Consumption Of Alcoholic Beverages Research Articles

Unhealthy Alcohol And Eating Habits Impair Physical Fitness Of Garbage Collectors

PURPOSE: We analyzed relationships between unhealthy alcohol and eating habits with physical activity and fitness of garbage collectors. METHODS: Fifty-four male garbage collectors who were 19 to 39 years of age (29.8 ± 5.2 years) reported their consumption of alcohol, dietary fat, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Their dietary fat and sugar-sweetened beverage intake was used to calculate an unhealthy score. Body adiposity using skinfold calipers, abdominal strength assessed by sit-ups, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) using the Astrand-Ryhming nomogram were evaluated. Individuals wore a motion sensor (Digi-Walker, SW-200, Yamasa Tokei Keiki Co., Tokyo, Japan) on their waist for three days during work activities. RESULTS: Regression models analyzed relationships among age, excessive alcohol consumption, and unhealthy eating habits with physical activity and fitness. Excessive alcohol consumption was associated with poor abdominal strength (R = 0.39, adjusted R2 = 0.12, p = 0.027), and yielded borderline relationships with VO2max (R = 0.33, adjusted R2 = 0.08, p = 0.071), and number of steps during work activities (R = 0.34, adjusted R2 = 0.07, p = 0.089). Relationships between unhealthy eating habits (β = 0.279, p = 0.038) and weakened abdominal strength were maintained after age adjustment (β = 0.279, p = 0.038; R = 0.57, adjusted R2 = 0.29, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Excessive consumption of alcohol, dietary fat, and sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with poor physical fitness of garbage collectors. A larger sample size may be needed to support relationships among excessive alcohol consumption, number of steps during work activities, and physical fitness.

Establishment of probability assessment parameters of consumption of alcoholic beverage based on the contact area

Establishment of probability assessment parameters of consumption of alcoholic beverage based on the contact area

Suicide among Alcoholics in an Outpatient Service

Alcoholism is a growing problem throughout Brazil, consumption excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages generates physical, psychological, family and professionals. Among the mental disorders caused by alcoholism, depression and the suicide attempt. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 300 Millions of people live with depression. For alcoholic patients, the presence of symptoms depression is a risk factor for relapse. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death violence all over the world. Alcohol-dependent individuals are at greater risk of trying to suicide, as well as for the consummation of the act. Objective: To identify the presence of depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in alcoholics treated at an outpatient service. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in an outpatient service of a university hospital. Users attended from June 2016 to June 2017 were surveyed. Inclusion criteria: users diagnosed with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome [SDA]. Data were obtained through analysis of medical records. Statistical analysis was performed by selecting the following variables: sex, age, marital status, education, city, religion, profession, living with the family, suicide attempt, suicidal ideation and depression. Results: Of the 139 medical records selected, 31 users (22.3%) had suicidal ideation, 14 (10.1%) had attempted suicide and 27 (19.4%) had a diagnosis of depression. A greater association of women with suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and depression was found. People up to 50 years old were more likely to attempt suicide and individuals with higher education are more likely to attempt suicide and depression. Conclusion: Alcoholism is closely related to suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and depression. In this context, the present study made it possible to identify the presence of these symptoms in alcoholics treated at an outpatient service. Keywords: Alcoholism, Suicide, Depression.

Diagnostic meaning of urinary ethyl glucoside concentrations in relationship to alcoholic beverage consumption

