.0 is used to find out natural frequency along with experimentation on FFT analyzer. Now, We propose a method based on some set of fuzzy rules obtained from the information supplemented by Numerical Analysis. Fuzzy controller use comprises of three input variables (first, second and third natural frequency) and two output variables (relative crack length and relative crack depth) are generated with Triangular MF.

Advancing AutoML: A Deep Dive into Neural Architecture Search (NAS) and Its Optimization Techniques

Abstract: Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is a pivotal technique in the field of automated machine learning (AutoML), enabling the automatic design of optimal neural network architectures. As deep learning models grow in complexity, NAS offers a scalable approach to improving model performance by exploring vast search spaces of potential architectures. In our research, we investigate the mathematical foundations and algorithms underpinning NAS, focusing on reinforcement learning-based, evolutionary, and gradient-based approaches. We provide mathematical proofs of convergence and efficiency for each method and analyze real-world applications, such as image classification and natural language processing (NLP). Through a comprehensive exploration of NAS, we aim to highlight its impact on AutoML and its potential to automate neural network design effectively while addressing challenges in computational cost and generalization.

Exploring $\<i>beta$</i>-Basic Rough Sets and Their Applications in Medicine

Advancements in the rough set theory of Pawlak have opened new avenues for enhancing decision-making processes, particularly in identifying disease risk factors in medical diagnoses. While traditional rough set methodologies have provided a solid foundation, there is a continuous need for improvements to increase accuracy and reliability. This study introduces mathematical techniques grounded in basic rough sets, incorporating $\beta$-open concepts to enhance precision. We present nearly basic rough sets and $\beta$-basic-approximations ($\beta _b$-approximations), examining their core properties and interrelationships. Our findings reveal that these novel constructs offer superior accuracy compared to traditional methods. Both theoretical analysis and practical examples support this, with our approach achieving a 100% accuracy rate in the medical diagnosis of COVID-19. This significant improvement highlights the potential of the methods of us to outperform existing ones in terms of precision and reliability. The introduction of $\beta _b$-approximations represents a significant advancement in rough set theory, offering enhanced accuracy in decision-making applications. Our results indicate that these methods can substantially outperform traditional techniques, especially in critical areas such as medical diagnosis. Additionally, we provide a mathematical algorithm suitable for implementation in programming languages, facilitating future research and applications across various theoretical and applied fields. This work lays the groundwork for further exploration and utilization of advanced rough set methodologies in diverse domains.

Construction of consistent SysML models applied to the CPS

With the increasing complexity of cyber-physical systems (CPS), it is interesting to decompose a CPS into sub-systems. This provides greater modularity and flexibility so that each system can be developed independently, making it easier to maintain. Also, it can improve its fault tolerance. However, this decomposition of the system can lead to inconsistency. This paper proposes an approach for early verification of cyber-physical systems decomposition using SysML. We address the limitations of SysML as a semi-formal language by introducing syntax and static semantics for its structural diagrams. The aim is to verify structural consistency before defining behavioral aspects. For that, the proposed approach verifies a set of structural consistency rules within a refinement relation to ensure that sub-components offer at least the same services as the abstract block and require the same services. Furthermore, the sub-blocks must satisfy all the requirements that the abstract block is supposed to verify. We used the CyCab as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.

Judicial control cause and causation in the United Arab Emirates

Judicial control in administrative law has become a necessity in administrations. Given the significant role it plays in confronting illegal activities and preserving property, money and the security of individuals in society. This research aims to introduce judicial in the United Arab Emirates and discuss the relationship between cause and causation.The descriptive analytical approach was used to study the research problem.the research conclude that cause and causation the most important element that enables the judiciary control the legality of the administration’s decisions. It is of great importance safeguards to protect individuals from abuse of administration by informing the person concerned of the reasons for making the decision, since the administration, in exercising its powers, must respect the set of legal rules established for it in the State.the research recommend that the competent authorities to make causation an essential part of the cause and a failure to render administrative decisions null and void in order to ensure transparency and to affirm the rule of law, with the exception of acts of supreme sovereignty, in order to preserve the supreme interest of the State.

