Al-Qadisiyah Province Research Articles

Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from houseflies (Musca domestica L) at cattle barns in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq

Recent studies identified that Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157H7) causes hemorrhagic colitis in humans, a rare spectrum of diarrheal illness. According to the findings of epidemiological investigations, cattle serve as the principal reservoirs for this bacterium. This study was conducted to understand the incidence of ECO157H7 in houseflies (HFs), a key disease vector. HFs (n = 40) were collected from cattle barns. The HFs were cultured on MacConkey (MC) agars, and any suspected colonies were grown on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar. EMB-based metallic sheen colonies were grown on specific media, such as sorbitol Chromagar (SCA) and cefixime tellurite sorbitol-MacConkey (CT–SMAC) agar. Sorbitol non-fermenting (SNF) isolates were subjected to a commercial latex agglutination kit to identify the existence of O157 group. The results recorded 31/40 (77.5%) E. coli isolates identified from HF samples. The findings revealed that only 18/31 (58%) were from the SNF isolates. The identities of the isolates were further examined by targeting the rfbO157 and fliCH7 genes, as genetic markers in a PCR method. The PCR results reported 10/18 (55.5%) and 12/18 (66.6%) isolates that carried the rfbO157 and fliCH7 genes, respectively. Our research revealed that HFs represent a harbor for the pathogenic E. coli. The ecology and way this bacterium spreads among animals and across the environment may depend heavily on the presence of ECO157H7 in agricultural environments.

Exploring Listeria monocytogenes in Ewe Milk: ssrA Gene-based Real-time PCR Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Antibacterial Assessment of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized with Myrtus communis Leaf Extract

Background: Listeria monocytogenes, a zoonotic pathogen affecting humans and animals, exhibits a global distribution, including Iraq. This study focused on the rapid identification and phylogenetic analysis of L. monocytogenes in freshly collected ewe milk samples from various farms in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq.Methods: The study was conducted with care and precision, involving 150 milk samples. These samples were subjected to traditional bacterial isolation and identification using the enrichment culture method and biochemical tests, with the PCR technique confirming the results. The antibacterial activity of MgONPs was then assessed using the disc diffusion method, ensuring a comprehensive and reliable approach to the study.Result: The results show that 150 ewe milk samples underwent real-time PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the ssrA gene, followed by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing (PSGS) of purified conventional PCR products. Furthermore, the study entails the biosynthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Myrtus communis leaf extract, followed by a comprehensive characterization utilizing UV-spectra, FTIR, SEM, and TEM techniques. The Agar well diffusion method assessed the antibacterial efficacy of these Biosynthesized nanoparticles against L. monocytogenes. The RT-PCR results revealed the presence of L. monocytogenes in 36 out of 150 samples (24%). Subsequent PCR analysis confirmed the presence of the pathogen in 30 out of these 36 positive samples (83.33%). Sequencing of two purified PCR products demonstrated 100% nucleotide identity with global isolates from Iraq and Turkey. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that L. monocytogenes exhibited substantial sensitivity (24.66 ± 0.3) to the biosynthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles. These findings underscore the speed and precision of the RT-PCR method for detecting L. monocytogenes in fresh ewe milk samples.Conclusion: This comprehensive investigation enhances our understanding of L. monocytogenes prevalence in ewe milk and highlights the potential of Myrtus communis -derived nanoparticles for combating this pathogen.Keywords: Antibacterial nanoparticles; Listeria monocytogenes; Magnesium oxide; Myrtus communis sheep milk; ssrA gene

Molecular detection of gene encodes a β-tubulin protein in Haemonchus contortus in sheep in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq

Molecular detection of gene encodes a β-tubulin protein in Haemonchus contortus in sheep in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq

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Al-Dalmaj marsh is one of the most important marshes in Iraq; it extends from Al-Qadisiyah Province in the west to Wasit Province in the east, south of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. In order to study the malacological diversity of this site, a survey of the marsh molluscs species was made during this study. About 177 specimens were collected, seven species of gastropods belonging to six families and two species of Bivalves belonging to one family were identified, remarks on the nomenclature, taxonomy and distribution of these species. According to this study Al-Dalmaj Marsh includes diverse molluscs species and the presented results will provide important information for future studies concerned with the molluscs or Invertebrates biodiversity state of this important ecosystem in Iraq.

