Alan Peacock Research Articles

Creative and cultural industries in Europe – case study of the performing arts in Romania

Abstract Culture is one of the most important aspects of being human alongside education. A very interesting way of approaching the issue of culture is understanding the importance of the art in everyday life. Alan Peacock, one the first pioneers of the term cultural economy, was a man of the arts who understood the importance of culture, not only in life, but in economy. Many writers in the 1960s identified some opportunities in engaging in the cultural and arts industries. As we know, cultural goods have an economic value and an artistic value. The evaluation of artistic goods or products is made only after it is consumed by clients or customers. The world of cultural services is large and forgiving with non-professionals. The use of cultural policies in today’s European Union, United States of America and Asia is very important because of the positive spillover it causes. Creating cultural policies and dedicating funds specifically for this started in the 1980s with the implication of UNESCO. Cultural policies not only help preserve cultural sites and heritage, but offers a broader strategy that envelops both cultural goods and cultural services. The cultural marketing concept refers to the art of using marketing tactics and strategies in order to promote and develop the cultural and artistic industries or sectors. The same instruments are used but the way in which they are used is very different. The performing arts sector is ever changing and it needs a new marketing mix approach to connect to new audiences. Artists need to work closely with business and management professionals in order to have the best representation off stage.

NEOLIBERAL ECONOMISTS AND THE BRITISH WELFARE STATE, 1942–1975

Liberal economists’ attitudes towards the welfare state are examined to see how clearly neoliberalism can be distinguished from other forms of liberalism. Three questions are asked. First, how could Friedrich Hayek believe he could accommodate elements of the welfare state agenda set by William Beveridge and John Maynard Keynes into his thinking? Second, why did Hayek become increasingly critical of the welfare state? Third, how far did Lionel Robbins, John Jewkes, and Alan Peacock agree with him? All three might be regarded as neoliberals according to the litmus test set by Philip Mirowski and Dieter Plehwe: that is, membership of the Mont Pèlerin Society or a think tank associated with the Atlas Economic Research Foundation. Yet, Robbins, Jewkes, and Peacock are on a spectrum between Mirowski’s definition of neoliberalism as a belief that freedom is to be found in the unfettered market, and classical and democratic liberals’ belief that people have to be nurtured to become effective citizens and have to be protected from the market’s disruptive effects. It is suggested that a nuanced approach is required in explaining why liberal economists came to believe the welfare state should make more use of markets and pricing systems for registering preferences and apportioning resources.

In memoriam Alan Peacock: a pioneer in cultural economics

Alan Peacock had a long and very distinguished career in economics, as an adviser to the UK government, as a university administrator and as Chairman of the Scottish Arts Council. He remains a towering figure in cultural economics and was one of the earliest contributors to our subject, in which he worked for over 40 years. He became the first ACEI Distinguished Fellow in 1996, one among the many honours and awards that he received. There have been many obituaries of Alan Peacock and an account of his huge and varied contribution to economics and indeed of his other activities is beyond our scope. Therefore, we concentrate on his contribution to cultural economics and his activities in the arts more generally. The task is certainly made the easier as Alan was a dedicated writer on his interest in these topics, as many readers will know from his Paying the Piper (1993). He continued to do valuable work in cultural economics, particularly in the economics of heritage, until only a year or so before he died. Before turning to his work in cultural economics, we offer a brief sketch of the beliefs and principles that motivated Alan Peacock’s work in economics and, one might almost say, his life. First and foremost he was a classical liberal following in the footsteps of his fellow Scot, Adam Smith. This philosophy has come to be debased as simply a belief in small government and free markets, but Alan was truly liberal in all he thought and did; he was open to new ideas, hated hypocrisy and

Broadcasting and market-driven politics in the UK and Germany: the Peacock Committee in comparative perspective

