Alabio Ducks Research Articles

Freshwater snail flesh (Pomacea paludosa) incubated with bromelain enzyme levels in feed on the carcass quality of Alabio male ducks (Anas plathyrhyncos Borneo)

This study aimed to determine Freshwater snail flesh (Pomacea paludosa) incubated with bromelain enzyme levels in feed on the carcass quality of alabio male ducks. The treatment as ; P0 basal diet + 100% fish meal, P1 basal diet + 75% fish meal + 25% freswater snail flesh incubated bromelain enzym, P2 basal diet + 50% fish meal + 50% freswater snail flesh incubated bromelain enzym, P3 : basal diet + 25 % fish meal + 75% freswater snail flesh incubated bromelain enzym, P4 : basal diet + 100% freswater snail flesh . In each treatment, two male Alabio ducks were taken randomly and then slaughtered. The crude protein, crude fat, moisture, pH, and texture, by taking as many samples as 20 g of sample then mashed for 2 minutes and added 40 ml aquadest. pH measurement is done with pH meter, which was previously calibrated with buffer solution of pH 7.0 and 4.0. Meat tenderness is measured by using the shear warner bratzler tool Instron, , protein,fat and moiture using proximate analysis The result showed that level freshwater snail flesh incubated with bromelain enzym in feed up to 7.5-10% on Alabio male duck diets improved crude protein meat (21.51±0.19 to 23.90±0.40) but decreased meat moisture ( 69.46±0.79 to 62.79±0.27) and decreased crude fat meat (9.55±0.44 to 4.18±0.53). Meanwhile, the tenderness of the meat increased from 3.55% on the control feed to 26.77% on the feed using 7.5-10%.

Sustainability Status of Alabio Duck Farming in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, Indonesia

Alabio Duck (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) is a germplasm originating from Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan. Currently, the availability of pure Alabio Ducks is very limited in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency due to various factors that threaten the sustainability of Alabio duck farming. This paper aims to analyse the sustainability status of Alabio duck farming in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is used to determine the sustainability status. The result showed that the sustainability status of Alabio duck farming in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency is classified as moderately sustainable. However, the ecological and technological dimensions are classified as less sustainable, the economic and institutional dimensions are classified as moderately sustainable, while only the social dimension is classified as sustainable. Improvements are needed in the conditions of Alabio duck farming to raise its sustainability status in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency.

Characterization of Egg White Lysozyme from Local Duck Mojosari and Alabio

Lysozyme, a natural antibacterial, has potential use in several applications. Generally, it is obtained from chicken egg whites. However, the idea of using local duck eggs as a source of lysozyme is not wellknown. This study aimed to isolate and purify the egg white of Mojosari and Alabio ducks to characterize lysozyme. Additionally, the study analyzed the effect of temperature treatment on lysozyme enzymatic activity. Three different temperature treatments were used: Low Temperature Long Time (63 ℃, 30’), High Temperature Short Time (72 ℃, 15”), and sterilization (121 ℃, 15’). The Amberlite resin cation exchange chromatography method was successfully used to isolate and purify Mojosari and Alabio duck egg whites, achieving purity levels of 94.92-96.09%. The presence of lysozyme was confirmed by the existence of bands that were primarily composed of lysozyme. The results showed that each aspect of the characteristics of lysozyme and enzymatic activity were significantly affected (p<0.05) by the type of egg white. Enzymatic activity indicated that Alabio duck lysozyme was thermosensitive and could only survive at LTLT temperature, while Mojosari duck lysozyme could survive at LTLT and HTST pasteurization temperatures. However, both lysozymes did not survive the sterilization temperature.