Reconstruction of an execution architecture view by identifying mapping rules for connectors

An execution architecture view plays a crucial role in depicting the structure of a software system at runtime and analyzing its execution aspects, such as concurrency and performance. However, such execution views are frequently missing in real-world practices. Therefore, researchers have endeavored to reconstruct execution architecture views from software systems. However, existing approaches either require domain experts’ knowledge or are applicable only to systems with particular architecture styles. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach to reconstructing an execution architecture view, without prior knowledge of the components and connectors in the target system. With the proposed approach, by defining a candidate set of execution view connectors and mapping rules from source code to execution view connectors, developers can reconstruct an execution view. To evaluate the proposed approach, we applied it to three real-world software systems. Our evaluation results show that the proposed approach reconstructs an execution architecture with a higher than 86 % F1-score and less than 13.9 person-hours.

Preface: 2024 International Conference on Mathematical Modeling, Algorithms and Data Processing (MMADP 2024)

The 2024 International Conference on Mathematical Modeling, Algorithms and Data Processing (MMADP 2024) was held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates during September 14-15, 2024. The conference is devoted to mathematical modeling, algorithms application, data processing, computer simulation, artificial intelligence, and scientific computing. It is an opportunity to academics, scientists, engineers, researchers, and scholars to discuss, to present, and to assess the results of their research work on recent developments. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities. Another goal is to promote scientific information interchange worldwide. The success of MMADP 2024 is due to the high scientific level of all the contributions as well as to the enthusiasm of all the attendees. The member of the technical committee did a precious job in selecting the papers that were accepted for presentation and for inclusion in this book of proceedings among those that were initially submitted. We hope MMADP 2024 can develop into persistent success in future years, involving participants and speakers from all corners of the world. MMADP Organizing Committees Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Primary physical education teachers as ethical and moral agents of the alpha generation students

Ethics is a set of rules and principles in human life, and schools are at the forefront of developing moral education through physical education subjects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of physical education teachers in instilling attitudes of universal values in sports. The method used was descriptive. Data collection was conducted through forum group discussions and the distribution of a questionnaire consisting of 18 questions. The participants in this study were 72 physical education teachers in elementary schools spread across the Malang-raya area. This study produces a description and description of the role of teachers in emphasizing ethical and moral attitudes including, respect for the rules, respect for others, fairplay, self-esteem, honesty, tolerance.

CON-FOLD Explainable Machine Learning with Confidence

Abstract FOLD-RM is an explainable machine learning classification algorithm that uses training data to create a set of classification rules. In this paper, we introduce CON-FOLD which extends FOLD-RM in several ways. CON-FOLD assigns probability-based confidence scores to rules learned for a classification task. This allows users to know how confident they should be in a prediction made by the model. We present a confidence-based pruning algorithm that uses the unique structure of FOLD-RM rules to efficiently prune rules and prevent overfitting. Furthermore, CON-FOLD enables the user to provide preexisting knowledge in the form of logic program rules that are either (fixed) background knowledge or (modifiable) initial rule candidates. The paper describes our method in detail and reports on practical experiments. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm on benchmark datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. For that, we introduce a new metric, Inverse Brier Score, to evaluate the accuracy of the produced confidence scores. Finally, we apply this extension to a real-world example that requires explainability: marking of student responses to a short answer question from the Australian Physics Olympiad.