When, from the 1980s onwards, market-driven politics won widespread recognition in liberal capitalist Western democracies, processes of broadcasting marketization in the UK and Germany were decisively determined by two inquiries: the Committee on the Financing of the BBC, chaired by Alan Peacock, and the Commission for the Development of the Technical Communications System (KtK), chaired by Eberhard Witte. This article compares how both inquiries, driven by their chairmen, affected domestic communications policy-making. The research is situated within a critical political economy framework and it is argued that critiques from scholars within cultural policy depicting Alan Peacock and the inquiry he chaired as driven by a narrowly economistic understanding of broadcasting are partly unjustified. As the comparison with the radical restructuring pursued by Eberhard Witte brings to the fore, Peacock, in fact followed a moderate reform agenda of gradual change, aiming to preserve some core cultural elements within public service broadcasting.

ANXIOUS TO DO GOOD: LEARNING TO BE AN ECONOMIST THE HARD WAY ‐ by Alan Peacock

Public AdministrationVolume 89, Issue 3 p. 1205-1205 ANXIOUS TO DO GOOD: LEARNING TO BE AN ECONOMIST THE HARD WAY - by Alan Peacock Adrian Kay, Adrian Kay Australian National UniversitySearch for more papers by this author Adrian Kay, Adrian Kay Australian National UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 September 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01952_3.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume89, Issue3September 2011Pages 1205-1205 RelatedInformation

Children Learning Outside the Classroom: From Birth to Eleven

352 Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 21 No. 1 (2011) ISSN: 1546-2250 Children Learning Outside the Classroom: From Birth to Eleven Waite, Sue (2001). London: Sage; 236 pages. $35.95. ISBN 9780857020482. It is a pleasure to provide a review for Children Learning Outside the Classroom: From Birth to Eleven, edited by Sue Waite. The book will be of significant value to teachers and teacher educators. In the introduction, Waite notes “that despite evangelical texts extolling the benefits of the outdoors for very young children and a research literature on outdoor education, there was relatively little theory underpinning how and why learning outside the classroom might be beneficial and for what.” Amongst the many other things it achieves, the book examines this issue and provides a theoretical perspective for outdoors education in a way that is accessible and informative to practitioners. In 15 chapters the book covers a very diverse range of topics related to outdoor education. The introductory chapter by Sue Waite and Nick Pratt explores the relationship between learning and place, particularly the psychological and social issues, to provide some theoretical perspective on learning outdoors. The chapter begins by asking the reader to reflect on the concept of place and provides a set of simple questions that allow teachers to evaluate the appropriateness of place and pedagogy—including what is possibly the key question: What are we trying to teach/learn in any given place? The remaining chapters are arranged in three sections. Section 1, entitled “Early Years Practice – Reaching Out,” begins with a chapter by Valerie Huggins and Karen Wickett on outdoors education with very young children (crawlers and toddlers), including the rationale for this approach (e.g., the stimulation of senses and motor skills), the practicalities of organizing outdoor experiences for this age group, and dealing with risk. An important distinction is drawn between risk-taking behavior and hazardous behavior, with the former being viewed positively as part of children’s normal development. The two other chapters in this section deal with the local community as a learning environment for very young children and outdoor learning during the transition from foundation to the first year of the national curriculum. Section 2, entitled “Learning Outside the Classroom the Curriculum for Primary Aged Children,” comprises six chapters that illustrate how outdoors learning can be used in various areas of the curriculum. Many aspects of the curriculum are covered in this section and practitioners are provided with extensive practical suggestions for integrating outdoor education into each area. 353 The final section, entitled “Outside the Box,” explores some alternative types of outdoor provision. This includes a chapter by Tony Rea on residential centers, which provides a critical analysis of the experiences they offer students. This is followed Rowena Passy and Sue Waite’s exploration of the learning experiences offered by school gardens and forest schools, which is strongly linked to the concept of sustainability. A chapter on National Parks by Dave Gurnett, Linda la Velle and Sue Waite uses a number of case studies based on Exmoor in the south west of England to exemplify how such an environment can be used to provide strong positive memories for children as well as effective learning experiences in a range of curricular areas. Managed learning spaces such as botanical gardens, museums and science centers are examined in a chapter by Alan Peacock. This author points to the importance of collaboration between teachers and the learning professionals employed in these managed learning spaces in order to obtain benefit for all involved. In the final chapter, entitled “Making a Difference: Learning on a Grand Scale,” Sue Waite revisits a number of the chapters and emphasizes the link to theory throughout the book before emphasizing the benefits of outdoor learning in relation to the psychological and socio-cultural planes of focus. In the concluding sections she argues that, “By introducing children to learning in contexts other than schools, they gain a clearer understanding that the purpose of education is not simply bounded by the school and the goals assessed and measured within that, which tends to lead to an instrumental approach to learning.” This is a statement with which I concur wholeheartedly. All of...

