Airport Construction Research Articles

Modification Effect of Stone Column Dimensions and Configuration on Bearing Capacity Efficiency and Settlement in Soft Soils

In airport construction, one crucial aspect to consider is the condition of the underlying soil on the runway. Following soil investigations at X project, it was determined that the soil condition is primarily characterized by soft soil layers, with Standard Penetration Test (SPT) values ranging from 4 to 10. In response to this condition, soil reinforcement was carried out using the stone column method. The objective of this study was to compare the bearing capacity and settlement of stone columns under various dimensional variations (spacing of 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.2 m; diameters of 0.4 m, 0.5 m, 0.6 m) and configuration patterns (square and triangular). Bearing capacity calculations were done manually, and settlement calculations were performed both manually and with the assistance program. The results were presented in tables and graphs. Using the FHWA method for bearing capacity calculations, it was found that bearing capacity increases as the diameter is increased and the spacing is reduced. Conversely, bearing capacity decreases as the diameter is reduced and the spacing is increased. The ultimate bearing capacity value for the triangular pattern installation exceeded that of the square pattern. Regarding settlement calculations after manual stone column installation, it was observed that settlement decreases as the diameter increases and the spacing between columns decreases. Settlement increases under opposite conditions. Settlement calculations using the Plaxis program focused on diameter and spacing between stone columns. During the service life, the highest settlement occurred with the triangular pattern, while the square pattern exhibited the lowest settlement.

Content analysis of the logistics project of international trade on the example of intermodals transportation

The aggressive war of the Russian against Ukraine dealt a devastating blow to the world economy, the transport industry, in particular, the world's leading carriers of goods, freight forwarding companies, were seriously affected. Also, in the article, the authors performed a content analysis of the modern theoretical base of logistics project management, highlighted the problem of substantiating the parameters of the products of logistics programs and projects. The features and possibilities of using the international rules of Incoterms 2020 are described to provide a clearer picture of the work of the logistics project by types of transportation of goods, for more effective management of resources in it. The authors emphasize that logistics projects are often divided into two phases: creation and operation; in addition, the importance of logistics projects for efficient transportation of goods and cargo and their impact on the competitiveness of the intermodal transport system is described. This study allows for a more detailed understanding of the features of managing the phases of logistics project implementation, especially in the post-war period, and also brings new knowledge to project management. Project logistics is a complex service for a specific investment project, which includes all methods of goods delivery, consulting, development of a transport concept and related services. Project logistics is built on a clear time frame and sequence. Thanks to project transportation, the construction of airports, factories, terminals, hubs and other large industrial enterprises becomes possible. Obtaining the maximum benefits from participation in logistics projects from cargo transportation of the transport market, taking into account the component of international mechanisms "Incoterms 2020" of balanced development of the country, which provides for high productivity, fair distribution of opportunities and results of profits from activities in logistics centers, hubs, ports in the paradigm of uncertainty of crises.

Permafrost change and its engineering effects under climate change and airport construction scenarios in northeast China

Climate warming leads to the aggravation of infrastructures and environmental risks in permafrost regions. There are few reports about the interaction between airport runway and permafrost foundation. Based on long term field monitoring, remote sensing and comparative analysis approaches, our study quantitatively investigates the impacts of runway and climate on permafrost in northernmost China, and also the engineering problems are analyzed. Results show that the atmospheric inversion in winter controls the regional permafrost distribution in the study area. Ground surface warmed significantly after vegetation removal because of the runway construction. The maximum temperature difference among the forest, the swamp and the bared gravel can reach to 30 °C in summer. Such surface alterations caused abnormally rapid degradation of permafrost within the context of climate warming. The rate of permafrost table deepening varies from 0.461 to 0.590 m/a over the 2007–2017 periods. Also, the annual mean ground temperature at the 13 m depth increased at a rate of 0.054–0.130 °C /a. Its annual increase value is 0 ∼ 0.47 °C, with an average 0.108 ± 0.124 °C. In turn, permafrost degradation caused runway safety problems, such as the decrease of bearing capacity, increase of longitudinal slope, decrease of planeness, pavement cracks, density decrease of the foundation and cement concrete pavement cavity. However, in the natural places, the permafrost remained relatively stable and didn’t show a continued degradation trend. The permafrost table fluctuated with air temperature changes. Its interannual fluctuation range is 0 ∼ 0.25 m, with an average 0.08 ± 0.08 m. The interannual fluctuation range of ground temperature at the depth of 13 m is 0.01 ∼ 0.10 °C, with an average 0.06 ± 0.03 °C. In addition, the zero curtain phenomena were observed at the study site. Once the zero curtain periods were over, the ground temperature warmed rapidly. These findings have positive implication for new runway design in permafrost regions.

