Akmola Region Research Articles

RESEARCH PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SAND AND CEMENT FOR FOAM CONCRETE PRODUCTION

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the properties of sand and cement. A comparative study of cements from different manufacturers for physical and mechanical characteristics, as well as analyzed the mining sites of quarry sand in Akmola region and their characteristics on the physical and mechanical properties. Evaluation of the physical and mechanical characteristics of Portland cement was made for the three types. The main evaluation parameters were: setting time, compressive and flexural strength. Performed studies have shown that the sand deposits «Eltok» (Type 1) on the physical and mechanical properties can be used for building purposes in the production of foamed concrete. A comparative analysis of the data setting time and strength properties of Portland cement shows that the most positive effect on the kinetics of concrete strength has «Kokshe-Cement» (Type 3). Based on the parameters, as well as taking into account their effectiveness on the physical and mechanical properties of concrete for further studies, the composition of Type 3 was chosen. As a result of the study of properties it is shown that the sands and cements are suitable for use in the foam concrete production.

Screening of sweet and grain sorghum genotypes for green biomass production in different regions of Kazakhstan

As the impact of global climate change increases, the interaction of biotic and abiotic stresses increasingly threatens current agricultural practices. The most effective solution to the problem of climate change and a decrease in the amount of atmospheric precipitation is planting extremely drought-resistant and high-yielding crops. Sorghum can grow in harsh conditions such as salinity, drought and limited nutrients, also it is an important part of the diet in many countries. Sorghum can be introduced in many zones of Kazakhstan. Plant height and yield of green plant biomass of 16 sorghum samples in arid conditions were determined based on a set of agrobiological characteristics for field screening. The height of the studied samples of grain sorghum was 0.47 ±0.03 m, and the height of sweet sorghum was much longer, reaching up to 2.88 ±0.12 m. Also, there was a strong difference in green biomass in cultivated areas under different soil and climatic conditions, the green biomass of sweet sorghum was 3.0 Mg∙ha –1, and in grain sorghum, it reached up to 57.4 Mg∙ha –1. Based on the data of the field assessment for various soil and climatic conditions, the following samples were identified for introduction into production: samples of sweet sorghum for irrigated and rainfed lands of the Almaty Region and in the conditions of non-irrigation agriculture of the Aktobe Region – a promising line ICSV 93046. For non-irrigation agriculture of the Akmola Region, genotypes of sweet and grain sorghum are ‘Chaika’, ‘Kinelskoe 4’ and ‘Volzhskoe 44’.

THE FIRST RECORD OF THE EUROPEAN WEATHERFISH <i>MISGURNUS FOSSILIS</i> (COBITIDAE) IN KAZAKHSTAN WATERS

The weatherfish was found in the Ivy Pond which belongs to the watershed of the River Koluton in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan. The weatherfish had a type of coloration (clearly expressed longitudinal stripes, no spots) which unambiguously connected it to the European weatherfish M. fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758). They were also characterized by the absence of lamina circularis . It is likely that the European weatherfish was accidentally introduced into the watershed of the River Koluton.

Viability and reproducibility of acclimatized shrubby plants in the conditions of Akmola region

This article considers the issues of increasing the stability and durability of spaces, as well as optimizing and expanding the range of industrial plantings by improving the esthetic properties of industrial plantations and the introduction of shrubs into the culture to enrich the visual environment. In introduced plants, in the process of restructuring the cycle of seasonal development, the start and end times of phenological phases change, and their duration decreases. At the same time, the flowering period is characterized by its elongation and duration no less than the most favorable climatic conditions. In general, the growing season of introduced plants in the Akmola region is much shorter than in their homeland and other geographical areas.

Study of Plant Growth and Essential Oil of Nepeta cataria L. in Kazakhstan

The genus Nepeta exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activity in medicine, agriculture, and the food industry. The purpose of the research is to develop the optimal agricultural technology for plantation cultivation of Nepeta cataria L. with the preservation of useful properties and to increase the content of essential oil in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The objects of research are annual plants N. cataria L. growing on a plantation in the Akmola region. It has been reliably proven that the increase in the growth of N. cataria L., the biomass, and the yield is positively affected by the application of complex fertilizer N100P80K120. The essential oil yield was 0.52% in the experiment without fertilizers and 0.57% in the experiment with fertilizers. The main components of the essential oil of N. cataria L. grown in the experimental plots (plot #1 and plot #2) were 4aα7α7aα-Nepetalactone (76.5612 and 79.3200%), β-caryophyllene (4.0001 and 4.0351%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.9789 and 2.5969%). The remaining components were contained in the essential oil in small quantities. The composition of the essential oil of plants from Kazakhstan was similar to the composition of the essential oil of plants from central Iran, Egypt, and Korea, because the main substance was nepetalactone. The conducted studies prove the success of growing catnip in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.