Growth Performance in Laying Ducks Fed Protein Diets supplemented by Fresh Black Soldier Fly Larva

Live black soldier fly (BSF) maggots serve as an alternative feed for ducks and other poultry, boasting a protein composition similar to fish meal. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of live BSF maggot supplementation as a protein source on increasing duck daily production, feed conversion ratio, and egg quality. A total of 120 female Alabio ducks aged 7 months were randomly divided into 24 cages with four treatments and six replications. Each cage consisted of five ducks. Performance parameters such as daily egg production, feed conversion ratio, and egg mass production were evaluated, along with the quality of duck eggs, including egg weight, yolk weight, yolk crude protein, and albumen crude protein. The results revealed that protein levels did not significantly affect feed consumption during the laying phase for ducks. However, the comparison of duck day production between treatment groups indicated that ducks receiving lower protein levels (13.43%) exhibited lower production, compared to those with higher protein levels (18.29%). Furthermore, feed protein content had a notable impact on egg weight, yolk weight, and albumen crude protein. The study demonstrated a significant increase in egg yolk weight, while the percentages of egg yolk weight and eggshell weight showed no significant differences. In conclusion, this research suggests that supplementing duck diets with live BSF maggots can enhance egg quality and performance parameters. Keywords: Black soldier fly, Duck, Egg quality, Maggot, Performance, Source of protein

Comparison of Carcass Percentage Among Four Duck Breeds under Traditional Rearing Conditions

The research aims to determine the extent of differences in the carcass composition of four types of ducks using semi-intensive cultivation. A total of 16 ducks aged 3 months were used as experimental units. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications was the research design. The results showed that ducks of the same age, namely: Alabio ducks, Peking ducks, Mojosari ducks, and Manila ducks, showed very significant differences (P<0.01) in the variables of slaughter weight, carcass percentage, thigh and back percentage. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the percentage of chest, wings, and neck. It was concluded that the live weight, carcass percentage, and carcass parts of Manila ducks were higher than those of Alabio, Peking, and Mojosari ducks. Meanwhile, Alabio ducks are taller than Peking ducks and Mojosari ducks.

The phenotypic diversity in the production performance of Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

This study aimed to examine the diversity of phenotypic characteristics of female Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) and their eggs in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. A total of 200 18-month-old ducks and 300 eggs were selected using a survey method with multistage random sampling. These samples were obtained from two districts in the province of South Kalimantan [Banjar (BJ) districts and Tanah Laut (TL)]. The observed data were analyzed descriptively with variations using the independent t-test for each location. Principal component analysis (PCA) was deployed to assess the overall variance and define variables with greater discriminatory power between individuals. The observations on the body's physical characteristics and the eggs of Alabio ducks showed significant differences between ducks from BJ and TL areas (p < 0.05) except for yolk diameter, albumen height, albumen index, and Haugh unit (HU) (p > 0.05). Most egg quality traits from BJ were greater than those from TL, which include egg weight, egg length, egg width, yolk weight, albumen weight, shell weight, shell thickness, and egg shape index. The PCA revealed medium-to-high communalities in the phenotypic body characteristics of Alabio ducks and their eggs. Significant physical characteristics and egg quality differences were found between the two locations, except for the albumen index and HU, with substantial variability within each trait. These traits could explain the total variation in the phenotypic characteristics of female Alabio ducks.

Short Communication: Polymorphism of collagen type X (COLX) gene and their association with egg production traits and egg weight in Alabio and Mojosari ducks

Abstract. Kumalawati DS, Maharani D, Sari APZNL, Pratomo GH, Sasongko H, Fathoni A, Susanti T. 2023. Short Communication: Polymorphism of collagen type X (COLX) gene and their association with egg production traits and egg weight in Alabio and Mojosari ducks. Biodiversitas 24: 1518-1523. Type X collagen (COLX) is non-fibrillar collagen expressed in the white isthmus of the avian oviduct and plays a role in egg formation. This study aimed to identify COLX gene polymorphism and its association with egg production and egg weight in Alabio (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) and Mojosari ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Javanicus). Blood samples of 100 female ducks were collected, and their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted. In addition, a 220 bp fragment of COLX gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and sequenced for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification and genotyping. Data analysis was performed to calculate genotype and allele frequencies, and an independent sample t-test was used to examine the association between genotype and egg production and egg weight of each individual. Three genotypes (CC, TT, and CT) of SNP g.74C/T were detected in both breeds. Allele C (0.77) was dominant in Alabio population; otherwise, allele T (0.81) dominated Mojosari population. The frequency of CC (0.59) was highest in Alabio ducks, followed by CT (0.37) and TT (0.04), while TT (0.65) was highest in Mojosari ducks, followed by CT (0.33) and CC (0.02). Meanwhile, association analysis showed that ducks with CC genotype had significantly higher egg production at 28 and 34 weeks in Alabio than those with CT genotype (p&lt;0.05). These results indicate that COLX is an effective genetic marker for a breeding program to increase egg production in Alabio ducks.