Anxious to Do Good: Learning to Be an Economist the Hard Way – By Alan Peacock

Anxious to Do Good: Learning to Be an Economist the Hard Way – By Alan Peacock

Public economics and history of economic thought: a personal memoir

Alan Peacock describes his entry into postwar British Economics, as an undergraduate at St. Andrews and a lecturer at London School of Economics. His personal involvement with, and development of, Public Economics is outlined.

Alan Peacock and Ilde Rizzo: The heritage game

Alan Peacock and Ilde Rizzo: The heritage game

Alan Peacock and Cultural Economics

Professor Sir Alan Peacock has worked in cultural economics for over 35 years and he pioneered much of what is now the core subject matter of the field. This paper traces the development of his theoretical work on the economics of the arts, heritage and broadcasting, and shows how it interacted with his role as adviser to and chairman of several prestigious committees in the cultural sector. 'Subsidising the Arts involves the same kind of issues as subsidising particular industries or services in the economy, however distasteful this may seem to those who are conditioned to think in terms of a moral ordering of consumption expenditure ... Apart from any predisposition of the author to oppose paternalism, the assertion of any imposed value judgements is too easy a way of deriving support for public intervention designed to give the public not what it wants but what it ought to have!' (Peacock, 1969, p. 323). For a minor field of economics, cultural economics - the economics of the arts, heritage and cultural industries - has been blest with the attention of some major players: besides Keynes, Robbins and Baumol, whose contributions are sketched below, Ashenfelter, Boulding, Caves, Feldstein, Galbraith, Rosen, Scherer, Scitovsky and Shubik have all actively engaged in it, and Coase may also be included on account of his work on broadcasting. Some topics in cultural economics, such as museum entry charges, the finance of public service broadcasting and the size of the subsidy to opera, seem to be perennially controversial and the growing interest in cultural industries and the role of copyright look set to experience a similar future. As with other areas of applied economics, such as the economics of education, of the environment and of health, the analytical basis of cultural economics is welfare economics. It is no surprise, therefore, to find Peacock with his combined interest in welfare economics and cultural policy in this august company. Indeed, he may rightly be called primus inter pares, for he has arguably contributed to more areas of cultural economics than any of the others. Alan Peacock has had a long career as an economist, university teacher, university administrator, government adviser and arts administrator. He also has been an active composer and musician. He has continuously worked in cultural economics since the mid-1960s, having a seminal influence on its development, particularly, but by no means only, in the UK; he was in at the start of the subject and is still contributing to it. He has written his autobiography as a cultural economist, Paying the Piper (Peacock, 1993), in which he lays out his lifelong commitment to applying economics to understanding the arts, drawing on his * This paper was originally written for the Luce conference on 'Economists' case for government support of the Arts' organised in 2002 by Neil De Marchi and Crauford Goodwin of Duke University. I am grateful to Alan Peacock for his factual corrections to this article; also to William Baumol, Mark Blaug and Muriel Nissel for their helpful comments on an earlier draft and to three referees for theirs.