Molecular epidemiology and histopathology study of molluscum contagious virus in patients with clinical lesions in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq

BackgroundMolluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a viral cutaneous infection that occasionally affects the mucous membrane and skin, mainly among children and young adults, occurring worldwide. MCV is a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the poxvirus family. The prevalence of MCV in Iraq and its frequency are mostly unknown, despite the virus being transmissible directly from person to person, with several significant outbreaks reported in recent years. This study represents the first investigation of MCV in the province of Al-Qadisiyah. Utilizing real-time PCR and histopathological examination, the research aimed to validate the clinical diagnosis of MCV. The study involved the histological examination of Molluscum contagiosum and compared it with real-time PCR analysis of MCV. MethodsThe study was conducted from October 1, 2022, to March 30, 2023. Lesion samples were taken from 80 patients initially. The disease had spread widely and quickly in the city, affecting individuals aged between 1 and 2 years who had been diagnosed with clinical lesions of MCV on various body areas. Non-random (purposive) samples were collected for the study. ResultsFollowing real-time PCR testing and histological examination (90 %), patients yielded positive results for Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), aligning with clinical diagnosis. Histopathological analysis revealed distinctive cytopathic effects and localized hyperplasia in epidermal keratinocytes indicative of Molluscum contagiosum. No significant disparity was observed between MCV infection and sex or age. Additionally, histological examination identified 8 (10 %) patients infected with human papillomaviruses. ConclusionThe present comprehension regarding the epidemiology and prevalence of MCV in Iraq remains limited. The findings highlight a significant rise in MCV infections compared to other infectious skin diseases, underscoring the urgency for further investigation to mitigate the risk of a potential global epidemic.

Traffic Safety Risk Assessment for Selected Roads in Al-Qadisiyah Province

Road risk assessments use the same methodology as regular risk assessments and describe all of the dangers that are connected to drivers who use their vehicles for daily-related objectives. These risks include the distance traveled, the duration of the trip, the planned breaks, the driver’s posture, the sorts of routes, and the available driving options. The manuscript explored traffic crashes, the geographical distribution of crashes, and the road characteristics to identify the riskiest roads in Al-Qadisiyah Province. Data was collected from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, and the data was divided into internal regions with 5996 crashes and external regions with about 6867 crashes. After compiling, indexing, and dividing the data, it was found that the critical crash times are at the beginning and end of the official working hours and at the time of rest after working hours. Likewise, the highest number of injuries are related to motorcyclists with 2447 crashes. It was also found that people (22-35) years old have the largest number of crashes followed by people 18 years old. After calculating the total number of accidents and the rate of accidents for all the roads selected for the study, the results indicated that the Diwaniyah-Daghara road had the highest number of accidents than the rest of the selected roads, as the number of accidents was 921 accidents, followed by the second place in terms of the number of accidents, the Diwaniyah-Sunya road, and after calculating the amount of danger for all roads ( There are 7 external roads and 3 internal roads). It is followed in second place by the Diwaniyah-Shafi’iyyah road with a crash severity of 15.05, and in third place by the Diwaniya-Daghara road with a severity of 13.65, whereas, Al-Askari road was ranked third with the number of crashes of 671, and now it ranks fifth with a severity of 8.31.

Clinical survey and molecular detection of Trichomonas gallinae infection of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq

Clinical survey and molecular detection of Trichomonas gallinae infection of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq

Morphological and genotypical identification of Hyalomma anatolicum isolated from cattle in Al-Daghara city, Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq

Morphological and genotypical identification of Hyalomma anatolicum isolated from cattle in Al-Daghara city, Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq

CR Conventional for detecting APand PLA virulence Use Factors of Entamoeba histolytica in patients stool samples in Al-Qadisiyah Province

The present study designed to diagnose the Entamoeba histolytica parasite from patients with diarrhea attended to Maternity and Childhood Teaching Hospital and General Education Hospital in Al-Qadisiya province , Theirs ages less than one year to 14 years at the period from the beginning of May to the end of November 2014 . The number of samples that have been collected (100) stool samples, and the number of samples infected is (36) sample ; After samples were examined in direct wet smear method using normal saline, includ the study to investigate and to emphasize the presence of virulence factors amoebapore and phospholipase in parasite using Conventional PCR Technique. The result showed that the infection rate was 36% (100). The age group of l-5 years showed the highest rate of infection (41.6%), while patients aged11-14 years showed the lowest rate of infection (11.1%). The infection rate in male was higher (58.3%) than in female (41.6%). It was found that the majority of cases (61.1%) were from Urban areas. DNA was extracted from positive from stool samples and then after amplified using special designed for primers E. histolytica virulence factors genes that called amoebapore &phospholipase and the amplified DNA passed in Electrophoresis apparatus for DNA. The results showed that the mentioned factors is present in all positive samples of E. histolytica.