Comparative pathology and immunohistochemistry of Newcastle disease in domestic chicken (Gallus-gallus domesticus) and Alabio duck (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo).

Newcastle disease is very pathogenic in chickens, whereas in ducks, the disease does not show any clinical symptoms. To compare the clinical symptoms features, pathological lesions, viral distribution, and apoptosis response caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in domestic chicken and Alabio duck. Forty domestic chickens and 40 Alabio ducks were separated into four groups: domestic chicken and Alabio duck treatment groups, where each was infected by NDV velogenic ducks/Aceh Besar_IND/2013/eoAC080721 in 106ELD50 dosage. The domestic chicken and Alabio duck control groups were each inoculated with Phosphate Buffer Saline. The infection route was intraorbital, 0.1 ml in volume. Symptoms were observed from day 1 until day 7 post-infection (PI). Necropsy was performed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 PI for organ collection. Symptoms observed were disorders in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems, followed by 100% mortality in domestic chickens. In Alabio ducks, there were only depression and slight lethargy. The lesion in domestic chicken day 1 appeared by the lungs, thymus, Fabricius bursa, spleen, and kidney. On day 3 PI, lesions were also found in the heart, proventriculus, duodenum, and cecal tonsil. On days 5 and 7 PI, the trachea and brain lesions were found. In Alabio ducks, lesions were found in the lungs, thymus, spleen, and proventriculus on day 1. Afterward, on day 3, light lesions were found in the heart. On day 5, lesions were found in the trachea and brain; finally, on day 7, light lesions were only found in the thymus, spleen, and brain. Immunopositive reaction NDV in domestic chicken was highest in the proventriculus, duodenum, cecal tonsil, and lymphoreticular organs. In the Alabio duck, it was highest in the duodenum and cecal tonsil. The caspase-3 percentage in domestic chicken increased on day 3 PI; in Alabio ducks, on day 2 PI. Clinical symptoms and pathological lesions were faster and more severe in domestic chickens. The immunopositive reaction NDV in domestic chicken continued to increase, while in Alabio ducks, it decreased until the last observation day. Apoptosis percentage increased earlier in the Alabio duck than in domestic chicken.

Analysis of the Alabio Ducks Rearing Business with Herbal Medicine Supplementation in Lebak Swamplands of South Kalimantan

Ducks are one of the sources of income for farmers in the Lebak swamp area, South Kalimantan. Duck rearing is one of the prospective ducks farming activities. The study aims to determine the analysis of Alabio ducks rearing business with herbal medicine supplementation. Due to the high prevalence of disease attacks, herbal medicine supplementation was given to ducks to boost their immune systems. The research was carried out in Sungai Durait Hulu village, Babirik subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU) Regency in April-December 2019. A total of 700 female Alabio ducks were used as samples with a mixed rearing system (intensive system for ducks aged 1-30 days; semi-intensive for ducks aged 1-5 months), and a 5-month of observation period. The parameters observed were production parameters, mainly duck mortality and/or loss, and economic parameters to determine business feasibility. The herbal medicine supplementation significantly affected immune systems, as shown by a lower mortality rate (30%) for ducks with herbal medicine supplementation compared to ducks without herbal medicine supplementation (50%). Duck rearing in this area was feasible and profitable which shown by R/C values were greater than one for both groups of ducks, namely 1.84 and 2.28 for ducks without and with herbal medicine supplementation, respectively.