Incidents and accidents often involve the drinking of alcoholic beverages. We investigated compounds that indicate the consumption of alcoholic beverages even after ethanol (EtOH) becomes undetectable in blood and urine. Ethyl glucoside (EG) has been isolated as a possible drinking marker, and a GC–MS/MS method for EG isomers has been developed. EG isomers in several alcoholic beverages were analyzed. In sake, only αEG was observed in high concentrations. In wine and beer, both α and βEG were detected. Whisky, however, did not contain EG. EtOH and EG concentrations were analyzed in urine up to 48 h after ingestion. Maximum EtOH concentrations were reached in 1–2 h and was mostly eliminated in 6 h. Maximum EG concentrations were reached in 3–6 h, gradually decreased, and remained low after 24 h. After drinking sake, the αEG concentrations were much higher than that of other alcoholic beverages. After drinking wine or beer, βEG was detected, but lower than αEG. Also, αEG was detected in urine after drinking whisky that contained no EG. This suggested that αEG may be synthesized in vivo. Disaccharide-degrading enzymes such as α-glucosidase are present in the human small intestine. It was considered that αEG was synthesized when alcohol was consumed with certain foods, such as carbohydrates. In actual forensic autopsy cases, EtOH and EG isomer analysis provided useful information regarding drinking history. In conclusion, it is considered that urinary EG isomers can be used as drinking markers that complement EtOH analysis.

Smoking Habits and Workplace Health Promotion among University Students in Southern Italy: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Investigation.

The study aimed to investigate the tobacco smoking prevalence, habits and awareness among a cohort of healthcare students from a university hospital in southern Italy and the associations with socio-demographic determinants. A secondary outcome was to estimate the educational needs to receive information on smoking-related risk factors. Five hundred and forty-nine students completed a self-administered questionnaire (180 male and 369 female, average age 25 yo, ±5.9 SD), enrolled from October 2018 to November 2019 at the University of Naples ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, and the collected data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The sample’s prevalence of current smokers was 25.3%, without a significant sex difference. The multiple logistic regression model showed the link between smoking habits and alcoholic beverage consumption (p < 0.001) and living with smokers (p = 0.003). The enrolled cohort does not seem to need more information about the risks of cigarette smoking (p = 0.028). The data analysis and the comparison with the current literature allowed the authors to hypothesise a training model to be adopted within a workplace health promotion programme managed by an occupational physician. This model included targeted training for smoking dissuasion, focusing on sex and gender, cohabitant’s influence, and combined addiction management. Further research will focus on the effectiveness of these proposed models.

Trends in consuming alcoholic beverages among adolescents and young adults of school age: sexes differences

ObjectiveTo analyze the tendency of alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents and young adults at school age according to their sexes. MethodsThis is a trend research study in public schools of the municipality of Petrolina, between 2014 and 2016, with 3146 students aged between 12 and 24 years old. The instrument was constituted by socio-economic inquiry and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Trends were assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended approach. The analyses were conducted using logistic regression, with a statistical significance of 0.05. ResultsClose to 56% of the adolescents had already tried some alcoholic beverage, most of which had contact after 13 years of age. The prevalence of binge drinking ranged between 17% and 25%. The percentage of girls who tried alcohol before 13 years old remained similar over the three years (p = 0.943). The prevalence of this behavior was stabilized at around 20%. There was a trend to decrease in the prevalence of boys who reported having tried alcohol before 13 years old (p = 0.014). The percentage of boys who reported involvement in binge drinking in the past 30 days remained stable at around 20% over the years (p = 0.951). The girls’ data revealed a significant decrease in binge drinking (p = 0.019). ConclusionsThe general analysis suggests a trend towards stabilization of consumption among boys, and an increase among girls.