PCR conventional for detecting AP and PLA virulence Use factors of Entamoeba histolytica in patients stool samples in Al-Qadisiyah Province

The present study designed to diagnose the Entamoeba histolytica parasite from patients with diarrhea attended to Maternity and Childhood Teaching Hospital and General Education Hospital in Al-Qadisiya Province, Theirs ages less than one year to 14 years at the period from the beginning of May to the end of November 2014 . The number of samples that have been collected (100) stool samples, and the number of samples infected is (36) sample ; After samples were examined in direct wet smear method using normal saline, include the study to investigate and to emphasize the presence of virulence factors amoebapore and phospholipase in parasite using Conventional PCR Technique.The result showed that the infection rate was 36% (100). The age group of l-5 years showed the highest rate of infection (41.6%), while patients aged11-14 years showed the lowest rate of infection (11.1%). The infection rate in male was higher (58.3%) than in female (41.6%). It was found that the majority of cases (61.1%) were from Urban areas.DNA was extracted from positive from stool samples and then after amplified using special designed for primers E. histolytica virulence factors genes that called amoebapore &phospholipase and the amplified DNA passed in Electrophoresis apparatus for DNA. The results showed that the mentioned factor is present in all positive samples of E. histolytica.

Molecular study of quorum sensing and biofilm formation genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from UTIs patients

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem in both community and nosocomial settings, affecting both men and women equally. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen causing devastating acute and chronic infections in individuals with compromised immune systems. Biofilm is an architecture built mostly by autogenic extracellular polymeric substances which function as a scaffold to encase the bacteria together on surfaces, and to protect them from environmental stresses, impedes phagocytosis and thereby conferring the capacity for colonization and long-term persistence. So, the aim of this study to screen of some important quorum sensing and biofilm genes among pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from UTIs patients. Methods: These study was conducted in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq at five major hospitals (AL-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital, Feminine and children teaching hospital, Afak General Hospital, AL-Hamzah General Hospital and AL-Shamiya General Hospital) during the period from (November, 2020 to June, 2021). A total of 800 urine samples were collected from male and females referring to five major hospitals. The age of the patients ranged from (1 to 80) years-old. Results: Sixty isolates were showed positive and identified as P. aeruginosa by using selective media, biochemical test system and VITEK-2 compact system.

Effect of Spraying Some Nano-Fertilizers and Their Combinations on the Growth and Yield of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

The experiment was conducted in one of the special fields for the winter agricultural season 2020/2021 in Al-Qadisiyah province / Sumer-Al-Barakat sub-district, which is 17 km from the district, at 32.14 degrees north latitude and 44.99 degrees east longitude. To know the effect of spraying some nano-fertilizers and their combinations on the growth and yield of the fenugreek, the experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment included 10 treatments (T1), the control treatment, spraying distilled water only, (T2) a balanced nano-NPK spraying at a concentration of 2 g L-1, (T3) adding NPK mineral fertilizer 200 kg ha-1, (T4) Spraying nano microelements 2 g L-1 + NPK mineral fertilizer, (T5) Spraying nano seaweed extract 2ml.L-1 + adding NPK mineral fertilizer, (T6) spraying nano NPK at a concentration of 2 g.L-1 + mineral NPK, (T7) Spraying nano micro-elements fertilizer at a concentration of 2 g L-1 + nano seaweed extract at a concentration of 2 ml L-1 + adding NPK mineral fertilizer, (T8) spraying nano micro-elements at a concentration of 2 g L-1 + nano NPK at a concentration of 2 g L-1 + adding NPK mineral fertilizer and (T9) spraying nano seaweed extract at a concentration of 2 ml L-1 + nano NPK at a concentration of 2 g L-1 + adding Mineral NPK fertilizer and (T10) spraying nano-micro elements 2 g. L-1 + nano seaweed extract 2 ml L-1 + NPK nano-concentration 2 g L-1 + adding NPK mineral fertilizer, the first spraying was done three times when the plants reached 6-8 leaves, the second and the third with an interval of 14 days between them. The results showed significantly excelled of plants treated with (T10) and the highest averages were achieved in the vegetative growth traits compared to the control treatment. It also produced the highest averages in all yield traits and its components, especially the fresh and dry leaf yield, and seed and oil yield, which amounted to 12.771, 1.442, 1.431, and 159.48 kg ha-1, respectively, compared with the control treatment, which produced 9.514, 1.163, 1.024 and 99.38 kg ha-1, respectively.