Effect of Volume Fraction hybrid composite duck feathers (Anas Plathycus Borneo) - Rat Purun Fiber (Eleocharis Dulcis) With Matrix Polyester On Tensile And Bending Strength

Alabio ducks (Anas Plathycus Borneo) developed in the Alabio area of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan with a duck population in 2006 recorded at 3,487,002 heads. So far, alabio ducks have only been used for meat and eggs, even though the feather part of this one poultry can also be used as a composite raw material because of its relatively strong and elastic nature. To improve the quality of the composite, duck feathers are combined with rat purun fibers (eleocharis dulcis) so that they become Hybrid composites. Fraksi volume Hybrid composite Duck Feathers and Rat Purun Fiber are as follows 10% : 90 %, 20% : 80%, 30% : 70%, 40% : 60%, 50% : 50%, 60% : 40%, 70% : 30%, 80% : 20%, 90% : 10%. This study used experimental methods. From the results of the study, it is known that the value of tensile and tensile strength stress and bending strength decreased as the percentage of rat purun fibers decreased compared to the percentage of duck feathers

Wetland Ethnoscience Learning Resources: An Overview of Physical Science Concepts

The potential of wetland ethnoscience in the South Kalimantan region needs to be explored more deeply so that it can be used as a learning resource that produces meaningful learning. This qualitative research has applied the Spradley method to explore the facts and experiences of wetland-based indigenous science in Amuntai Hulu Sungai Utara Regency to transform it into ethnoscience which is used as a natural science learning resource, especially for the concept of physical science. Ethnoscience learning resources for the Mamar Alabio village community in raising Alabio ducks have original knowledge in the form of hatching techniques and indigenous knowledge of the Banyu Hirang village community in the use of sunlight to dry water hyacinth and purun plants, as well as the use of a raw material pounder which were very potential as science learning resources related to with physics concepts according to the junior high school curriculum 2013. These ethnoscience learning resources can be integrated into science learning designs to produce meaningful learning and train students' competencies.

Percentage of giblets of Several Types of Ducks in Semi-Intensive Maintenance

The purpose of this study was to determine the carcass composition of several different types of ducks in a semi-intensive maintenance system. There were 16 ducks used with 3 months of age based on a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 different duck treatments and 4 replications. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that at the same age, Peking duck, alabio duck, manila duck and mojosari duck were significantly different (P &lt;0.01) in cutting weight, carcass percentage, thigh percentage, back percentage, gizzard percentage and fat percentage abdominal. Meanwhile, the different types of ducks did not affect (P&gt; 0.05) chest percentage, wing percentage, neck percentage and heart percentage. In general, live weight, percentage of carcasses and parts of carcasses of manila ducks were superior to mojosari ducks, alabio ducks and Peking ducks. The alabio duck is superior to the Peking duck and the mojosari duck. In terms of non-carcass organs, mojosari ducks had a percentage of gizzard superior to Peking, alabio and manila ducks, while the percentage of liver was significantly different (P &lt;0.05) and the percentage of heart was not significantly different (P&gt; 0.05). The abdominal fat content of alabio duck is very different from that of Peking duck, mojsari duck and manila duck.

The effect of live maggot (Hermetia illucens) supplementation on organoleptic quality and yolk color of duck egg