Formation of ethyl glucuronide by beta-glucuronidase

Substantial amounts of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds are transformed to ß-D-Glucuronides in the human body. The conjugation reaction, which requires uridine-5′-diphospho (UDP)-alpha-D-glucuronic acid as a cosubstrate is catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Beta-glucuronidase (GUSB), which is widely distributed in mammalians, microbiota, insects, molluscs, nematodes, fishes and plants, opposes this reaction: ß-D-glucuronides are hydrolyzed to ß-D-glucuronic acid and the corresponding aglycon in a configuration retaining manner. This study investigated GUSB activity in the presence of ethanol. Phenolphthalein-ß-D-glucuronide (PHPH-G), 4-nitrophenol-ß-D-glucuronide (4NP-G), morphine-3-O-ß-D-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-ß-D-glucuronide and 1-/2-propyl-ß-D-glucuronide were used as substrates. Enzymatic reactions were carried out at 37 °C in buffer solution fortified with different amounts of ethanol (0–70% by volume) using GUSB from different sources ( E. coli , H. pomatia , bovine and human recombinant). The enzymatic reactions were stopped after 60 minutes and all samples were tested for ß-D-ethyl glucuronide (EtG) by a validated LC/MS/MS assay. In incubations of PHPH-G and 4NP-G, the release of aglyca was additionally measured by colorimetrical methods. It was found that EtG, which is a minor metabolite of ethanol but one of the most important direct biomarkers of alcohol consumption in man today, builts up from all investigated ß-D-glucuronides by GUSB activity in the presence of ethanol. The glucuronyl transfer reaction, which was neither observed in absence of ethanol nor in absence of GUSB, is detectable but minor at ethanol concentrations which are commonly observed in blood and tissues after consumption of alcoholic beverages. At higher ethanol concentrations (> 5% by volume), the transfer reaction is predominant and the majority of glucuronyl from ß-D-glucuronides is transferred to ethanol. Different types of donor substrates yielded different amounts of EtG in the presence of the same GUSB-activity and different types of GUSB yielded different amounts of EtG from the same donor substrate. The detection of EtG in several settings independent from human UGT-metabolism (e.g., EtG post collection synthesis in E.coli contaminated urine samples, EtG in wine and ethanolic herbal preparations) can be explained by the observed mechanism. A contribution of GUSB activity to EtG kinetics in man is suspected and should be further investigated since high concentrations of ethanol (oral intake of alcoholic beverages) and high concentrations of ß-D-glucuronides (hepatobiliary secretion) are present in the gut, where the main GUSB activity is localized. Finally, the findings could be of interest in context of EtG hair analysis, since the prerequisites for in vitro formation of EtG in this study may also be found on head. There is an additional biochemical path and another source of EtG which deserves further attention in context of alcohol biomarker applications.

A novel human laboratory alcohol self-administration paradigm for medication screening: Modeling the ability to resist drinking and heavy drinking

BackgroundHuman laboratory analogues of drinking behavior provide an efficient, cost-effective mechanistic evaluation of a medication signal on drinking. We developed a novel alcohol self-administration paradigm which models the ability to resist drinking and heavy drinking. MethodsWe compared a de-escalating schedule of monetary reinforcement (n=16, 50% female) to no schedule (n=16, 50% female) on the ability to resist drinking (i.e., latency to start drinking) and subsequent ad-libitum alcohol consumption of preferred alcoholic beverage in participants with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Participants completed two laboratory sessions designed to model the ability to resist drinking using stress (versus neutral imagery, within-subject factor) as a prime for drinking. ResultsParticipants consumed more alcohol with no schedule (74.2%) versus with the de-escalating reinforcement schedule (40.3%,). The de-escalating schedule reduced alcohol consumption by 49%. Eighty-one percent of participants drank heavily with no schedule and this was reduced with the schedule. Use of the de-escalating schedule also increased the latency to pour and sip the first drink. Participants poured and sipped alcohol faster following stress imagery (vs. neutral), had greater craving, and consumed more alcohol in the first 30 minutes. ConclusionsOur novel alcohol self-administration model generated heavy drinking. Over 80% of participants without reinforcement consumed more than 2/3 of their preferred alcoholic beverage designed to increase blood alcohol levels to 0.12 mg% within a 2-hour window. Our model was sensitive to stress, and the de-escalating schedule highlighted stress effects on drinking. Thus, this model is ideal for a cross-over design to test medications for AUD.