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Jabatan Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pengadaan Barang Dan Jasa

Introduction: The element of “abusing authority” is a core part of the corruption offense. 
 Purposes of the Research: Abuse of authority is a form of unlawful act.
 Methods of the Research: The method in this study was carried out using the type of research used was normative legal research. The approach to the problem used in this paper is a statutory approach. The sources of legal materials use Primary Legal Materials and Secondary Legal Materials. The technique of collecting legal materials uses statutory regulations, books and the internet, which is also the technique of managing and analyzing legal materials using qualitative analysis methods.
 Results of the Research: In terms of carrying out the duties and authorities as a definitive official as well as a task-carrying official in the Southwest Maluku district communication and information office, the actions of an official based on the authority attached to his or her position are not necessarily free from legal problems. In order to continue the Runway construction work (Moa airport construction work) sourced from the 2012 Fiscal Year Budget, the defendant PM as a Budget User (PA) and as a Commitment Making Officer (PPK) because his negligence resulted in state financial losses

Research on Full-Element and Multi-Time-Scale Modeling Method of BIM for Lean Construction

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a very effective technology for supporting lean construction. However, the current application of BIM during the construction phase does not incorporate all necessary elements of the construction site in a comprehensive manner. Additionally, the depiction of the construction process lacks the desired level of detail. These limitations impede the application of BIM-based lean construction. In this paper, we propose a full-element and multi-time-scale modeling approach to BIM during the construction phase. Our method first establishes a full-element model by reconstructing the main body of the building based on construction subdivision dimensions, construction technology, and management objectives. We then create a three-dimensional model that includes a process elements model of circulating materials, temporary facilities, construction machinery, and surrounding environmental elements. The integrated model of these elements provides a comprehensive representation of BIM at any static time point. Second, we conduct multi-time-scale simulations based on the full-element model. Our approach divides the entire time, local time, and special time points into three scales to simulate project progress, local structure construction technology, and working conditions. A case study of the Daxing International Airport construction project verifies that our method can achieve lean management of construction resources. Full-element modeling provides a comprehensive BIM representation at any static time point, thereby supporting lean construction by improving construction resource management, reducing costs, and enhancing efficiency.

Prediction model of runway thawing settlement in frozen soil region under aircraft dynamic load

To investigate the influence of different years and aircraft dynamic load parameters on the thawing settlement of airport runways in frozen soil region, a three-dimensional numerical model is applied to analyze the thawing settlement effect of the runway in frozen soil region under different aircraft quality, taxiing speed, pavement evenness index and years. And the prediction model of runway thawing settlement in frozen soil region is established, which is affected by the multi-factor comprehensive influence of aircraft quality, taxiing speed, pavement evenness index, and years. The goodness of fit of the prediction model is 0.988 under a 95% confidence level, which shows that the prediction model can objectively predict the thawing settlement of runway in frozen soil region. The study provides technical support for airport construction and development in frozen soil region.