Black soldier fly (BSF) maggot is a biological agent that can solve the problem of converting organic waste into biomass for poultry feed as well as fertilizers. Although live maggot supplementation in ducks functions as cheap feeds, it raises significant concerns because it can affect egg quality, changing the taste and odor. Therefore, this study aims to determine the organoleptic quality of duck eggs fed with live maggot (Hermetia illucens) using 120 Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) placed in postal cages. It was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial pattern to investigate the effect of two independent factors, namely protein level at 15% and 21%, as well as the concentration of live maggot supplementation given at 0 and 40 g/bird/day. The texture, flavor, and odor were tested using 67 moderately trained panelists, while the yolk color was determined using an egg yolk color fan, then the data obtained were analyzed for variance. The results showed that the protein level of the diet significantly affected the yolk’s texture and odor, but not the flavor and color. Furthermore, an interaction occurred between the protein level of the diet with the live maggot supplementation on the texture. Based on the results, Alabio ducks fed with a high protein diet namely 21% plus 40 g/bird/day live maggots produced eggs with a soft texture, good flavor, fishy odor, and the highest average color score of 8.69 compared to other treatment combinations.

Phenotype Characteristics of Alabio Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos Borneo) in South Kalimantan

Research on the phenotype characteristics of Alabio Ducks (&lt;em&gt;Anas Platyrhynchos&lt;/em&gt; Borneo) in South Kalimantan was conducted to determine the phenotypic characteristics of 3 central Alabio ducks (Hulu Sungai Utara, Banjar and Tabalong Regencies). The materials used in this study were 480 Alabio ducks, aged ± 6 months, consisting of 30 males and 450 females. The method used in this research was a survey method that was multistage random sampling. The variables observed were dominancy and pattern colors of feathers on neck, breast, back, wing, leg, and tail, beak color and shank color. Based on the results of observations in the Tabalong, HSU and Banjar Regencies, the results show that Alabio ducks have 6 kinds of colors that appear on observed body parts, namely black, grayish-white, blackish-gray, brownish-gray, brown, brownish-white, black, and brownish-white, light-brown spots or dark brown spots on breast feather. The colors of the beak and shank of male and female Alabio ducks are light-yellow or whitish yellow. While the uniform color characteristics are found in male and female Alabio ducks, namely on the grayish-white neck feathers, blackish gray and bluish green on wing feathers, blackish and brownish gray on back-feathers, brownish and black gray on tail-feathers and brownish-white, light brown spots. or dark brown spots on breast-feather. In conclusion, there are not many differences in both the dominant feather color, the variation in the color of the feathers, the beak, the shank of the Alabio ducks, since most of them come from the similar ancestors.

Alabio ducks, germplasms of South Kalimantan, as protein and income sources

Apart from providing food originating from meat and eggs, Alabio ducks have another important role for farmers in South Kalimantan, namely as an income source, employment source, and preservation of local genetic source. This paper aimed to study the economic profile of Alabio ducks in several types of businesses in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan. A survey method was carried out on several groups of duck farmers. In order to obtain more in-depth information, a focus group discussion (FGD) was held with key insiders in the duck industry. The results showed that the duck farming business has good prospects and can be a source of income and employment for farmers and young generations. The business of hatchery, slaughter-duck producers, hatching egg producers, and consumes-egg producers, is economically feasible. Improving bio-security and handling and managing environmental sanitation have to carry out, among others, through pens, equipment, and environmental disinfection, as well as routine vaccinations with the escort and support of local and central government. In addition, to increase the welfare and income of farmers need to introduce technological innovations that can increase farming efficiency.

Production performance of Alabio ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) under different levels of drinking water salinity.

Objective:To examine the effects of the salinity level of drinking water on the egg production and quality of Alabio ducks.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 female Alabio ducks, aged 6 months, were subjected to this study. All ducks were kept in stage-type cages (1 m length × 1 m width × 0.5 m height), where each cage was inhabited by 4 ducks for 56 days of experimentation. All ducks were offered a mixed ration ad libitum for laying ducks, according to the nutritional requirements for egg-type ducks. The treatment in this study was drinking water with five stratified salinity levels, namely P0 = freshwater (0% salinity); P1 = water with a salinity of 0.75 practical salinity unit (PSU) (equal to 0.75 g NaCl/l); P2 = water with a salinity of 1.5 PSU (1.5 gm/l); P3 = water with a salinity of 2.5 PSU (2.5 gm/l); and P4 = water with a salinity of 3 PSU (3.0 gm/l). Observations were made on water intake, feed intake, egg production, and egg quality (egg weight, egg shape index density, shell proportion, shell thickness, yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit).Results:The results showed that the difference in salinity levels in drinking water from 0.75 PSU to 3 PSU did not affect water intake, feed intake, egg production, or egg quality of Alabio ducks for the first 56 days of the laying period (p > 0.05).Conclusions:It was concluded that Alabio ducks have a good tolerance for drinking water salinity of up to 3 PSU, or equal to 3 gm/l NaCl.