A Study to assess the effectiveness of Biofeed back assisted progressive muscle relaxation on Anxiety and Depressive symptoms among alcoholics in Krishna Nursing Home, Coimbatore

The problem of alcohol occurs at different levels of severity, from mild and annoying threatening. Although alcohol dependence is most severe problem, less severe drinking problem can also be dangerous. Alcoholism is a condition that results in the continued consumption of alcoholic beverages, despite health problems and negative social consequences. Alcoholism is also known as alcohol dependence, is a disease that includes alcohol craving, withdrawal symptoms, physical symptoms, and psychological symptoms like anxiety, depression, suicidal tendencies etc., This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of biofeedback assisted progressive muscle relaxation on reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms among alcoholics in Krishna Nursing home Coimbatore. This study adopted an evaluative approach, and made use of true experimental randomized pretest and post test control group design. Conceptual framework adopted for this study was the Modified Roy’s adaptation theory (1984). A total of 60 samples out of which 30 samples for experimental group and 30 for control group using simple random sampling (consecutive sampling) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Pretest was done for both experimental and control group to assess the Anxiety and depressive symptoms using Beck anxiety scale and Beck depressive Inventory scale respectively. Biofeedback assisted progressive muscle relaxation was administered to the experimental group for 30 minutes once a day for 10 days and routine treatment for control group. Post test was done for experimental and control group using same above mentioned scales. The gathered data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The independent t value of anxiety was 9.324 and depressive symptoms value was 8.42which was significant at P&lt;0.05 level respectively. The study findings revealed that biofeedback assisted progressive muscle relaxation were beneficial ad there was a significant reduction in anxiety and depressive symptoms among alcoholics in experimental group.

LB920 Alcohol consumption and melanoma risk: A prospective analysis from the nih-aarp diet and health study

There is a lack of consistent epidemiological research observing the associations between alcohol consumption and melanoma. Additionally, some observational studies have found significant differences in melanoma risk based on alcoholic beverage type. In this prospective analysis, we investigated the associations of total alcohol consumption and different types of alcoholic beverages with risk of melanoma among 469,828 adults aged 50-71 who participated in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Alcohol consumption in the past year was assessed at baseline by questionnaire and defined as a categorical variable: non-drinker, >0-1 drinks/day, >1-3 drinks/day, and >3 drinks/day.

Dampak Mengkonsumsi Alkohol terhadap Perilaku Sosial Remaja

: Consumption of alcoholic beverages has become a status symbol for teenagers. Alcohol as we know is an addictive substance that causes addiction and dependence. The feeling of addiction and dependence on adolescents who still have unstable emotions and short-term thoughts causes an increase in alcohol consumption in adolescents. It is also a major cause of social chaos because alcohol can destroy self-control in a person. Someone who is addicted to drinking alcohol will get side effects in the form of organic mental disorders (GMOs). This makes the authors interested in researching the impact on the social behavior of adolescents who consume alcoholic beverages. The method used in this research is a case study. The results of this study are the factors that cause a teenager to consume alcohol, including escape, the media, the surrounding environment, wrong information, culture, and lack of understanding of religion as well as the social impact that occurs from consuming alcoholic beverages, which can be one of the causes of action. - negative actions even criminal acts.

Praktika potrebleniya alkogolya v rossijskoj derevne v pervoj treti XX v.

The article is devoted to the characterization of alcohol consumption practices in the Russian countryside of the 1900s - 1920s in connection with the metamorphoses of state and social development and the vicissitudes of government policy in the drinking issue. Based on the analysis of various studies and sources, the conclusion is made about the stability of sporadic consumption of alcoholic beverages in the peasant environment and the absence of significant corrections of this drinking model. It is noted that the transformation of the practice of alcohol consumption in the village occurred under the influence of the policy of “raskrestyanivaniye”, which was carried out by the Soviet government since the late 1920s, completely changing the way of life of rural inhabitants.

ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ ЭВЕНКОВ ПО ОПРОСНИКУ SF–36

The study used the SF-36 questionnaire, suitable for use in the general and clinical populations, to compare health status between populations and between diseases. In the world literature, data on the quality of life of the Evenks according to the SF-36 questionnaire were not found. The quality of life of the Evenks associated with the state of health has been studied. To conduct a survey of the adult population of the village of Zhilinda, a sample representative of gender and age was formed in the amount of 150 people, of which 69 were men (46 %) and 81 were women (54 %). The average age of the surveyed women was 43.3 ± 16.6 years, men - 41.1 ± 16.4 years. Gender comparisons were made. The questionnaire contained the following sections: general information, family income, living conditions, employment, nature of work, satisfaction with medical care and a medical examination card, consisting of sections: physical activity, smoking status, consumption of alcoholic beverages, Rose questionnaire, frequency of consumption of certain foods, quality of life questionnaire. To compare the quality of life of the inhabitants of the village of Zhilinda, the base of population values of the transformed indicators of the SF-36 questionnaire from the city of Yakutsk was used. The inhabitants of Zhilinda revealed low levels of physical functioning. The following factors were associated with decreased physical functioning: female gender, increased age, college education, increased body mass index, low income, and presence of joint/spine pain. Social functioning decreased with dissatisfaction with housing, vitality with low income, general health with an increase in the number of cigarettes smoked. Evenki quality of life can be significantly improved by reducing body weight, quitting smoking, treating diseases of the musculoskeletal system, increasing income and improving living conditions.

Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages (jiǔ) and Political Struggle During the Tang Dynasty in the Light of Zizhi tongjian

This paper examines the close relationship between alcoholic beverages and politics in the Tang dynasty (618‑907 AD), starting with the way in which Chinese people categorised various types of beverages. Through the terminology used to denote Chinese alcohol (jiǔ) and its two opposing physical and psychological effects, the Chinese realised that it could also have numerous beneficial and harmful effects on political life. As a result, jiǔ was an important player in the Chinese imperial political scene, playing a variety of roles there, examples of which were given in large numbers in the Zizhi tongjia.

Human Development and Alcohol Consumption: State and Relationship in Russian Regions

Introduction. The study of the relationship between the costs of purchasing a typical addictive product – alcoholic beverages and the human development index in the regions of Russia is due to the need to overcome population decline, improve the level of education and life of the population. The purpose of the article is to analyze human development in the Russian regions on the basis of the results obtained under the influence of spending on the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Materials and Methods. The initial research data are United Nations Development Programme and Rosstat statistics for Russian regions for 2000–2017. A regression analysis of the relationship between the share of expenses on alcoholic beverages in the structure of the household final consumption expenses and the human development index in the regions of Russia was carried out. For each region, the coefficients of determination and correlation are calculated, the trends of change over the period, the direction and strength of the relationship between the human development index and the cost of alcoholic beverages are determined. Results. The analysis has showed that in 77 Russian regions in 2000–2017, the share of expenses on alcoholic beverages in the structure of the household final consumption expenses is decreasing against the backdrop of an increase in the human development index and there is an inverse relationship between these indicators. To reduce the risk of negative health impacts from the consumption of addictive products in Russian regions, the implementation of local policies to reduce inequality and increase welfare is recommended. A toolkit for methodological, analytical and predictive support of regional regulatory policy has been developed and tested. Measures to reduce the consumption of alcoholic products, the risks of non-communicable diseases and mortality in the Russian regions are proposed. Discussion and Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a steady downward trend in the share of expenses on the purchase of alcoholic beverages against the backdrop of a steady increase in the human development index in 2000–2017. The materials of the paper can be used to monitor and adjust the approaches of the state authorities to the directions of reducing the degradation of human capital from the consumption of addictive goods in troubled regions.

Changes in Alcohol Consumption by Beverage Type Attributable to the COVID-19 Pandemic for 10 States, March 2020 to November 2020: An Ecological Simulation-based Analysis.

