Albicans Growth Research Articles

The Antifungal and Antiviral Activity of Coatings Containing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Verbascum L. or Formitopsis betulina Extracts and Their Influence on the Quality of Strawberries after Storage

The goal of this study was to analyze the antifungal and antiviral activity of coatings based on Formitopsis betulina, Verbascum L. and Uncaria tomentosa extracts with ZnO nanoparticles as active compounds. The other purpose was to investigate the impact of polypropylene bags coated with the obtained antiviral/antifungal coatings on the microbial quality/purity of strawberries. The results of this study showed that the analyzed coatings inhibited Candida albicans growth completely. They did not inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, but they decreased its number. Additionally, all layers demonstrated a high activity against the Φ 6 bacteriophage particles. Analyzing the microbial purity of the strawberries after storage, it was noticed that the modified bags with Verbascum L. (ZnVL) and F. betulina (ZnFb) extracts and the addition of the nano ZnO had a significant effect on the decrease of the total count and on the number of yeast and mold. After 144 h of storage of the strawberries, the ZnVL coating was found to be more effective than the ZnFb layer. However, after 216 h of storage, ZnVL was more active against yeast and mold, but the packaging covered with the ZnFb coating was more effective against bacteria.

Impact of antibiotic usage on flora normal in the gastrointestinal tract

Antibiotics are agents that help to handle infection in humans. The impact of using broad spectrum antibiotics and uncontrollable is resistance. Beside resistance, the use of antibiotics also disturbs normal flora in human body. Impact from normal flora disruption is diarrhea, constipation, even cancer on gastrointestinal. The gastrointestinal normal flora alteration can happen even antibiotic was given from other route as intravenous. The aim of this research was to get information about impact of using antibiotic to gastrointestinal normal flora. This research is qualitative research with narrative review approach. From 64 journals there are 5 journals that aprropriate wih criteria. The data obtained analyzed with narrative descriptive. This result suggest that there is relation using antibiotic to gastrointestinal normal flora. The impact of using antibiotic can profitable or damage. Profitable impact include antibiotic in cognitive functiont, but damage impact emerge in Candida albicans growth and S.aureus and E.coli that high in gastrointestinal so that can disturb gastrointestinal normal flora.

Isobavachalcone exhibits antifungal and antibiofilm effects against C. albicans by disrupting cell wall/membrane integrity and inducing apoptosis and autophagy.

Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a natural flavonoid with multiple pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IBC against planktonic growth and biofilms of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the mechanisms underlying its antifungal action. The cell membrane integrity, cell metabolic viability, and cell morphology of C. albicans treated with IBC were evaluated using CLSM and FESEM analyses. Crystal violet staining, CLSM, and FESEM were used to assess the inhibition of biofilm formation, as well as dispersal and killing effects of IBC on mature biofilms. RNA-seq combined with apoptosis and autophagy assays was used to examine the mechanisms underlying the antifungal action of IBC. IBC exhibited excellent antifungal activity with 8 μg/mL of MIC for C. albicans. IBC disrupted the cell membrane integrity, and inhibited biofilm formation. IBC dispersed mature biofilms and damaged biofilm cells of C. albicans at 32 μg/mL. Moreover, IBC induced apoptosis and autophagy-associated cell death of C. albicans. The RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation or downregulation of key genes involved in cell wall synthesis (Wsc1 and Fks1), ergosterol biosynthesis (Erg3, and Erg11), apoptisis (Hsp90 and Aif1), as well as autophagy pathways (Atg8, Atg13, and Atg17), and so forth, in response to IBC, as evidenced by the experiment-based phenotypic analysis. These results suggest that IBC inhibits C. albicans growth by disrupting the cell wall/membrane, caused by the altered expression of genes associated with β-1,3-glucan and ergosterol biosynthesis. IBC induces apoptosis and autophagy-associated cell death by upregulating the expression of Hsp90, and altering autophagy-related genes involved in the formation of the Atg1 complex and the pre-autophagosomal structure. Together, our findings provide important insights into the potential multifunctional mechanism of action of IBC.

Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans within cross-kingdom biofilms support Candida albicans growth under fluoride and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine.

Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) might affect the ecological balance of biofilms in the presence of fluoride. We used a S. mutans and Candida albicans (C. albicans) cross-kingdom biofilm model to investigate whether fluoride-resistant S. mutans in biofilms would support C. albicans growth under fluoride stress and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine. The impact of fluoride-resistant S. mutans on formation of cross-kingdom biofilms by S. mutans and C. albicans in the presence of fluoride was investigated in vitro using the crystal violet staining assay. Biofilm constitution was determined using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) generation in biofilms was determined by EPS/bacterial dying and water-insoluble polysaccharide detection. Acid production and demineralization were monitored using pH, lactic acid content, and transversal microradiography (TMR). The gene expression of microorganisms in the cross-kingdom biofilm was measured using qRT-PCR. Our results showed that both C. albicans and fluoride-resistant S. mutans grew vigorously, forming robust cross-kingdom biofilms, even in the presence of sodium fluoride (NaF). Moreover, fluoride-resistant S. mutans-containing cross-kingdom biofilms had considerable cariogenic potential for EPS synthesis, acid production, and demineralization ability in the presence of NaF than fluoride-sensitive S. mutans-containing biofilms. Furthermore, the gene expression of microorganisms in the two cross-kingdom biofilms changed dissimilarly in the presence of NaF. In summary, fluoride-resistant S. mutans in cross-kingdom biofilms supported C. albicans growth under fluoride and might attenuate the anti-caries potential of fluorine by maintaining robust cross-kingdom biofilm formation and cariogenic virulence expression in vitro in the presence of NaF.

Potencial of Rice Bran Extract as a Basic Ingridient in Candida albicans Culture Media

Rice bran is a natural material that contains nutrients that serves as a fungal growth factor, can be used as an alternative media base for fungal growth. The aim of this research is to determine the potential of rice bran as an alternative medium for the growth of Candida albicans. The research design employed an experiment that compared the growth of Candida albicans on rice bran extract media and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) media. The sample is rice bran powder obtained from rice mills and rice bran extract was made using a multi-stage pretreatment method. The rice bran extract was used to create Rice bran Agar (RBA) and Rice bran Liquid (RBC) media, while SDA dan (SDB) media were also prepared. The media were inoculated with Candida albicans, incubated, and observed for 5 days. Data analysis included the measurement of fungal colony diameter using One Way Anova and Candida albicans biomass using an independent t-test. The research findings indicate that the average diameter of fungal colonies on RBA extract media was 10.4 mm, whereas it was 12.3 mm on SDA media. The Anova and Post Hoc Tukey HSD results demonstrated significant daily differences in colony diameter on RBA media, indicating notable Candida albicans growth. Conversely, there was no significant difference in colony diameter on SDA media. The biomass average of Candida albicans on RBC media was 0.82 g, compared to 0.45 g on SDB media. The Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05) indicated a significant contrast in the average dry weight of Candida albicans biomass, with RBC media being heavier than SDB media. The conclusion is RBA and RBC media have the ability to grow Candida albicans which can be used as an alternative to SDA and SDB media.

Complex magnetic fields represent an eco-sustainable technology to counteract the resistant Candida albicans growth without affecting the human gingival fibroblasts

