Molecular epidemiology and histopathology study of molluscum contagious virus in patients with clinical lesions in Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq

Abstract

BackgroundMolluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a viral cutaneous infection that occasionally affects the mucous membrane and skin, mainly among children and young adults, occurring worldwide. MCV is a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the poxvirus family. The prevalence of MCV in Iraq and its frequency are mostly unknown, despite the virus being transmissible directly from person to person, with several significant outbreaks reported in recent years. This study represents the first investigation of MCV in the province of Al-Qadisiyah. Utilizing real-time PCR and histopathological examination, the research aimed to validate the clinical diagnosis of MCV. The study involved the histological examination of Molluscum contagiosum and compared it with real-time PCR analysis of MCV. MethodsThe study was conducted from October 1, 2022, to March 30, 2023. Lesion samples were taken from 80 patients initially. The disease had spread widely and quickly in the city, affecting individuals aged between 1 and 2 years who had been diagnosed with clinical lesions of MCV on various body areas. Non-random (purposive) samples were collected for the study. ResultsFollowing real-time PCR testing and histological examination (90 %), patients yielded positive results for Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), aligning with clinical diagnosis. Histopathological analysis revealed distinctive cytopathic effects and localized hyperplasia in epidermal keratinocytes indicative of Molluscum contagiosum. No significant disparity was observed between MCV infection and sex or age. Additionally, histological examination identified 8 (10 %) patients infected with human papillomaviruses. ConclusionThe present comprehension regarding the epidemiology and prevalence of MCV in Iraq remains limited. The findings highlight a significant rise in MCV infections compared to other infectious skin diseases, underscoring the urgency for further investigation to mitigate the risk of a potential global epidemic.