Detection of toxoplasmosis in (Free living and Industrial) chicken of Qadisiyah province, Iraq

The study aimed to investigate the differences in the genetic tree of types infected (Free living and Industrial chickens) with the Toxoplasma parasite, (brain and liver) collecting samples in Al-Qadisiyah province during the period from October 2021 until the end of March 2022. A total of 90 samples of chicken were collected, 60 samples of brain and 30 samples of liver. The purpose of diagnosis, the impression method was used. It was found that 60 samples of free living chickens were all positive for examination. As for industrial chickens, 20 samples from 30 were positive at rate 88.8%, in rate of (83.3%) 50/60 from the brain and (66.6%) 20/30 from the liver. Nested PCR targeting aspecific region within SAG3 gene technique applied for detect the genotype of T.gondii, the results showed that 30/48 of the chickens (brain and liver) (62.5%) were positive. A genetic match was found between Toxoplasma gondii in chickens SAG3 gene and the gene isolates according to NCBI – BLAST.

Effect and characterizations of silver nanoparticles on biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from UTIs patients

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem in both community and nosocomial settings, affecting both men and women equally.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen causing devastating acuteand chronic infections in individuals with compromised immune systems. Biofilmis an architecture built mostly by autogenic extracellular polymeric substances which function asa scaffold to encase the bacteria together on surfaces, and to protect them from environmentalstresses, impedes phagocytosis and thereby conferring the capacity for colonization and long-termpersistence.The present study aim to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chemo-synthesized AgNPs onbiofilm-forming XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from UTIs patients. Methods: These study was conducted in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq at five major hospitals (AL-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital,Feminine and children teaching hospital, Afak General Hospital, AL-Hamzah General Hospital and AL-Shamiya General Hospital) during the period from (November, 2020 to June, 2021). A total of 800 urine samples were collected from male and females referring to five major hospitals. The age of the patients ranged from (1 to 80) years-old. Results:Sixty isolates were showed positive and identified as P. aeruginosa by using selective media, biochemical test system and VITEK-2 compact system. Genetically, in the present study, a total DNA was extracted from all clinical P.aeruginosa isolates.

Molecular study of quorum sensing and biofilm formation genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from UTIs patients

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health problem in both community and nosocomial settings, affecting both men and women equally. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen causing devastating acute and chronic infections in individuals with compromised immune systems. Biofilm is an architecture built mostly by autogenic extracellular polymeric substances which function as a scaffold to encase the bacteria together on surfaces, and to protect them from environmental stresses, impedes phagocytosis and thereby conferring the capacity for colonization and long-term persistence. So, the aim of this study to screen of some important quorum sensing and biofilm genes among pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from UTIs patients. Methods: These study was conducted in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq at five major hospitals (AL-Diwanyia Teaching Hospital, Feminine and children teaching hospital, Afak General Hospital, AL-Hamzah General Hospital and AL-Shamiya General Hospital) during the period from (November, 2020 to June, 2021). A total of 800 urine samples were collected from male and females referring to five major hospitals. The age of the patients ranged from (1 to 80) years-old.

Indicative parameters for liver fascioliasis at pre-clinical and clinical phases in cows from Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq

The current work emphasized understanding the liver functions while having pre-clinical or clinical fascioliasis accurately detect the disease phase from cows in Al-Diwaniyah City, Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. The experimental design included the use of 30 cows in Al-Diwaniayh province divided into ten clinically healthy cows (control group), ten acutely infected cows with no apparent clinical signs (pre-clinical group), and ten chronically infected cows with observed clinical signs (clinical group), such as yellowish discoloration of the mucus membranes. Blood samples were collected from each cow for performing the following tests: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum levels of pyruvate, lactate, and Cholesterol. The results showed that all the enzymes from the pre-clinical group were significantly (P<0.05) higher in their serum levels compared with those from the control group to elevate to significantly (P<0.05) higher levels in the clinical group in comparisons with those from the control and pre-clinical groups, excluding the ALT that revealed no significant (P>0.05) difference between the pre-and clinical groups. A significant (P<0.05) increase was seen in the pre-clinical group compared to those from the control group, with no significant (P>0.05) difference between the pre-and clinical groups. No significant (P>0.05) differences were recorded between all study groups at serum pyruvate and lactate levels. The present study reveals that the fascioliasis, dependent on the infestation phase, can progressively change the serum levels of the parameters mentioned above and may feasibly be used together as indicators for the accurate detection of the disease stage.