Can overarching rules and coordination in polycentric governance help achieve pre‐identified institutional goals over time? Evidence from farmland governance in southeastern France

AbstractThe question of the performance of polycentric governance over time is insufficiently addressed in the literature. By performance, we refer to the ability of polycentric governance actors to design rules and engage in coordination processes that allow them to achieve their goals. Through an institutional analysis, this paper seeks to answer a question that remains unresolved in the field, namely the effectiveness of the overarching set of rules and coordination relationships in their ability to drive institutional and organizational change in polycentric governance processes. To this end, we conduct an in‐depth case study of farmland governance in southeastern France. Through the attributes of polycentric governance, we examine the changes brought about by the goal of local food supply comparing it with other historical goals such as farmland preservation. We show that farmland governance is characterized by an institutional mismatch that prevents its actors from moving closer to the objective of local food supply. We argue that the evolution of farmland governance comes down to organizational change that does not lead to an evolution of rules‐in‐use. We discuss this result in light of the findings of the literature on polycentric governance and its implications for public policy.

Accuracy of a non-invasive mapping system for the localisation of re-entrant VT site of origin and its relationship to myocardial scar on cross-sectional imaging

Abstract Introduction View in ventricular onset (VIVO) is a non-invasive mapping system used for localising the site of earliest activation in ventricular arrhythmia, utilising a mathematical algorithm, patient specific cardiac model (constructed using cross-sectional imaging data), 3D images of the patient’s torso (for localising surface electrodes), and a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG).(1, 2) Several publications have examined its role in the localisation of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), and a 5 patient case series assessed its role in scar related re-entrant VT.(1-4) However, its validity in a larger cohort and of the relationship to the relevant myocardial scar has not been investigated. Objective Assess the accuracy of the VIVO mapping system in localising the VT-SoO for patients with scar related re-entrant VT and its relationship to the relevant myocardial scar on cross-sectional imaging. Methods 20 patients with structural heart disease (18 ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), 1 dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 1 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)) (Male n=18, 63±14 years) and recent cross-sectional cardiac imaging, were recruited over a 16-month period (table 1). All patients had a clinical indication for VT ablation and were on optimal medical therapy, 19 had an implantable cardiac defibrillator. Invasive electro-anatomical mapping (EAM) was performed with the Advisor HD Grid multipolar catheter and maps were generated using Omnipolar electrograms (EGMs). The VT-SoO was identified using an activation- or pace-map by an experienced operator and the location defined using the American heart association’s 17 segment model of the left ventricle during the procedure.(5) VIVO maps were reviewed by a second independent operator and a segment allocated, scar segments were obtained from cross-sectional imaging. A "complete match" was defined as exact segment concordance between allocated segments, "partial match" as adjacent segments, and "no match" if it does not satisfy either of those requirements. Results Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 35.5 ± 10.6%. Mean procedure time was 242 ± 70 minutes, with a mean ablation time of 20 ± 11.1 minutes. A total of 32 re-entrant VTs were mapped. The VT exit site was identified in all cases (11 activation-map; 21 pace-map). A complete match between the EAM and VIVO map was seen in 75% of VTs and partial match in a further 15% (table 2). The VT-SoO was located withing the myocardial scar (or directly adjacent to is) in 83% of accurately mapped VTs. Procedural success (defined as freedom from device treated episodes) was seen in 90% of patients at mean follow up of 7.3 ± 4.7 months. Conclusion VIVO non-invasive mapping system was able to accurately map the VT-SoO in scar dependent VT, and identify the relevant myocardial scar as seen on cross sectional imaging. Further research assessing its ability to accurately identify relevant ablation targets is ongoing.

Asking to Listen: Engaging Social Scientific Methods as a Listening Practice in Global Catholicism

Asking enables listening. This paper explores how the practice of asking, when enacted as an intentional social scientific process, can facilitate the synodal value of listening across the global Catholic Church. Drawing upon social science methodologies and evidence, it demonstrates that effective listening is not merely passive reception but proactive invitation to engage diverse or silenced perspectives. Systematic asking incorporates everyday people and experiences otherwise overlooked and creates space for difficult topics. Seeing listening as a practice of asking underscores the value of setting rules for engagement that promote a posture of reception that fosters trust and openness through humility, curiosity, and willingness to step into worlds different from one’s own. Embracing this mutual approach can prompt a more inclusive synodal process, enhancing the church’s ability to engage meaningfully with all in its midst.

