Alabio Ducks Research Articles

Effect of steamed sago and golden snail flour as substitution of yellow corn on performance of male duck of Alabio, Mojosari and MA

This study was aimed at finding out the effects of combining steaming sago ( Metroxylon Spp) and golden snail flour ( Pomacea Spp) as the source of energy in duck ration, substituting yellow corn, on the performance of male Alabio, Mojosari, and their cross (MA). One hundred and ninety two young male ducks from the three breeds of 7 days old were assigned in 48 units of cage (4 ducks/cage). Research method applied was Completely Randomized Design with factorial pattern (3x4). The first factor was duck breeds (a) consisted of tree duck breeds: Alabio duck, Mojosari duck and Raja duck and the second factor was types of ration: R0 (control/100% basal ration), R1 (basal ration + 13% steaming sago and 2% golden snail flour), R2 (basal ration + 26% steaming sago and 4% golden snail flour) and R3 (basal ration + 39% steaming sago and 6% golden snail flour). All treatments were repeated four times. The observed variables were performance of ducks: body weight, body weight gain, ration consumption and ration conversion. Results indicated that breed had significant effect (P < 0.05) on body weight, body weight gain and ration conversion. Meanwhile, ration had significant effect (P < 0.05) on ration consumption, body weight gain, and final body weight. It is concluded that the combination of steaming sago and golden snail flour up to 45% of the ration could replace the need for yellow corn as the source of energy in the ration without affecting the performance of male ducks of 1 – 8 weeks old. Cross male ducks were better than that male Alabio ducks and Mojosari because they were more efficient in converting ration into meat which resulted in higher body weight gain. Key words : Steaming Sago, Golden Snail Flour, Male Ducks, Performance

Moulting patterns of Alabio and Mojosari ducks and their relation on blood lipids (tryglycerides), egg production and egg quality

Moulting is a biological condition that can happen in poultry. It is resulted from the complex interaction which involves the function of thyroxine hormone. Moulting can reduce or even stop the egg production. A study was conducted to observe the moulting patterns of local ducks (Alabio and Mojosari) and to determine the relation of moulting with blood lipids (triglycerides), egg production and quality. Each breed consisted of ten female dukcs were observed for moulting pattern, blood triglycerides, egg production and quality. Fourty ducks were used for simulation of egg production. Data from moulting patterns,egg production and quality were analyzed using t-based on Least Square means with Statistical Analysis System. The relation of breeds and moulting patterns with triglycerides were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of 2x2. The main factor was kind of breeds, while the subfactor was the period of moulting, before and during moulting. There were not interaction in every variables between both factors. The average moulting periode of Alabio was significantly (P<0.05) shorter than that of Mojosari (69 vs 76 days). There were 40% of Alabio ducks moulting for 61-70 days, while 40% of Mojosari ducks moulting for 71-80 days. Egg production of Alabio ducks before and after moulting were higher than those Mojosari ducks. The triglycerides content of Alabio and Mojosari ducks was decreased during moulting, in Alabio ducks they were 32.02 and 27.64 μg/ml before and during moulting, while in Mojosari ducks they were 32.83 and 29.32 μg/ml respectively. Egg weight, albumin weight, yolk weight, and haugh unit of the two breeds increased after moulting, while yolk colour decreased. The average yolk colour of Alabio ducks before and after moulting were 6.90 and 5.11, while in Mojosari ducks they were 7.90 and 4.60 respectively. Key Words: Moulting, Tryglycerides, Egg Productivity, Egg Quality

The estimation of genetic distance and discriminant variables on breed of duck (Alabio, Bali, Khaki Campbell, Mojosari and Pegagan) by morphological analysis

A study on morphological body conformation of Alabio, Bali, Khaki Campbell, Mojosari and Pegagan ducks was carried out to determine the genetic distance and discriminant variables. This research was held in Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi, Bogor using 65 Alabio ducks, 40 Bali ducks, 36 Khaki Campbell ducks, 60 Mojosari ducks and 30 Pegagan ducks. Seven different body parts were measured, they were the length of femur, tibia, tarsometatarsus, the circumference of tarsometatarsus, the length of third digits, wing and maxilla. General Linear Models and simple discriminant analysis were used in this observation (SAS package program). Male and female Pegagan ducks had morphological size bigger than Alabio, Bali, Khaki Campbell and Mojosari ducks. Khaki Campbell ducks were mixed with Bali ducks (47.22%) and Pegagan ducks from isolated location in South Sumatera were lightly mixed with Alabio and Bali. Mahalanobis genetic distance showed that Bali and Khaki Campbell ducks, also, Alabio and Mojosari ducks had similarity, with genetic distance of 1.420 and 1.548, respectively. Results from canonical analysis showed that the most discriminant variables were obtained from the length of femur, tibia and third digits. Key words: Duck, genetic distance, morphological

The resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates from Alabio duck against several antibiotics

A total of 172 isolates of Salmonella spp. consisted of S. typhimurium (70), S. Radar (52), S. senftenberg (25), S. Virchow (14), and S. amsterdam (11) from Alabio duck hatcheries in the District of Hulu Sungai Utara, South Kalimantan, were examined their resistencies against seven kinds of antibiotics, consisted of chloramphenicol, neomycin, trimethoprim, streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and polymixin B, by using agar disc diffusion method. The results showed that 70 isolates of S. typhimurium were resistant against six kinds of antibiotics with various percentages, that is chlorampenicol 5 .7%, neomycin 12 .8%, trimethoprim 7.1 %, streptomycin 8 .6%, tetracycline 11 .4%, and the highest against ampicillin 30 %. Ofthe 52 S. hadar isolates showed that all ofthem were resistent against 6 kinds of antibiotics, that is chloramphenicol 1 .9%, neomycin 7.7%, trimethoprim 5.8%, streptomycin 48 .0%, tetracycline 48.0%, and polymixin B 3.8%. Futhermore S. senftenberg (25 isolates) were resistent against three kinds of antibiotics, that is neomycin 12%, streptomycin 20%, and tetracyclines 16%. Meanwhile S. virchow (14 isolates), were resistant against two kinds of antibiotics namely streptomycin 7.1% and tetracylines 14.3%. Whereas S. amsterdam (11 isolates) were resistant against four kinds of antibiotics, that is neomycin 45 .5%, streptomycin 18 .2%, tetracycline 18 .2%, and ampicillin 9.10%. Key words: Resistance, Salmonella spp., Alabio ducks, antibiotics

The growth and carcass characteristics of crosses between Aabio and Tegal ducks and Muscovy and Pekin drakes

1. The growth and food utilisation of Pekin, Alabio and crosses between Muscovy or Pekin drakes and Alabio or Tegal ducks were recorded up to 20 weeks of age on a high plane of nutrition. Ducks were killed at 6, 10 and 16 weeks of age for carcass analysis. 2. The weight of Alabio ducks at 12 weeks of age was increased by 40 and 48% by crossing with Muscovy and Pekin respectively. Pekin crosses grew faster to 8 or 12 weeks of age than Muscovy crosses but after 17 weeks of age there was no significant difference in weight. Food utilisation for Muscovy crosses was generally better at all ages. 3. Both at a given age and per unit of carcass weight, Muscovy crosses contained less fat and as a consequence more protein and ash, and a higher proportion of breast meat than Pekin crosses. Proportion of fat in Muscovy × Tegal ducks increased only slightly with carcass weight, while it decreased in Muscovy × Alabio ducks.

Effect of contamination of diets with aflatoxins on growing ducks and chickens.

Growing Alabio ducks and White Leghorn chickens were used in a growth study in which diets containing either soybean meal (SBM), peanut meal (PNM) or fish meal (FM) as protein sources were contaminated with the fungus Aspergillus flavus providing the following aflatoxin levels: 0, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms aflatoxin B1 equivalent per kg ration. There were no differences in responses of growing ducks and chickens (at age of 28 days) to the various protein sources at the zero aflatoxin level. However diets contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and containing 50 micrograms/kg aflatoxin B1 equivalent or more significantly reduced body weight gain and utilisation of dietary protein in ducks as compared with chickens. The higher the aflatoxin content above 50 micrograms/kg the greater was the difference in performance between ducks and chickens. Dietary aflatoxins caused liver damage in ducks while no damage was recorded in chickens. Ducks fed diets containing SBM or PNM were more affected by the same concentration of aflatoxins than those fed diets with FM. When intensification of duck husbandry is envisaged, particularly in humid tropical regions, measures to avoid the deleterious ill effects of aflatoxins are needed.