Belt and Road Initiative in Developing Countries: Lessons from Five Selected Countries in Africa

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become a household name for developing countries, especially in Africa. The BRI proposal by Chinese President Xi Jinping was positively received by many countries, including policymakers in China. In response, the Chinese Government committed to investing USD 1 trillion over ten years from 2013 to 2023. As a result, 152 countries signed a cooperation agreement with China to work under the BRI framework. The BRI has played a vital role in addressing the global infrastructures gap through the construction of modern highways, airports, high-speed railways, bridges, power generation (hydropower), and industrial parks. As a result, this has enhanced connectivity and economic growth between Asia, Europe, and Africa. Despite the BRI’s significant role in strengthening trade, infrastructure and investment links between China and other countries, there is limited literature on specific countries’ experience with the initiative. This study, therefore, will advance our understanding of the BRI, especially on the conceptualization of the term; comparative analysis of Africa–China relationships before and after the BRI; the benefits in relation to the “Five Connectivities” and the challenges the BRI is facing in Africa. The article is based on a literature review and case study as research methodologies mainly used the Policies, Projects, Initiatives, and Strategies (PPIS) as a data source. The study focuses on five African countries; Uganda, Kenya, Egypt, Djibouti, and Mozambique. These countries were selected purposefully for analysis because of their experience, long-term relationships with China, and strategic locations. The findings revealed that the BRI lacked a clear description and that it was difficult to distinguish between BRI projects and other regular economic or diplomatic relations. The study also identified four differences between Africa–China relationships before and after the BRI. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the BRI has positively contributed to all five connectivity pillars. However, the major challenges reported concerning the initiative from the various countries were: procurement corruption, low/lack of involvement of stakeholders, high compensation prices, labor violations, increasing debts, and environmental hazards. In conclusion, while the BRI has brought about significant infrastructure development and economic benefits, the project has also experienced some challenges. This study, therefore, contributes to the body of knowledge on China’s Belt and Road Initiative and its impact on African countries, specifically in Uganda, Kenya, Djibouti, Mozambique, and Egypt. The paper then provides conclusions and policy implications as well as future research opportunities in the current body of the literature.

The first American occurrence of Phoenicopteridae fossil egg and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

ABSTRACT Fossil bird eggs from the Pleistocene of the Americas are rare. Previous records include Uruguay, Bermuda, California (USA) and Mexico, including reports of complete fossil eggs from extinct puffin (Fratercula dowi) from California, Tinamou (Tinamidae indet.) from Uruguay, Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) from Bermuda and Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) from México. The fossil record of flamingos in Mexico is restricted to palaeolakes in Central Mexico, which is very interesting because the current distribution of flamingos in North America is restricted to some areas of the Southeastern United States and Yucatan Peninsula, which are far from palaeontological sites. We report a fossil flamingo egg found during the construction of a new International Airport ‘Felipe Angeles’, Santa Lucía, State of México. This egg is the first Pleistocene fossil egg record for the family Phoenicopteridae, the first fossil egg record of this family in the Americas and the second record of a phoenicopterid fossil egg in the world. We re-identified the fossil eggs described by Martin del Campo in the 1940s, suggesting that they are also flamingo eggs. Using biogeographical and climate niche data for family Phoenicopteridae in North America, we infer the presence of a salinity and shallow palaeolake during the Late Pleistocene, with climatic condition being warmest and wetter than at present.

EVALUATION OF PALIHAN JAVANESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH WORSHIP ROOM DESIGN TOWARDS NOISE HANDLING

The construction of the New Yogyakarta International Airport required Palihan Javanese Christian Church to be relocated. Although it has been relocated, the new location of Palihan Javanese Christian Church remains very close to New Yogyakarta International Airport. The design of worship space at Palihan Javanese Christian Church then becomes a big challenge. Noise is one of the most challenging aspects for the success of the space design. Research on noise in the worship room of Palihan Javanese Christian Church was conducted to find out how much noise that enters the worship room of Palihan Javanese Christian Church and its causes, so that the design of the worship room of Palihan Javanese Christian Church can be evaluated to be better. The research was conducted by measuring noise in the worship room using a Sound Level Meter and by identifying the design of the worship room of Palihan Javanese Christian Church. From the research that has been done, noise that occurs in the worship room of Palihan Javanese Christian Church still exceeds the acceptable noise level for worship space.