Public Service Broadcasting Without the BBC?

Eighteen years ago, Professor Sir Alan Peacock made radical proposals in a report commissioned by the then Government on the future funding of the BBC. These proposals involved making subscription to the BBC voluntary but providing a fund that would finance public service broadcasting on a competitive basis. The report was widely acclaimed, as its proposals would help ensure quality programming within the context of a competitive broadcasting market. It is widely recognized that the technology is now available to make Peacock's vision a reality. In the context of the Government's review of the BBC's charter and the broadcasting regulator's review of public service broadcasting, this timely contribution once again puts the existing model of broadcasting to the test. Peacock shows how his radical ideas can now be implemented in practice. He also proposes a new corporate model for the BBC that will make it independent of the state but not fully commercial.

The Poetry of Michael Longley

Micheal Longley's status as a poet resident in Belfast throughout the Troubles has been of talismanic importance over the last three decades. This volume, the first book devoted entirely to Longley's work, brings together a number of experts on Longley and Irish poetry in general--Michael Allen, Terence Brown, Neil Corcoran, Douglas Dunn, Elmer Kennedy-Andrews, Peter McDonald, Alan Peacock, and Robert Welch. Through a variety of thematic, contextual and technial approaches it examines the whole of his career up to and including his latest volume, The Weather in Japan (2000).

Sir Alan Peacock (ed.), Does The Past Have a Future? The Political Economy of Heritage; Michael Hutter and Ilde Rizzo (eds.), Economic Perspectives on Cultural Heritage

Sir Alan Peacock (ed.), Does The Past Have a Future? The Political Economy of Heritage; Michael Hutter and Ilde Rizzo (eds.), Economic Perspectives on Cultural Heritage

The Communitarian Attack on Economics

KyklosVolume 52, Issue 4 p. 497-510 The Communitarian Attack on Economics Alan Peacock, Alan Peacock Prof., Edinburgh Business School, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK and David Hume Institute, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK. This paper is an extended version of one first presented to the Herbert Giersch Foundation in Frankfurt on I October 1998. I am grateful to the Foundation for that opportunity. I have received much encouragement and tangible help from my former colleagues at the University of Buckingham, Norman Barry, Mark Blaug and Martin Ricketts and from Brian Main, University of Edinburgh. The reader's attention is also drawn to the excellent critique of anti-individualist views in Samuel Brittan's essay In Defence of Individualism’ (Brittan 1998) which deals with similar issues to those considered in this paper and in his usual compelling fashion. None of these kind persons is committed to the use I have made of their advice.Search for more papers by this author Alan Peacock, Alan Peacock Prof., Edinburgh Business School, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK and David Hume Institute, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK. This paper is an extended version of one first presented to the Herbert Giersch Foundation in Frankfurt on I October 1998. I am grateful to the Foundation for that opportunity. I have received much encouragement and tangible help from my former colleagues at the University of Buckingham, Norman Barry, Mark Blaug and Martin Ricketts and from Brian Main, University of Edinburgh. The reader's attention is also drawn to the excellent critique of anti-individualist views in Samuel Brittan's essay In Defence of Individualism’ (Brittan 1998) which deals with similar issues to those considered in this paper and in his usual compelling fashion. None of these kind persons is committed to the use I have made of their advice.Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 May 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1999.tb00230.xCitations: 1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume52, Issue4November 1999Pages 497-510 RelatedInformation

Poetry in Contemporary Irish Literature

This is the second of four collections of essays published under the general title Studies in Contemporary Irish Literature which are devoted to critical analysis of Irish writing since the 1950s. Essays in this collection establish some of the defining characteristics of contemporary Irish poetry, examine common features of several groups of poets and present focused analyses of twelve individual poets. The contributors are Elmer Andrews, Rand Brandes, Rory Brennan, Terence Brown, Richard Allen Cave, Tom Clyde, Gerald Dawe, Peter Denman, Maurice Elliott, Eamon Grennan, Edna Longley, Caoimhin MacGiolla Leith, Kathleen McCracken, Peter McDonald, Ron Marken, Gerardine Meaney, Dennis O'Driscoll, Bernard O' Donoghuem Alan Peacock, Linda Revie, Robert Tracy, Stan Smith and Clair Wills.