Novel technologies such as complex magnetic fields—CMFs represent an eco-sustainable proposal to counteract the infection associated to resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two CMF programs (STRESS, ANTIBACTERIAL) against clinical antifungal resistant C. albicans also evaluating their uneffectiveness on gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). The STRESS program was more efficacious on C. albicans biofilm with up to 64.37% ± 10.80 of biomass and up to 99.19% ± 0.06 CFU/ml reductions in respect to the control also inducing an alteration of lipidic structure of the membrane. The MTT assay showed no CMFs negative effects on the viability of hGFs with a major ROS production with the ANTIBACTERIAL program at 3 and 24 h. For the wound healing assay, STRESS program showed the best effect in terms of the rate migration at 24 h, showing statistical significance of p < 0.0001. The toluidine-blue staining observations showed the typical morphology of cells and the presence of elongated and spindle-shaped with cytoplasmic extensions and lamellipodia was observed by SEM. The ANTIBACTERIAL program statistically increased the production of collagen with respect to control and STRESS program (p < 0.0001). CMFs showed a relevant anti-virulence action against C. albicans, no cytotoxicity effects and a high hGFs migration rate. The results of this study suggest that CMFs could represent a novel eco-sustainable strategy to counteract the resistant yeast biofilm infections.

Green synthesis of biogenic selenium nanoparticles functionalized with ginger dietary extract targeting virulence factor and biofilm formation in Candida albicans

To treat the systemic infections caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans), various drugs have been used, however, infections still persisted due to virulence factors and increasing antifungal resistance. As a solution to this problem, we synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) by using Bacillus cereus bacteria. This is the first study to report a higher (70 %) reduction of selenite ions into SeNPs in under 6 h. The as-synthesized, biogenic SeNPs were used to deliver bioactive constituents of aqueous extract of ginger for inhibiting the growth and biofilm (virulence factors) in C. albicans. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a characteristic absorption at 280 nm, and Raman spectroscopy showed a characteristic peak shift at 253 cm−1 for the biogenic SeNPs. The synthesized SeNPs are spherical with 240–250 nm in size as determined by electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the functionalization of antifungal constituents of ginger over the SeNPs (formation of Ginger@SeNPs nanoconjugates). In contrast to biogenic SeNPs, nanoconjugates were active against C. albicans for inhibiting growth and biofilm formation. In order to reveal antifungal mechanism of nanoconjugates', real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed, according to RT-PCR analysis, the nanoconjugates target virulence genes involved in C. albicans hyphae and biofilm formation. Nanoconjugates inhibited 25 % growth of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cell line, indicating moderate cytotoxicity of active nanoconjugates in an in-vitro cytotoxicity study. Therefore, biogenic SeNPs conjugated with ginger dietary extract may be a potential antifungal agent and drug carrier for inhibiting C. albicans growth and biofilm formation.

Sub-lethal concentrations of chlorhexidine inhibit Candida albicans growth by disrupting ROS and metal ion homeostasis

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is a normal resident of the human oral cavity. It is also the most common fungal pathogen, causing various oral diseases, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent widely used in dental practice and has been recommended to treat oral candidiasis. However, its action mechanism against the fungal pathogen C. albicans remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CHG at sub-lethal concentrations against C. albicans. CHG inhibited the growth of C. albicans in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cells treated with CHG exhibited altered membrane permeability, reduced metabolic activity, and enhanced metal ion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Copper-sensing transcription factor Mac1, iron-sensing transcription factors Sfu1 and Sef2, and copper transporter Ctr1 regulated intracellular metal ion and ROS homeostasis in response to CHG. Deletion of MAC1, SFU1, or SEF2 increased intracellular ROS production and cell susceptibility to CHG. This study revealed a novel mechanism by which CHG induced apoptosis of C. albicans cells through the disruption of metal ion and ROS homeostasis, which may help to identify new targets for fungal infections.

Glycerophosphocholine provision rescues Candida albicans growth and signaling phenotypes associated with phosphate limitation.

Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated species from patients suffering from invasive fungal disease. C. albicans is most commonly a commensal organism colonizing a variety of niches in the human host. The fungus must compete for resources with the host flora to acquire essential nutrients such as phosphate. Phosphate acquisition and homeostasis have been shown to play a key role in C. albicans virulence, with several genes involved in these processes being required for normal virulence and several being upregulated during infection. In addition to inorganic phosphate (Pi), C. albicans can utilize the lipid-derived metabolite glycerophosphocholine (GPC) as a phosphate source. As GPC is available within the human host, we examined the role of GPC in phosphate homeostasis in C. albicans. We find that GPC can substitute for Pi by many though not all criteria and is likely a relevant physiological phosphate source for C. albicans.