Impact of Airports on Landside Industrial Development: A Case Study of Brisbane Airport

Numerous studies have established strong connections between air traffic and economic growth at the regional level. However, without consideration of individual airports’ immediate vicinities, this aggregate view can lead to an overly simplistic conclusion about the role of airports in their urban environment. The impact of airports on local economic development is evaluated through a case study of Brisbane Airport by using primary data sourced from semi-structured interviews and a survey. The results demonstrate that the role of airports as transport hubs is not the dominant mechanism that drives industries to locate in airport areas. Rather, the local urban context is a dominant driver for development in and around airports. Based on the survey and interview results, urbanization economies have the highest significance on the landside industrial location decision, with a mean of 3.53 in terms of importance level. The findings provide a reference for policymakers regarding investment in airport expansion or construction, as well as a refinement of the understanding of the local economic impact of airports.

Resolusi Konflik Berbasis Masjid dalam Sengketa Pembangunan Bandara Internasional di Yogyakarta

This research revealed how mosque-based conflict resolution was in disputes over the construction of an international airport in Yogyakarta. The research method used qualitative research with case study, while data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results showed that the Al Hidayah Mosque in Kulonprogo Regency Yogyakarta was located on land that would be used as an airport. Aside from being a place of worship, the mosque also functions as a post for the people's movement against the government's demolition of houses, land, and places of worship (mosques) to build an airport. However, there were attempts by both parties to find a conflict resolution in resolving the issue. This means that the mosque was originally used as a place of conflict, but with various dynamics it had become a vehicle for conflict resolution between the community and the government in disputes over the construction of airports.

Dampak pembangunan Yogyakarta international airport di daerah rawan bencana tsunami dengan dukungan sistem informasi geografis

The construction of a new airport in tsunami disaster prone area in Kulon Progo Regency has been impacting in land use and land value. The changes in land use will impact on changing tsunami hazard model. This research aims to analyze the impact of a new airport on physical changes and land value changes in Temon District with geographic information system. The research begins with inventory of spatial data from various agencies. Multi-temporal image interpretation is resulted in 2015 and 2020 land use maps. Physical changes and tsunami models analysis were carried out using spatial analysis in ArcGIS. The making land value change maps using 2015 and 2021 land value zone maps. The analysis effect of new airports and tsunami hazard using multiple linear regression. Data validation was carried out by sampling techniques and field surveys. The results of spatial analysis is physical growth from 2015-2020 covering an area 418,019 m² and loss of a built area 149,261 m². The changes in the tsunami model from 2015-2020 increased by 118,740 m². The changes in land value from 2015-2021 is increasing the average value of Rp. 1,317,088/ meter² or 652%. The results of multiple linear regression analysis and community interviews concluded that the existence of an airport is very influential on increasing land value compared to the effect of tsunami vulnerability.

Study on distress of airport pavement foundation and solution applied to Noi Bai international airport

The service quality and life of the runway, taxiway and apron pavement system heavily depends on the condition of its foundation, including base and/or subbase layers and subgrade. In the state of water-saturated condition, the strength of foundation would decline significantly, then inducing the downgrade of overall strength of the pavement. In the long term, the impacts from adverse environmental conditions and aircraft wheel loading will mix-up the materials of foundation layers, leading to the degradation of the original physical and mechanical properties of the original designed material. Furthermore, the accumulation of residual deformation and appearance of voids in the granular material can formulate the large holes beneath cement concrete slab. That, in turn, changes the load bearing model of the slab compared to the original design and causes the structural damage of the slab and threatens flight safety. Due to the complication of pavement foundation, the traditional treatment countermeasures usually need a long time for completion, while the airfield system often requires short and high-quality repair time. Therefore, there should be special solutions to satisfy the practical application. The article analyzes the cause, proposes the solutions for pavement foundation treatment and presents an initial application to Noi Bai International Airport. The findings of this study could be critical and significance basis for both academic and practical applications to maintain the service quality of airport construction infrastructure in Vietnam.