Influence of Biological Preparations on Germination, Growth, and Development of Alfalfa of the Kokshe Variety in the Hill and Plain Zone of the Akmola Region of Kazakhstan

Influence of Biological Preparations on Germination, Growth, and Development of Alfalfa of the Kokshe Variety in the Hill and Plain Zone of the Akmola Region of Kazakhstan

Risk analysis of bovine viral diarrhea in Kazakhstan

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an acute infectious disease caused by BVD virus (BVDV). BVD is characterized by fever, lesions of the mucosal lining of the digestive tract, diarrhea, conjunctivitis and rhinitis. This disease is considered as one of the most dangerous infectious diseases in animal husbandry worldwide because of its high prevalence, persistence in the environment, and severe clinical consequences. The purpose of this study is to assess the epizootological situation on BVD of cattle, which has developed by the beginning of 2021 in various regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.  For this purpose, we retrospectively analyzed samples of cattle serum collected in 2018-2020 by ELISA for the presence of antibodies to BVDV in them. It was found that BVD in cattle was prevalent even before 2021 in a significant area of Kazakhstan, while the total seroprevalence for BVDV was 67.3% (243/361; 95% CI: 0.37-0.63). Among the animals from which serum was taken, 51.2% of the animals were vaccinated with BVDV vaccines and 48.8% of the animals were unvaccinated. The average seroprevalence of antibodies to BVDV in unvaccinated animals was 36.4% (64/176; 95% CI: 1.2-2.5) positive samples were detected in unvaccinated animals in Zerenda, Astrakhan, Tselinograd and Shortanda districts of Akmola region, also in Akzhar and Kyzylzhar districts of North Kazakhstan region and Aksu district of Almaty region. The results obtained contribute to the disclosure of the epizootological situation of BVD in the territory of Kazakhstan, which will allow the full use of effective control measures, such as total vaccination of livestock in the risky regions of the infection and the introduction of strict restrictive measures to prevent further spread of the infection to other regions of the country. Keywords: Bovine viral diarrhea, cattle, enzyme immunoassay, Pestivirus, Togaviridae.

Introduction of trees plants in nurseries of Northern Kazakhstan from of the China

The manuscript presents the results of monitoring during the introduction near the capital of Kazakhstan of trees plants imported from China and planted in the nursery of the Akkol State Forestry Enterprise in the northern part of the Akmola region. Fraxinus Bungeana, Fraxinus Americana, Populus Euphratica were used as the object of study in the experiment. The adaptive characteristics of the selected plants were compared according to various bioecological indicators. Taxation and biometric indicators of these trees amounted to 60.1; 47.7; 22.3 percent. In samples of tree leaves of different sizes, the level of photosynthetic activity was determined. This indicator among the studied species was the lowest in Populus Euphratica (0.63 µg/g), average in Fraxinus Americana (0.76±0.01) and high in Fraxinus Bungeana (0.80 µg/g). The resistance of trees plants to the new environment was assessed by the amount of accumulation of heavy metals in their leaf blades. An increased concentration of copper and iron accumulated American ash, Bunge ash. The content of cadmium, lead, zinc did not exceed the MPC. In general, the monitoring showed that different types of trees introduced in the vicinity of the city of Nur-Sultan in the north of the Akmola region show different adaptive responses. It is shown that heavy metals accumulate more intensively in ash leaves. Populus Euphratica turned out to be the most resistant to this ecological environmental factor, and Fraxinus Bungeana is the most sensitive among ash representatives. In general, the adaptation of trees introduced from abroad in the region of northern Kazakhstan, near the city of Nur-Sultan, is carried out in accordance with their biological characteristics. It has been observed that Populus Euphratica is more resistant and Fraxinus Bungeana is the most sensitive species when introduced. In general, based on our research, an algorithm for short-term monitoring of introduced trees has been developed to preserve the biodiversity of ornamental plants. Key words: China, tree plants, nurseries, Northern Kazakhstan, introduction, photosynthesis, heavy metals crops