Web archives after platformization: reading social media collections along the archival grain

ABSTRACT This article draws on ethnographic and historical research at two Australian libraries to explore how the platformization of the web has altered the content, character, and potential future utility of web archives. I argue that, in attempting to collect social media, these libraries face a double bind: while web crawling undertaken at the National Library of Australia allows for immediate but often incomplete or inconsistent access, the API-based approach taken by the State Library of New South Wales constrains both the data collected and how it can be made accessible due to a shifting set of rules that are established and enforced by platforms. By examining the constraints of current strategies to collect, preserve, and make available social media content, I illustrate how changes to platform design and policies significantly influence what is included in web archives and how they are made available. As the ruptures and inconsistencies of collections of social media in web archives are often opaque to both creators of web archives and those using them, I argue that web archives can be read ‘along the archival grain’ for evidence of the platformization of the web. This approach, which draws on anthropologist Ann Stoler’s critical readings on the form and placement of colonial archives (rather than just their contents), allows an assessment of how the gaps, silences, densities, and distributions of web archives are shaped by the shifting power dynamics between different actors involved in the production, circulation, distribution, and use of information on the web.

Mechanism Analysis and Path Study of Digital Transformation on Corporate Governance: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

Corporate digital transformation, primarily driven by data and leveraging digital technologies and mathematical algorithms such as Internet+, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, is a crucial enabler of sustainable development. This transformation integrates various aspects of corporate production and operations, enhancing the level of digital operations and ultimately contributing to high-quality and sustainable development. This paper, based on data from listed companies in China’s A-shares from 2007 to 2021, theoretically articulates the intrinsic mechanism between corporate digital transformation and corporate governance level, with a focus on sustainability. It empirically finds that a higher degree of digital transformation correlates with an improved level of corporate governance, fostering sustainable practices. Further investigation reveals that digital transformation elevates corporate governance by enhancing innovation capabilities, reducing information asymmetry, and promoting sustainable strategies. This paper provides policy insights for promoting corporate digital transformation as a means to achieve sustainability goals and optimizing management’s corporate governance level for long-term sustainable success.

Geofence‐Based Boundary Violation Detection Algorithms in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

ABSTRACTGeofence is a virtual boundary that helps in location‐based services. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) fly without a pilot, and geofence helps in regulating these vehicles and constraints a UAV to enter the boundary of other UAV. However, these have to go through many safety and security features like avoiding collision, complying within the restricted area, and organizing airspaces with high traffic. The UAVs need to be within the boundaries to avoid various damages to property and loss of lives. Geofences help to detect boundary violation of UAVs to a great extent. This study uses various mathematical algorithms to create geofences and detect boundary violation of UAVs. The existing methods, Delaunay triangulation and triangle weight characterization with adjacency, are implemented. The existing methods have high execution time as well as high standard deviation and low accuracy. Further, a novel method for boundary violation detection is proposed using a convex hull to create geofences. The results show that the proposed method improves the execution time by 59.23% and accuracy by 1.35%.

Labor-inclusive corporatism after democratic transitions: Institutionalization in South Africa and Brazil

Abstract Under what conditions has corporatist policymaking become institutionalized in newly transitioned democracies? I argue that transitions have provided temporary opportunities for unions to push for laws they can later use to protect their place in economic councils. The relevant sets of legal rules, which I call compulsory deliberation, enable non-‘State official’ members to resist governmental disruption of such councils despite them composing the Executive’s structure. I compare South Africa and Brazil, two ‘most similar’ cases that featured sequences of chronically unstable labor-excluding councils under authoritarian regimes. I argue that the former broke out of this trajectory while the latter did not because South African unions developed aspirations for durable policy influence before the transition, whereas Brazilian ones only did so afterward and thus mobilized too late. Although Brazilian governments have enacted dozens of regulations covering as many councils, these have only served as short-term instruments for marketing policies.