Design Hydrographs in Small Watersheds from General Unit Hydrograph Model and NRCS-NOAA Rainfall Distributions

It is time to shift our paradigm of small watershed design from a graphic (or tabular) to a theoretical method, because (1) the recent general unit hydrograph (UH) model can convert a design hyetograph to a design hydrograph simply, accurately, and theoretically; (2) the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has recommended that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 rainfall data of depths and distributions at a specific site, which is often called the NRCS-NOAA rainfall distributions, should be used for small watershed design if runoff data are unavailable; and (3) in this paper, we have presented a design procedure that formulates design hydrographs from the NRCS-NOAA Atlas 14 rainfall distributions and the general UH model automatically, using the MATLAB convolution function. A literature review indicated that the current practice for design hydrographs in small watersheds from hyetographs is laborious because both hyetographs and UHs are discrete. By contrast, the theoretical general UH model can significantly simplify this process. In this research, we first found analytic design hydrographs from rectangular and triangular hyetographs, which were next used to validate the MATLAB convolution method. We then proposed a double exponential rainfall distribution for both asymmetric and symmetric hyetographs. After that, we modified the symmetric exponential distribution model to describe NRCS-NOAA Atlas 14 data for site-specific hyetographs, which are finally convolved with the general UH model for site-specific design hydrographs, using the MATLAB convolution function. It is noteworthy that the proposed method extends the classic rational method from the peak discharge to the whole hydrograph; and it is valid for both continuous and discrete hyetographs. Hence, it provides a powerful tool in urban development, agriculture land use, roadway planning, and airport construction; it can also be used to evaluate an existing drainage system under various meteorologic–hydrologic conditions. Finally, we expect that this research will shift our current design practice and university UH teaching from an empirical to a theoretical paradigm in the near future.

Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulation on Dynamic Response of Island Reclamation Coral Sand under Aircraft Load.

The construction of island airports on coral reefs inevitably encounters the impact load of aircraft takeoff and landing. However, previous studies have not presented a detailed description of the dynamic response of the coral sand beneath the runways of island reclamation airports under aircraft load. In the current study, the coral sand of Mischief Reef Airport in the Nansha Islands, China, was selected as the background. The pore water pressure and strain characteristics of reshaped coral sand under aircraft loads with different dynamic stress amplitudes and vibration frequencies were studied using dynamic triaxial tests. Particle discrete element software was employed to study the deformation characteristics of coral sand with different particle sizes and porosities under aircraft loads. Results show that when the dynamic stress amplitude and vibration frequency were small, the pore water pressure and strain of the coral sand samples gradually increased with the number of load cycles, and the growth rate became increasingly small. When the dynamic stress amplitude and vibration frequency were large, the axial strain of the coral sand samples increased with the vibration frequency, and the growth rate exhibited an increasing trend. The deformation of the coral sand samples increased with porosity under aircraft loading. The larger the variation range of the coral sand particle size was, the larger the coral sand deformation caused by aircraft takeoff and landing load was. These results can provide a reference for the treatment and repair of the airstrip foundation of island airports.