Innovative potential as a factor of socio-economic development

The article analyzes of existing approaches to the concept of innovative potential. Therewas formulated and approach for estimating an integrated indicator in the article. There was useda method of area diagrams to estimate the integrated indicator. There was calculated and the rankedthe innovative potential of the regions of Kazakhstan according to the final values. It is necessaryto analyze and assess the factors of innovative potential, which will help to determine the vectorfor development of the region for decades to build an efficiently functioning regional innovationsystem. The regions of Almaty, Nur-Sultan, Kostanay, Karaganda have high indicators ofinnovation potential in Kazakhstan. Mangistau, West Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan, Turkestanregions have rather low rates in comparison with other regions. The authors have observed thegrowth of innovation potential in Pavlodar, Aktobe and the regression of innovation potential inthe Akmola region.

Using GIS technologies to determine the weediness of agricultural crops in the example of the Akmola region

Data from the PlanetScope remote sensing mission were used to determine the infestation of crops in the Akmola region. Data were obtained from 17 districts and two municipal cities. The statistical analysis of objects is shown, and the minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation of the indicators of the studied sown areas in the Akmola region are revealed. Spring-summer and summer-autumn surveys of weed infestation of agricultural crops showed that despite the implementation of regular agrotechnical and chemical protective measures, the general condition of crops was determined as satisfactory (medium). The study shows that a complete database of information about agricultural, arable, and fallow fields could be easily formed with GIS technologies, and survey data of digitized crops in the Akmola region are available in real time for most users.

Economic effect of tourism development in the Akmola region

This article is aimed at studying the economic effect of tourism development in the Akmola region. In recent decades, tourism has become an important factor in the development of the regional economy. The study uses data collection and analysis methods, including statistics on tourist attendance, tourism income, employment in the tourism industry, and other relevant indicators. The analysis allows assessing the impact of tourism on the level of income and jobs in the region, as well as its contribution to the budget of the region. The results of the study will be useful for making decisions in the field of tourism development and formulating a strategy for attracting tourists to the Akmola region, thereby contributing to the sustainable economic development of this region.

Analysis of factors affecting the severity of car accidents in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan

The article presents the results of the analysis of statistical data on the number of victims of traffic accidents on the roads of Kazakhstan over the past five years, an analysis of the causes of road accidents is carried out, conclusions are drawn on the distribution of participants in road accidents depending on driving experience. An analysis of the condition of vehicles has been carried out, which makes it possible to predict a further increase in the number of victims. The purpose of the study was to identify the main factors that affect the number of dead participants in road accidents. As a result of research, it was determined that the main factor of severe consequences is the low level of training of drivers to make the right decision in stressful situations on the road. Additional factors are the unsatisfactory condition of roads in the Akmola region and a large number of vehicles that have a service life of more than twenty years and are not equipped with modern safety equipment.

АҚМОЛА ОБЛЫСЫНДА КӨГАЛДАНДЫРУҒА ЕНГІЗУ ҮШІН ПЕРСПЕКТИВАЛЫБҰТАЛЫ ӨСІМДІКТЕРДІҢ ҚҰРҒАҚШЫЛЫҚҚА ТӨЗІМДІЛІГІН ЗЕРТТЕУ

The research purpose was to study and recommend the most decorative types of shrubs with a number of drought resistance-related agronomic characters for introduction into gardening in Akmola region. The experiments were conducted under both open-field (nursery) and closed-field (greenhouse) conditions. We explored the application of drip irrigation, different propagation methods (field seeding or seedling planting), use of hydrogels and various fillers such as perlite, vermiculite, and gravel for soil structuring and moisture retention. The selection of the optimal approach was based on morphological indicators of seedlings, including height, annual growth rate, leaf flooding indicators, size, area measurements, and the timeframe for obtaining standard planting material. The leaf water retention capacity was assessed from May to September. We studied and compared the growth and development of selected shrub plants using conventional annual irrigation and horticultural fleece (agrotextile), as well as automated drip irrigation with the application of moisture-absorbing agents to the sowing and planting wells. To evaluate critical growth periods and irrigation needs, we analyzed leaf moisture and water retention capacity monthly under various watering conditions. High water retention capacity indicates the plants resistance to water deficiency, and the data studied varied in scores. The research identified critical irrigation periods in the arid conditions of the Akmola region. Morphological indicators of Tamarix ramosissima and Salix purpurea seedlings notably enhanced with drip irrigation and in nursery setting.

PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. БІРЖЫЛДЫҚ СЕППЕ КӨШЕТТЕРІНЕ AGRO-MIX, AGRARKA ЖӘНЕ ЭПИН БИОПРЕПАРАТТАРЫН ҚОЛДАНУ

This article presents studies of the effect of biological products "Agro-MIKS", "Agrarka" and "Epin" on the growth of annual seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in 2022 with the financial support of KATU named after. S. Seifullin of young scientists about research work carried out within the framework of internal grant funding No. 2VGF/21. The research work was carried out in a forest nursery located in the city of Schuchinsk, Burabay district, Akmola region. In the forest nursery, a total area of 0,4 ha was surveyed, of which 0.2 ha was pre-treated and sown with seeds of Pinus sylvestris L. Some details of this research work were published in other publications, but in this paper only one object of study, seedlings of Pinus sylvestris, was fully analyzed. L. The composition of chlorophyll was studied to assess seasonal growth and physiological development, as well as the biochemical activity of seedlings. The biological products used in the experimental samples were compared with each other and with control options. The biomass, growth and viability of seedlings were analyzed. Soil cultivation, sowing and care were carried out according to generally accepted methods of experimental work. The samples were built according to the linear-diagonal method, and the data were collected throughout the season. Statistical data were processed using the SPSS, STATISTICA 13, and SNEDECOR programs.

Новые встречи бородатой неясыти в Акмолинской области, Казахстан

This work provides a brief overview of the general distribution of the Great Grey Owl (Strix nebulosa) and its occurrences in Kazakhstan, based on literature and electronic sources. According to reports from various observers, three new sightings of the Great Grey Owl have been recorded in the forests of the Kokshetau Upland located in the Akmola region, which have been documented with photographs. Additionally, the paper presents a map of the all Great Grey Owl sightings in Kazakhstan.

Monitoring and Forecasting of Water Pollution by Heavy Metals

As a result of anthropogenic impact, significant changes occur in the morphometric, hydrological, chemical and other characteristics of water bodies, which in turn leads to changes in the structure, productivity and condition of aquatic ecosystems. Pollution of water bodies is the result of anthropogenic activities that lead to negative consequences - deterioration of water quality, threat to water bodies, deterioration of life and health of people. In order to monitor the water ecosystems of Akmola region, the research team took water samples from water bodies (Nura, Ishim Rivers of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Akmola region and Taldykol, Maybalyk and Zhaltyrkol Lakes), collected them in a database and conducted research.We constructed a mathematical model, after which the results were compared with full-scale data.According to water samples, the level of pollution of water sources was evaluated, the obtained data was entered into the database of the water ecosystem of Akmola region, and the collected data was predicted using the ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) model, mathematical model and the R programming language.

The role of small and medium enterprises in the formation of a sustainable tourism industry in Akmola region

The article examines the role of small and medium enterprises in the formation of the tourism industry and the overall growth of economic activity. The quantitative indicators and qualitative criteria used in determining small and medium enterprises, as well as the principles of sustainable destinations defined by the World Economic Forum, are analyzed. The program documents aimed at the development of various sectors of the economy, including tourism, are considered through the prism of the presence in them of measures to support small and medium enterprises, as well as the sustainability principles. The content of the main program documents of the tourism sector is analyzed in terms of the sustainability principles. The article also studies the trends in the development of small and medium enterprises in the Akmola region tourism industry.