Potential of cavendish banana peels as a fungal growth media

Introduction: Banana peels are often discarded without further use. Whereas each banana peel contains nutrients that are quite high depending on the ripeness of the banana fruit. This has the potential to use banana peels as a medium for fungal growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of banana peel as a growth medium for the test fungi, namely Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans. Method: The type of research is experimental with variations in the mass of banana peels. The potency of banana peel media was evaluated by the growth of the test fungus which was expressed quantitatively by growth diameter and number of colonies. While the qualitative evaluation was carried out by observing the morphology of the test fungus colonies on banana peel media. The gold standard media used in this study were Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) for Aspergillus, and Potato dextrose agar (PDA) for Candida. Incubation for Candida albicans growth was carried out at 48 hours, while Aspergillus growth was incubated for up to 10 days. The data obtained were analyzed using Mann-Whitney. Result: The results showed that the banana peel media could be overgrown with the test fungus. Candida albicans showed the best results in the 3% (w/v) variant, while Aspergillus fumigatus grew optimally at the 2% (w/v) variant. Aspergillus flavus was best at the 1% (w/v) variant. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, banana peels media can be used for the growth media of the tested fungi, and it is recommended to use the 2% (w/v) variant so that it can be used to grow all the tested fungi in this research.

Color Stability, Physical Properties and Antifungal Effects of ZrO2 Additions to Experimental Maxillofacial Silicones: Comparisons with TiO2

(1) Background: Color changes, physical degradation, and fungal infections are challenges to the longevity of maxillofacial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers. This study aimed to evaluate color changes, physical properties, and antifungal properties of PDMS loaded with ZrO2 and TiO2 submicron- and nano-sized particles. (2) Methods: A 1% weight of 40 nm or 200 nm diameter ZrO2 or TiO2 nanoparticles was mixed into PDMS with 2% functional intrinsic yellow pigment and polymerized. Control materials contained 13% weight 200 nm silica. Samples were exposed to 3000 h of UVB radiation (200 µW/cm2) or darkness. Color parameters L*a*b* and ∆Eab*, ultimate tensile strength, strain, elastic modulus, and Shore A hardness were measured. Candida albicans growth was measured using XTT and confocal microscopy, and data were analyzed with the Dunnett test (p &lt; 0.01). (3) Results: TiO2 200 nm showed the least color change after 3000 h of UVB radiation, followed by TiO2 40 nm (p &lt; 0.05). The silica-containing control group was superior in all physical property measurements due to higher additive content (p &lt; 0.05). TiO2-containing materials exhibited significantly lower C. albicans growth (p &lt; 0.01) than those loaded with ZrO2 or SiO2. (4) Conclusions: TiO2 nanoparticles of 40 nm and 200 nm, when added to pigmented PDMS at 1% weight, provided the best resistance to color change and significantly lowered C. albicans activity compared to silica- and zirconia-filled elastomers. Particle size differences rendered minor differences for most properties. The incorporation of low-level submicron- and nano-sized TiO2 particles has the potential to improve color stability and antifungal activity in silicones designated for maxillofacial prostheses and may be extended to denture reline applications.

A19-saponin–modified polymethyl methacrylate base denture composites: antimicrobial, mechanical and water absorption potentials

Abstract The increased growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans) with allergy reaction of MMA remains an issue of concern among denture wearers. C. albicans growth inhibition, mechanical and water absorption potentials of extracted A19-saponin–commingled PMMA denture base composites were investigated. Soxhlet extraction technique for defatting of Dialium guineense (D. guineense) stem powder was used with ethanol to extract A19-saponin. Fungicidal inhibition concentration of A19-saponin extract of D. guineense was determined. PMMA denture base was prepared with incorporation of A19-saponin at different concentrations of obtained 23.2 % yield. The mechanical and water absorption properties were determined. The minimum and maximum fungicidal inhibition concentrations and susceptibility of 25 and 100 % for extracted A19-saponin were obtained, respectively. PMMA, MMA and extracted A19-saponin of ratio of 30 g: 5 ml: 5 ml denture was optimally fabricated. A19-saponin increased the impact strength and hardness by 352.94 and 11.54 % with reduced water absorption by 82.85 %. Thus, A19-saponin as an additive improved quality of denture.