Optimizing the Planning of Airport Airside Expansion Projects to Minimize Air Traffic Disruptions and Construction Cost

This paper presents the development of a novel multiobjective model for optimizing the planning of airport airside expansion projects that provides the capability of minimizing both airport operations disruption cost and total construction cost. The model computations are performed in four main modules: (1) a simulation module that calculates and quantifies the impact of airport construction activities on airport operations, (2) a multiobjective genetic algorithms optimization module that identifies an optimal schedule for airport airside expansion projects, (3) a scheduling module that calculates the start and finish times of each construction activity, and (4) a cost module that computes the total cost of construction-related disruptions in airport operations and the total construction cost. A real-life case study of an airport airside expansion project is analyzed to illustrate the use of the model and highlight its original contributions to the body of knowledge including its novel methodologies for (1) quantifying and minimizing the impact of construction activities on airport operations, (2) analyzing and minimizing the impact of air traffic data and airport operations on total construction cost, and (3) generating a set of optimal construction plans including optimal project start time, activities start time, and weekly and daily work plans for all activities. The results of the case study clearly illustrate the original contributions of the developed model and its novel capabilities that are expected to support airport and construction planners in their efforts to improve the cost-effectiveness and functional performance of airports during airside expansion projects.

Aviation and carbon emissions: Evidence from airport operations

Carbon emissions have become a significant concern for the development of the aviation industry. Current studies provide valuable insights into aircraft and airport construction's effect on carbon emissions at a micro level, while the impact of airport operations on cities' carbon emissions at a macro level remains under-investigated. This study investigates whether and how airport operation would affect cities' carbon emissions. This study draws a causality relying on a quasi-natural experiment based on airport operation shock events that increased certain cities' transportation options and changed cities' economic activities and carbon emissions. A total of 4938 datasets among 280 China's prefecture-level cities during the period 1999–2017 are analysed via the Difference-in-Differences model. Our estimation results show that airport operation significantly increases cities' carbon emissions, with a 4.3% increase in carbon emissions in cities that opened new airports compared to those cities without new airport operations. The mediation effect indicates that the substitution impact of transport increases cities' carbon emissions by 0.3%. Furthermore, increasing the science and technology expenditure ratio can offset the impact of airport operations on cities' carbon emissions. Our study provides implications for policymakers and stakeholders concerning mitigating carbon emissions to promote the green aviation industry and optimise airport construction and operation.

Assessing Good Practices in Construction Safety and Phasing Plans

Construction Safety and Phase Planning (CSPP) is a crucial document to have an impact on normal airport operations for any airport construction project. The basic intent of every CSPP is to minimize risk and to ensure that airport operations are not hindered at the time of construction activities taking place on the site. It is important to have such documents readily planned and prepared before initiating any construction activity at the airport. However, the requirements for such documents vary significantly around the world. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) helps to create a mutual understanding of aviation policy, framework, and guidance. There is a lack of data identifying the differences between ICAO and CSPP. This can be challenging in terms of participating in the overseas market for consultancies and engineering firms for the very first time. Eventually, to perform the best practice for CSPP development, a lot of practicing firms find it arduous as there is little data available on understanding the best practice. This paper provides data that discusses and questions the possibility of best practices for CSPP development within the current industry and is further bolstered by case studies, surveys, and other empirical research found in project management research. The paper also confers the key differences present in the current practicing CSPP developments and the requirements published in ICAO states.

Factors Affecting Project Performance in Rwanda: Case Study of Bugesera Airport Construction

Factors Affecting Project Performance in Rwanda: Case Study of Bugesera Airport Construction

Multiobjective Gate Assignment Model Considering Carbon Emissions

It has been a main concern for governments to reduce the carbon emission of the aviation industry. The paper proposes a multiobjective gate assignment model that considers the carbon emission at the airport surface to facilitate environmental-friendly airport construction. Three objectives are considered in the model to reduce carbon emissions, including the proportion of flights assigned to the contact gate, aircraft taxiing fuel consumption, and gate assignment robustness. In order to achieve better performance on all objectives, a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is used to obtain the optimal results. The operation data from a domestic airport is deployed to validate the model. The optimal results of the gate assignment model are compared with the original scheme. It indicates that the proposed model can effectively reduce carbon emissions. The study can provide a strategy for gate assignment to reduce carbon emissions and improve the management of the airport.