Особенности многолетней изменчивости увлажнения ландшафтов Акмолинской области Республики Казахстан по данным спутниковой съемки

The aim of the study is to identify features of long-term variability of the moisture state of the vegetation and soil cover of the steppe zone of northern Kazakhstan. To identify the peculiarities of the variability of the state of natural humidification of landscapes (vegetation and soil) during the growing season of the long-term time interval (from 1976 to 2020), data from satellite images of the territory of the Ishim River Valley and the city of Atbasar, located in the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, were analyzed. Based on the data of long-term meteorological observations and on the results of decryption of satellite images, the variability of the NDMI humidity index (normalized difference index of moisture in vegetation and soils) for 44 years for the period 1976‑2020 was characterized. The NDMI humidity index has increased values and intensity of color in the images at the air temperature below the norm (or near the norm) and the amount of precipitation above the norm for this territory. The NDMI humidity index has lower values at air temperatures above normal (or near normal) and the sum of precipitation below normal for a given territory. The low degree of moisture in vegetation and soil at the time of satellite survey is preceded by the arid previous 30-day period (also vice versa). A color scale of gradation of the NDMI humidity index values for use in assessing the humidity of the landscapes of Akmola region and adjacent territories of the northern part of Kazakhstan is proposed.

IDENTIFICATION OF VIRAL INFECTION AND STUDY OF THE POTATO BREEDING MATERIAL RESISTENCE TO FUSARIUM DRY ROT

Potato suffers from severe viral and fungal pathogens infection in the process of production. Identification of pathogen resistance germplasm is of great significance in the breeding program.This study presents the results of tubers of foreign potato breeding lines for virus transmissionand subsequent artificial infection with the causative agent of dry fusarium rot. Potato viruses X-, Y-, S-, and M were identified in the studied samples by the ELISA method (DAS–ELISA). The third tuberous generation of PRC lines grown in the conditions of the Tselinograd district of the Akmola region was affected by individual viruses: PVM and PVX and their complexes, including PVM, PVY, PVX and PVS. It was established that potato breeding material was mainly infected with PVM (48.6%) and PVY (21.6%). Using microscopic analysis and the classical PCR method, 3 local isolates of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum were identified in tuber samples of potatoes with Fusarium symptoms. On virus-free tuber material of 18 potato breeding lines, resistance to the Kazakh isolate of dry Fusarium rot "Nevsky" was studied in laboratory conditions. The average degree of resistance to F. oxisporum micromycetes was established in the potato breeding line: Z 861-1 and relatively high in the lines: Z 440-3. These lines can be considered as a high-quality source material in the breeding process when creating new competitive potato varieties.

Некоторые особенности гнездования орлов на территории ГНПП «Буйратау», Казахстан

Republican state institution “State National Park “Buiratau” (hereinafter referred as SNNP “Buiratau”) was created on March 11, 2011, in Ereymentau district of the Akmola region and the Osakarovsky district of the Karaganda region. Based on the analysis of literary sources and our observations, it can be assumed that about 227 bird species from 18 orders, including 19 species from the bids of prey (Minakov et al., 2019) can be encountered here. Since the Park formation, we began to mark raptor nests on its territory. Since 2022, together with the Biodiversity Research and Conservation Center (BRCC), we have been monitoring nest occupancy for three eagle species known to us: Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). 31 eagle nests are known on the territory of Buiratau State National Park and its protective zone, of them 14 belonging to Eastern Imperial Eagle, 8 – to Golden Eagle, and 9 – to Steppe Eagle. For the period of 2022–2023, the number of identified inhabited nests (belonging to nesting pairs, used for nesting in a given year) changed slightly. For Eastern Imperial Eagle, it increased from 6 to 7, for Golden Eagle it increased from 1 to 3, for Steppe Eagle it remained the same, 3 breeding pairs. Encounters were recorded during eagle nests monitoring, indicating unusual, in our opinion, timelines of nesting for Golden Eagle and Eastern Imperial Eagle. For example, on May 26, 2023, we discovered a clutch of three Golden Eagle eggs in a nest on a cliff face on a 6 m high rock. The number of eggs in a clutch indicated that it was not a repeated one. Literary sources indicate that in Northern and Central Kazakhstan Golden Eagle starts laying eggs in the early April (Bragin, 1987). According to A.I. Marakshin, Golden Eagle nest with one egg was found near Zerenda on April 24 (Korelov, 1962). Thus, the Golden Eagle nest with a clutch located on May 26, 2023, can be considered late. It is unknown what could have caused the delay in the onset of reproduction of this Golden Eagle pair. On June 1 of the same year, one month old nestlings were observed in another Golden Eagle nest built on a birch tree.