Effects of the Replacing of Fish Meal with Freshwater Snail Flesh (Pomacea paludosa) Treated with Bromelain Enzyme on Growth Performance, Relatively Organ Weight, and Digestibility of Alabio Ducks (Anas plathyrhyncos Borneo)

This study aimed to determine the effects of the replacing of fish meal with freshwater snail flesh (

Effects of rations with various balances of energy and protein on performance and carcass quality of male Alabio ducks

Effects of rations with various balances of energy and protein on performance and carcass quality of male Alabio ducks

Productivity of Laying Alabio Duck and its Eggs Quality under Exposure of Different Intensity and Color of LED Light

The purpose of this study was to analyze the different combinations of intensity and color of LED monochrome lamps for optimal productivity, as well as the internal and external quality of Alabio duck eggs. The study was carried out for 4 weeks period of raising which was devided in 2 stages. In the first stage, it was used a completely randomized factorial design of 4 light colors x 3 light intensities with 4 replications with 5 ducks of each replicate, totaling 240 laying Alabio ducks. The light color was 4 colors consisted of yellow, red, blue, and green, alongside with intensity levels of 10 lux, 15 lux, and 20 lux. The irradiation method of layer ducks was 18 hours light and 10 hours dark (18L: 10D of ahemeral method). The variables observed were laying age, egg production and the total weight of eggs, mortality, feed consumption, FCR, and income over feed cost (IOFC). In the second stage, it was selected 3 best combination treatments from the first phase. The experimental method was based on a completely randomized design, encompassing the best treatments as P1, P2, and P3, with 5 replications with 10 duck per replicate, totaling 150 laying Alabio ducks. The variables were egg internal quality, which consisted of haugh unit egg, yolk index (EYI), egg albumin index, and yolk color. The external egg quality observed were egg weight, shell thickness, shape index, and specific gravity. The results of the first phase showed the best productivity was achieved in blue color with an intensity of 15 lux on all measured variables. The results in the second stage showed the best treatment is blue light color treatment with a light intensity of 15 lux, on the internal qualities of duck eggs include HU (95.11±2.39), EYI (0.421±0.63), EAI (0.121±0.12), egg yolk color (8.36±0.31), and also the best in terms of external quality, with the highest egg weight (66.76±5.21 g). It was concluded that the combination of blue light color with an intensity of 15 lux significantly increased the egg production and performance of Alabio duck from Kalimantan.

The Implementation of Analytical Hierarchy Process Method for Determining Livestock Alabio Duck Development Strategy in Rawa Hulu Sungai Utara

The cultivation of Alabio ducks (Anas Platyrynchos Borneo) so far is still natural and only involves one parameter; furthermore, each location has different characteristics. The hierarchical structure constructed has a ranking of importance as an alternative option for ducks' development in peatland ecosystems. This research aims to formulate a strategy for duck production in the Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method in this study is used to structure the decision-making flow from goals and alternatives and weigh the variables. Data collection was carried out with duck farming experts from academia, farmer groups, and policymakers. This study found that the availability of feed, both sago (0.254) and bran (0.218), is a significant component from an ecological perspective. Distance to market (0.307) and hatchery location (0.287) is an economic variable. The social part consists of distance from the settlement (0.443) and labor availability (0.247). Meanwhile, the availability of feed (0.282), hatchery technology (0.269), and Mina ducks (0.251) are the development strategies for duck cultivation in swamp areas, and economic stimulus (0.93) is the final contributor.