Consumption of high potency alcohol is associated with greater healthcare burden, yet little attention has been placed on the change in types of alcohol consumed during the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimate the change in alcohol consumption by beverage type attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism provided apparent alcohol consumption ("consumption") by beverage type for 10 states for January 2017 through November 2020 based on sales and tax data. The 38-month period to February 2020 was used to train quasi-Poisson regression models. The models then predicted the monthly consumption based on the historical trends in the absence of the COVID-19 pandemic from March through November 2020. The difference between the observed and predicted is the change in consumption attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Beyond what was expected based on historical trends, spirits consumption increased significantly for 6 states (Colorado, Massachusetts, Missouri, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Tennessee) ranging from 4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1%-6%) to 17% (95% CI 6%-28%) which is equivalent to 7 (95% CI 2-18) to 32 95% CI 12-48) excess standard spirits drinks per-capita; Alaska, Florida, Illinois, and Kentucky had no significant change. Wine consumption increased 10% (95% CI 3%-18%) in Colorado and 8% (95% CI 3%-12%) in Tennessee. Wine consumption in Alaska decreased 6% (95% CI, 3%-10%) and beer consumption decreased 8% (95% CI 4%-11%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, spirits consumption increased relative to wine and beer. Increased consumption of higher potency alcohol beverages could lead to higher alcohol-related healthcare and societal burden.

Beta-Glucuronidase Activity: Another Source of Ethyl Glucuronide.

Numerous classes of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds are conjugated to uridine-5'-diphospho (UDP)-alpha-D-glucuronic acid which is catalyzed by human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The resulting beta-D-glucuronides can be hydrolyzed to β-D-glucuronic acid and the corresponding aglycone in a configuration retaining manner by beta-glucuronidases (GUSBs), which are widely distributed in mammalians, microbiota, insects, molluscs, nematodes, fishes and plants. This study investigates GUSBs' activity in the presence of ethanol (0-70% by volume) using different β-D-glucuronides (phenolphthalein-β-D-glucuronide, 4-nitrophenol-β-D-glucuronide, morphine-3-O-β-D-glucuronide, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide and 1-/2-propyl-β-D-glucuronide) as substrates. It was found that β-D-ethyl glucuronide (EtG), which is a minor UGT-derived metabolite of ethanol in man and one of the most frequently used biomarkers of alcohol consumption today, builds up from all investigated β-D-glucuronides by means of GUSBs in the presence of ethanol. The glucuronyl transfer reaction, which was neither detected in the absence of ethanol nor in absence of GUSBs, is minor at ethanol concentrations which are commonly observed in blood and tiβues after consumption of alcoholic beverages, but predominant at higher concentrations of ethanol. In spite of in vitro characteristics, our observations point to an additional biochemical path and another source of EtG, which should be further evaluated in the context of alcohol biomarker applications. The detection of EtG in several settings independent from of human UGT-metabolism (e.g. EtG post post-collection synthesis in E.coli coli-contaminated urine samples, EtG in wine and ethanolic herbal preparations) can be explained by the described mechanism.

Strengthening of Administrative Responsibility for Offenses Committed in the Presence of Persons under the Age of Sixteen

The object of the study is social relations arising in the field of protection of the rights and legitimate interests of children in the implementation of law enforcement activities by the police. The subject of the study is the impact of the most common administrative offenses committed in public places on the consciousness and behavior of persons under the age of sixteen. The author, through the use of dialectical-legal, social, psychological and pedagogical methods, analyzes the relationship of a set of factors with the consciousness and behavior of children, the formation of deviant behavior in them. The author's main thesis is that children should be protected wherever and with whomever they find themselves, including in the law enforcement sphere, where the police exercise their powers. The author's main conclusions based on the results of the study is that despite the obvious negative consequences for children of committing illegal actions in their presence, the issues of prevention of this phenomenon have not received due attention from specialists and require close attention today. Attention is drawn to the special role of parents in solving the problems of education, on the one hand, and the negative influence of adults who are not related to adolescents and commit administrative offenses, on the other hand. A proposal is being made to tighten administrative responsibility for persons who have committed administrative offenses (petty hooliganism “Article 20.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation”, consumption (drinking) of alcoholic beverages in prohibited places or consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances or intoxicating substances in public places “Article 20.20 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation”) in the presence of persons, under the age of sixteen. The results of the study can be used to study the influence of adults on the formation of the legal culture of minors in the field of road safety.