Dehydrocostus lactone inhibits Candida albicans growth and biofilm formation

Candida albicans infections are threatening public health but there are only several antifungal drugs available. This study was to assess the effects of dehydrocostus lactone (DL) on the Candida albicans growth and biofilms Microdilution assays revealed that DL inhibits a panel of standard Candida species, including C. albicans, as well as 9 C. albicans clinical isolates. The morphological transition of C. albicans in RPMI-1640 medium and the adhesion to polystyrene surfaces can also be decreased by DL treatment, as evidenced by microscopic, metabolic activity and colony forming unit (CFU) counting assays. The XTT assay and microscopy inspection demonstrated that DL can inhibit the biofilms of C. albicans. Confocal microscopy following propidium iodide (PI) staining and DCFH-DA staining after DL treatment revealed that DL can increase the membrane permeability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. N-acetyl-cysteine could mitigate the inhibitory effects of DL on growth, morphological transition and biofilm formation, further confirming that ROS production induced by DL contributes to its antifungal and antibiofilm effects. This study showed that DL demonstrated antifungal and antibiofilm activity against C. albicans. The antifungal mechanisms may involve membrane damage and ROS overproduction. This study shows the potential of DL to fight Candida infections.

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Antagonizes Candida albicans Growth and Protects Intestinal Cells from C. albicans-Mediated Damage.

Candida albicans is a pathobiont of the gastrointestinal tract. It can contribute to the diversity of the gut microbiome without causing harmful effects. When the immune system is compromised, C. albicans can damage intestinal cells and cause invasive disease. We hypothesize that a therapeutic approach against C. albicans infections can rely on the antimicrobial properties of probiotic bacteria. We investigated the impact of the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) on C. albicans growth and its ability to cause damage to intestinal cells. In co-culture kinetic assays, C. albicans abundance gradually decreased over time compared with C. albicans abundance in the absence of EcN. Quantification of C. albicans survival suggests that EcN exerts a fungicidal activity. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) collected from C. albicans-EcN co-culture mildly altered C. albicans growth, suggesting the involvement of an EcN-released compound. Using a model of co-culture in the presence of human intestinal epithelial cells, we further show that EcN prevents C. albicans from damaging enterocytes both distantly and through direct contact. Consistently, both C. albicans's filamentous growth and microcolony formation were altered by EcN. Taken together, our study proposes that probiotic-strain EcN can be exploited for future therapeutic approaches against C. albicans infections.

Application of organoselenium in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilm adhesion on 3D printed denture base material.

Denture Stomatitis, a chronic mucosal inflammation associated with Candida albicans, is common among denture wearers. Several health conditions have been linked to chronic Candida infections. The complex, multifactorial nature of denture stomatitis requires the continuous pursuit of effective long-term solutions. The present in vitro study investigated the effect of incorporating organoselenium into 3D-printed denture base resin on C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation. Thirty disks were fabricated using 3D-printed denture base resin and assigned to three experimental groups (10/group): disks without organoselenium (control), disks with 0.5% organoselenium (0.5%SE), and disks with 1% organoselenium (1%SE). Each disk was incubated with approximately 1 × 106 cells/mL of C. albicans for 48 h. Microbial viability (CFU/mL) was quantified by the spread plate method, while Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope were performed for quantifying the biofilm thickness and examining biofilm morphology, respectively. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. CFU/mL was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Control when compared with 0.5%SE and 1%SE, but no significant difference between 0.5%SE and 1%SE. A similar trend was observed with biofilm thickness except that there was no significant difference between the Control and 0.5%SE. There was C. albicans biofilm adhesion on the Control disks, with yeast cells and hyphae formation, whereas on 0.5%SE and 1%SE, there was inhibition of yeast cells transition to hyphae formation. Incorporation of organoselenium into 3D-printed denture base resin was effective in reducing C. albicans biofilm formation and growth on denture base material.

Exploring the Potential of Extracts from Sloanea medusula and S. calva: Formulating Two Skincare Gels with Antioxidant, Sun Protective Factor, and Anti-Candida albicans Activities.

Sloanea is a plant genus, native to tropical regions, used in medicinal practices for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, sun protective factor (SPF), and antifungal of extracts obtained from two species of Sloanea and to develop extract-based gels with antioxidants, photoprotective, and anti-Candida albicans effects. Ethanolic extracts from S. medusula and S. calva collected in Chocó, Colombia, were used for antioxidant activity and SPF determination using the DPPH assay and the Mansur equation, respectively. Extracts were characterized using HPLC-MS and used to prepare the gels. The viscosity of the extract-based gels was evaluated using an MCR92 rheometer. In addition, the anti-Candida activity of extracts against five yeasts and anti-C. albicans of gels were evaluated following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27, 4th Edition. High DPPH radical scavenging activity (42.4% and 44.7%) and a high SPF value (32.5 and 35.4) were obtained for the extracts of S. medusula and S. calva, respectively. Similarly, extract-based gels showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity of 54.5% and 53.0% and maximum SPF values of 60 and 57. Extract from S. medusula showed an important antifungal activity against C. albicans (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/mL). In contrast, S. calva extract was active against C. krusei, C. albicans (MIC of 2 µg/mL) and C. tropicalis (MIC of 4 µg/mL). Sloanea medusula gel (0.15%) exhibited an important C. albicans growth inhibition (98%), while with S. calva gel (0.3%) growth inhibition was slightly lower (76%). Polyphenolic and triterpenoid compounds were tentatively identified for S. medusula and S. calva, respectively. Both extracts can be considered promising sources for developing photoprotective gels to treat skin infections caused by C. albicans.

Νanomaterial-Loaded Polymer Coating Prevents the In Vitro Growth of Candida albicans Biofilms on Silicone Biomaterials.

Early failure of silicone voice prostheses resulting from fungal colonization and biofilm formation poses a major concern in modern ear nose throat surgery. Therefore, developing new infection prevention techniques to prolong those implants' survivorship is crucial. We designed an in vitro laboratory study to include nanomaterial-enhanced polymer coating with a plasma spraying technique against Candida albicans growth to address this issue. The anti-biofilm effects of high- and low-dose Al2O3 nanowire and TiO2 nanoparticle coatings were studied either alone or in conjunction with each other using checkerboard testing. It was demonstrated that both nanomaterials were capable of preventing fungal biofilm formation regardless of the anti-fungal agent concentration (median absorbance for high-dose Al2O3-enhanced polymer coating was 0.176 [IQR = 0.207] versus control absorbance of 0.805 [IQR = 0.381], p = 0.003 [98% biofilm reduction]; median absorbance for high-dose TiO2-enhanced polymer coating was 0.186 [IQR = 0.024] versus control absorbance of 0.766 [IQR = 0.458], p < 0.001 [93% biofilm reduction]). Furthermore, synergy was revealed when the Bliss model was applied. According to the findings of this work, it seems that simultaneous consideration of Al2O3 and TiO2 could further increase the existing antibiofilm potential of these nanomaterials and decrease the likelihood of localized toxicity.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang isolasi dan uji aktivitas antifungi ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima merah (Punica granatum L.) terhadap Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder apa saja yang bisa diisolasi dari kulit buah delima merah dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antifungal ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima merah terhadap Candida albicans serta untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak etanol yang