Children's Learning from Science Texts: A Critique of ‘EXIT into Understanding’

AbstractThis article is a reply to an earlier article published in Reading Volume 29 (1) in which David Wray and Maureen Lewis outlined their EXIT model for describing the process of children learning from text. Here Alan Peacock, a science specialist with a particular interest in the use of texts in developing countries, questions the applicability of the EXIT model to children's reading of science texts in other contexts. He rightly makes the point that not enough research has been carried out into the use of texts in various curriculum areas and in various contexts and his article is a challenge to begin such extended research.

The “manifest destiny” of the performing arts by A. Peacock

In his introduction Sir Alan Peacock says that he cannot offer as an excuse for writing his paper that he has something original to say about BaumoFs cost disease or the prospects of the performing arts. This could have put me in a veiy comfortable position because Sir Alan offers me a very good excuse for writing the comment on his paper that there isn't anything original to it. Unfortunately, quite the opposite is true, it is hard to find among Peacock's numerous writings one that does not offer original ideas. Looking for an analogy between Malthus' model of economic development and Baumol's model of unbalanced growth is a very interesting and stimulating thought. It is amazing how Peacock succeeds in keeping up the apparent parallel, and it is also challenging for the reader to look for further parallels concerning the destiny of the performing arts. In my short comment I would like to start with a rather optimistic scenario for the future development of the performing arts and finish with a few comments on the basic income issue.

The rhetoric of liberty

For a long time now, of course, intellectuals have been trying to avoid rhetoric in defense of liberty. They might as well avoid mere reasoning or mere speaking. The defenses are commonly set in the axiom-and-proof rhetoric of the line Eucid-Aquinas-Hobbes-Russell. Formality is trumps and the meaning of formality is an imitation of Euclid's certitude. Consider Alan Peacock's twopage article on Economic Freedom in The New Paigrave: A Dictionary of Economics (which with Alan Ryan's other two on Liberty in the Dictionary brings the total of modem economic reflection on liberty to four pages out of some 4000). Peacock begins by setting the question of economic freedom into the standard Samuelsonian framework of modem economics-maximization of utility under a budget constraint-with careful delineation of the subscripts, as though relevant. After two opening paragraphs of such mathpride, however, he rejects his own formal construct, pointing out that mere liberty to move within a budget constraint is not what people mean by liberty.Anything-the KGB's rules of conduct in pre-democratic Lithuania, for example-can be included in the budget constraint, making slaves by definition into men, to choose within the constraints of their shackles. Peacock argues plausibly that more than liberty to move about within a budget constraint must be required: Economic freedom requires that the various terms in the budget constraint reflect the absence of 'preference or restraint' (Adam Smith) on the (Vol. 2,33). As Herbert Spencer said, when he is under the impersonal coercion of Nature, we say that he is free (493, italics added). Peacock then tries to connect the absence of or to the market: Therefore (the prices must) ... result from the operation of competitive market forces with the individual being to choose between alternatives (italics added). The therefore fails in strict logic, though demanded by the axiom-and-proof rhetoric of his piece. The problem is that it is not obvious that an absence of preference or restraint requires competition. Peacock does

BOOKS

Book reviewed in this article: THE STATE IS ROLLING BACK Arthur Seldon A GAME WITHOUT VISION D. Corry, P. Williamson with S. Moore PAYING THE PIPER: CULTURE. MUSIC AND MONEY Alan Peacock

Introduction to Alan Peacock's ?Welfare economics and public subsidies to the Arts?

Introduction to Alan Peacock's ?Welfare economics and public subsidies to the Arts?