COVID-19 Pandemic Beverages Consumption Among White and Non-White Older Adults in the United States

ObjectivesThe aim is to examine how consumption of different beverages (i.e., juice, milk, and alcohol) among White and Non-white populations changed since COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted among a national sample of older adults by Qualtrics between August 9 and September 15, 2020, in urban areas across the four U.S. census regions. A total of 9,903 adults 40–100 years old. The online survey included questions on demographic variables and a Dietary Screening Tool (DST) and asked participants to respond to questions from pre-pandemic and pandemic conditions. The internal consistency reliability for the DST was 0.61 and 0.62for the pre-pandemic and pandemic respectively. The beverages were questions about “How often do you drink some kind of juice at breakfast?”, “How often do you drink a glass of milk?”, and “Do you usually drink wine, beer or other alcoholic beverages?”. To analyze the data, pre and post pandemic responses were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and McNamar tests via SPSS software. ResultsParticipants were 75% White and 25% Non-white including African American (14%), Hispanic (4%), and Asian (7%). They were 57% female and 43% male. According to the analysis, juice and milk consumption reduced significantly among non-white participants (P = .007, and P = 0.04) while no change was observed in White participants since the pandemic. Interestingly, Alcoholic beverages consumption significantly reduced among both Non-white (P = 0.05) and White participants (P < .001). Also, according to the gender analysis, both male and female White participants only showed a significantly reduced consumption of alcoholic beverage (P = .02). However, Non-white male participants had significantly reduction in all three beverages (Juice (P = .01), milk (P < .001), and alcoholic beverages (P = .004) while white female participants only consumed a reduced number of alcoholic beverages (P < .001). ConclusionsDifferent beverage consumption were reduced among male Non-white participants since COVID-19 pandemic, while just alcohol consumption was reduced among (male/female White and female Non-white) participant. The reductions in certain beverage consumption may be directly related to financial instability and health knowledge of male Non-white groups. Funding SourcesUSDA/NIFA.

Transgenerational Abnormalities Induced by Paternal Preconceptual Alcohol Drinking: Findings from Humans and Animal Models.

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation is a widespread preventable cause of neurodevelopmental impairment in newborns. While the harmful effects of gestational alcohol use have been well documented, only recently, the role of paternal preconceptual alcohol consumption (PPAC) prior to copulating has drawn specific epigenetic considerations. Data from human and animal models have demonstrated that PPAC may affect sperm function, eliciting oxidative stress. In newborns, PPAC may induce changes in behavior, cognitive functions, and emotional responses. Furthermore, PPAC may elicit neurobiological disruptions, visuospatial impairments, hyperactivity disorders, motor skill disruptions, hearing loss, endocrine, and immune alterations, reduced physical growth, placental disruptions, and metabolic alterations. Neurobiological studies on PPAC have also disclosed changes in brain function and structure by disrupting the growth factors pathways. In particular, as shown in animal model studies, PPAC alters brain nerve growth factor (NGF) and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis and release. This review shows that the crucial topic of lifelong disabilities induced by PPAC and/or gestational alcohol drinking is quite challenging at the individual, societal, and familial levels. Since a nontoxic drinking behavior before pregnancy (for both men and women), during pregnancy, and lactation cannot be established, the only suggestion for couples planning pregnancies is to completely avoid the consumption of alcoholic beverages.