The research about isolation and antifungal activity test of ethanol extract of Punica granatum L peel towards Candida albicans’ has been done. The objectives of this study are to determine any secondary metabolite compounds that can be isolated from Punica granatum L peel, to determine antifungal activity of Punica granatum L peel extract and to determine the most effective concentration to inhibit Candida albicans growth. Based on phytochemical test result, it can be concluded that secondary metabolite compounds contained in Punica granatum L peel extract are flavonoide and tannin. The process was continued by TLC and PTLC. Based on TLC process, eluent with best separation was methanol:ethyl acetate (3:1) with 0,44 and 0,51 as the Rf values. The eluent from the following TLC was used for PTLC process. PTLC results showed one round spots, the yellow one with Rf value = 0,77. The following process was antifungal activity test using agar diffusion method and Candida albicans was used for this purpose. The antifungal testing process was done by varying the concentration of Punica granatum L peel extract to 10%, 20%, 40% and 50%. The result showed that the four concentrations can inhibit the Candida albicans’ growth, indicated by transparent zone surrounding the concentration. One way Anova results Fcount&gt; Ftable = 116,709727 &gt; 5,064, it indicates that there is significant influence of various concentration to resistivity zone diameter. The process continued by analyzing the most effective concentration using multiple Tukey comparative test with 1% significance level. The result showed that the most effective concentration to inhibit Candida albicans growth was 50% Punica granatum L peel extract with its resistivity capacity is 22,26 mm

Inhibitory effects of vaginal Lactobacilli on Candida albicans growth, hyphal formation, biofilm development, and epithelial cell adhesion.

Antifungal agents are not always efficient in resolving vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a common genital infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida spp., including Candida albicans, or in preventing recurrent infections. Although lactobacilli (which are dominant microorganisms constituting healthy human vaginal microbiota) are important barriers against VVC, the Lactobacillus metabolite concentration needed to suppress VVC is unknown. We quantitatively evaluated Lactobacillus metabolite concentrations to determine their effect on Candida spp., including 27 vaginal strains of Lactobacillus crispatus, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, with inhibitory abilities against biofilms of C. albicans clinical isolates. Lactobacillus culture supernatants suppressed viable fungi by approximately 24%-92% relative to preformed C. albicans biofilms; however, their suppression differed among strains and not species. A moderate negative correlation was found between Lactobacillus lactate production and biofilm formation, but no correlation was observed between hydrogen peroxide production and biofilm formation. Both lactate and hydrogen peroxide were required to suppress C. albicans planktonic cell growth. Lactobacillus strains that significantly inhibited biofilm formation in culture supernatant also inhibited C. albicans adhesion to epithelial cells in an actual live bacterial adhesion competition test. Healthy human microflora and their metabolites may play important roles in the development of new antifungal agent against C. albicans-induced VVC.

α,ω-Diacyl-Substituted Analogues of Natural and Unnatural Polyamines: Identification of Potent Bactericides That Selectively Target Bacterial Membranes.

In this study, α-ω-disubstituted polyamines exhibit a range of potentially useful biological activities, including antimicrobial and antibiotic potentiation properties. We have prepared an expanded set of diarylbis(thioureido)polyamines that vary in central polyamine core length, identifying analogues with potent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida albicans growth inhibition properties, in addition to the ability to enhance action of doxycycline towards Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The observation of associated cytotoxicity/hemolytic properties prompted synthesis of an alternative series of diacylpolyamines that explored aromatic head groups of varying lipophilicity. Examples bearing terminal groups each containing two phenyl rings (15a-f, 16a-f) were found to have optimal intrinsic antimicrobial properties, with MRSA being the most susceptible organism. A lack of observed cytotoxicity or hemolytic properties for all but the longest polyamine chain variants identified these as non-toxic Gram-positive antimicrobials worthy of further study. Analogues bearing either one or three aromatic-ring-containing head groups were either generally devoid of antimicrobial properties (one ring) or cytotoxic/hemolytic (three rings), defining a rather narrow range of head group lipophilicity that affords selectivity for Gram-positive bacterial membranes versus mammalian. Analogue 15d is bactericidal and targets the Gram-positive bacterial membrane.