First study on microscopic and molecular evidences of two bovine hemoplasma species in cattle herds in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq.

Background and Aim:Hemotropic Mycoplasmas are small epierythrocytic bacteria that cause infectious anemia in several livestock species and in humans. Several reports have been made on hemoplasma infections in the south and north of Iraq, but there have been no studies in the middle Euphrates of Iraq. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of hemoplasma species in cattle in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq.Materials and Methods:Two hundred blood samples were collected from cattle with pale mucous membrane from regions with heavy tick endemicity. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Rickettsia pathogens using thin blood smears and the Diff-Quik stains. All the samples were also examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene to confirm the presence of the smear-identified microorganisms. Ten PCR positive samples were subjected to 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing to identify the species.Results:The findings uncovered positivity in 68 (34%) blood smears. PCR revealed positive confirmation in 18 (9%) of the 200 blood samples. Mycoplasma wenyonii and Candidatus mycoplasma hemobos were identified from 10 PCR positive samples. The nucleotide sequences of the isolates were closely related to isolates from cattle, buffalo, and dogs in Vietnam, Cuba, India, and Germany.Conclusion:Bovine hemoplasma infections are prevalent in cattle in the Al-Qadisiyah Province in Iraq. Our results may have significance for the development of control programs.

GENOTYPE OF Cryptosporidium spp. ISOLATED FROM BOVINE OF AL-QADISIYAH PROVINCE /IRAQ

The current research included examination of 100 fecal sample from bovine wascollected from AL-Qadisiyah province, from September 2018 until February 2019.TheMicroscopically result showed that oval or spherical shaped with dark pink color or redoocyst on blue ground and 30(30%) positive sample out 100 case . It was recorded thatthe maximum rate 41.66% (5/12) was seen in November, but the lowest rate 18.75%(3/16) was seen in the month of February with no significant differences at level(p<0.05.) According to age the maximum rate of incidence 40%(14/35)was found inthe age group lower than a month, but the lowest incidence was seen in the group( >1years). There is no significant differences at p<0.05.between male and female. In thecurrently study the N-PCR in molecular investigation were used ,the positive samplewas18 (60%) out of 30 fecal sample. Sequencing of a fragment of the(18s rRNA) gene(834 bp) that separated from many distinct area in AL- Qadisiyah governmentrecorded (50%)6/12 sample related to NCBI – Blast Cryptosporidium parvum ,( 33.33%)4/12 sample display deep related to NCBI –Blast Cryptosporidium bovis (this firststudy reported C. bovis in Iraq ) , (16.66%) 2/12 sample showed closed related to NCBI–Blast Cryptosporidiumandersoni.

Clinical, molecular, and pathological investigations of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in the middle of Iraq.

Background:Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), caused by Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), is a contagious neoplastic disease in sheep characterized by chronic respiratory signs, inducing the transformation of secretory epithelial cells of the distal respiratory tract.Aims:To perform clinical, epidemiological, and molecular studies with evaluation of some predisposing factors at the herd level of OPA infection in sheep in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq.Methods:The first step of the study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical cases of OPA in naturally infected sheep and correlation with observing respiratory signs. Seventy-five sheep with chronic respiratory signs were examined clinically, and by molecular and sequences analysis. The second step was the epidemiological part that was carried out on 195 randomly selected animals from 30 flocks, with the prevalence rate based on PCR; sex, age, and size of flocks were assessed, as well as macroscopic and microscopic features of the neoplastic lung. Deep nasal swabs and nasal secretion were collected from all animals. RNA extraction and RT-PCR were also carried out.Results:The results showed that 12 (16%) samples were positive for OPA, based on env gene-specific primers. Nucleotide sequences of partial 545 bp of the env gene showed (0.07–0.12) variations from global strains presented in the NCBI database. The prevalence rate of OPA was 21/195 (10.76%) with PCR. The epidemiological factors analysis showed that there was no effect of sex and herd size on the prevalence rates (p ≥ 0.01), whereas age was significantly affected and the age of 2–4 years was more susceptible (p ≥ 0.01). Gross and microscopic examinations were discussed with the confirmation of an OPA infection.Conclusion:The current study provides useful data about the clinical and epidemiological features of JSRV that is circulating in sheep of Iraq, and concludes that epidemiological studies and disease control may require multi-diagnostic assays.

Spatial variation of the (moist) damp soil properties in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq

Spatial variation of the (moist) damp soil properties in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq