Airport Access Research Articles

Airport Surface Access and Mobile Apps

Purpose: Airport Surface Access faces two main opposite issues: (1) cars, being the main transport mode, contribute to the increasing level of congestion and pollution of cities; and (2) simultaneously, parking fees are one important source of airports commercial revenue, creating a dilemma for airports when facing the problem. Following the recent trend of air passengers travelling with Smartphone (78% in 2013), the purpose of this paper is to monitor the adoption of mobile Applications (Apps) by airports and to analyze if the information and functions provided in those Apps can help to overcome the above two issues. Design/methodology/approach: 31 iPhone App of some of the largest European airports were evaluated in the lab using the evaluation model of Destinations Mobile Applications (Scolari and Fernandez-Cavia 2014) adapted for for the Airport Surface Access on Airport Apps Findings and Originality/value: The Apps evaluated provided a very limited functionality to help passengers to plan and book their trips to/from the airports on public transports and gave high priority to parking information and services. Originality/value: Although Airport Surface Access has been a widely researched, the originality of this paper is the analysis of airport mobile Apps as a potential tool for airports to deal with the surface airport access problems.Access, Airports, Mobile Internet, Commercial Revenues

Interrelationship between Airport Enplanements and Accessibility

Increasingly, because urbanized areas have access to multiple airports, airlines must compete for passengers. One such location is the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area with three international airports within a 30-mi radius, each governed by a different planning authority. A traveler's choice to fly from a particular airport depends on a number of factors, chiefly convenient accessibility to the airport. Transportation planning agencies in the area often plan for network improvements to provide the best accessibility to a single major airport, although such improvements may also provide accessibility benefits to airports outside their jurisdiction. This paper presents an approach to estimate airport accessibility by highway and transit for both peak and off-peak hours. Furthermore, accessibility to these airports for a base year and a 20-year planning horizon are measured. The accessibility measure presented in the paper incorporates congestion travel times as obtained from a travel demand model. The results show that accessibility varies greatly for competing airports and, with that variation, there appears to be a correlation with total airport enplanements. The analysis also reveals the importance of taking a multimodal and multiple time-of-day approach to accessibility analysis.

An Experiment of Providing Forecast Travel Time Information with Incidents for the Airport Access

An Experiment of Providing Forecast Travel Time Information with Incidents for the Airport Access

Modeling joint airport and route choice behavior for international and metropolitan airports

The main objective of this study is to model the airport and route choice behavior for a direct flight from Taiwan to Shanghai. We adopt a stated preference approach to design choice scenarios and evaluate the effects of airport operating strategy. Further, we formulate a nested logit model that combines the choice of airport and flight route and analyze the trade-off between airport characteristics, access factors, and flight attributes. Our empirical findings indicate that access time and access cost are both important aspects in airport choice, while air fare and flying time significantly influence the route choice of travelers. Further, a fast check-in service at airports have an impact on the travelers with high personal income, while frequent fliers on business trips are more concerned with the daily frequency of flights. In particular, the travelers prefer to arrive at a metropolitan airport than an international airport but no significant difference in departure airport. Finally, this study is the first of its kind to propose a two-dimensional strategy map to help operators develop a price strategy.

Optimizing Ridesharing Services for Airport Access

This paper addresses the problem of optimally routing and scheduling airport shuttle vehicles that offer pickup and drop-off services to customers through ridesharing. This problem, which is a version of the dial-a-ride problem, is formulated as a mixed integer program. For the solution, an exact approach applying constraint programming in a column generation framework and the adaptation of two existing heuristics are proposed. Implementations of the mathematical program and proposed solution approaches for three operational policies are presented. The performance of the proposed approaches in regard to computational requirements and solution quality was evaluated in a real-world case study involving service records for one service day out of Washington, D.C., Dulles International Airport in Chantilly, Virginia, provided by an actual airport shuttle service provider. Results show that the heuristics provide good approximations to the exact solution.

An Impact Analysis of the Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Access MRT System — Considering the interaction between land use and transportation behavior

The Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Access MRT (mass rapid transit) System, a large scale transportation project, is under construction in Taiwan and expected be partially in service from 2015. However, the official report of the impact analysis of the project is based on traditional mechanisms for project evaluation and doesn't consider the interaction between land use and transportation behaviors. Furthermore, the official report includes some inappropriate indexes for project evaluation. This study establishes a framework of an interaction model of land use and transportation model, called the computable urban economic (CUE) model and uses it to review the original cost-benefit analysis of the Airport MRT project. In addition, the CUE model explicitly considers the usage of scooters, which plays an important role in commuting, private and business trips in Taiwan and other Asian developing countries, as a mode of transport.

Criteria for Evaluating Aerotropolis Service Quality

This paper provides an exploratory analysis from the perspective of the aerotropolis operators, aiming to obtain the criteria for evaluating the service quality of the aerotropolises in Korea and Taiwan. Interviews and questionnaires were carried out, focusing on the public and private institutions involved in aerotropolis services. A fuzzy method was employed to measure the importance of the aerotropolis service quality criteria. The results reveal that airport access modes, transfer hub, and government policy planning are the main criteria that affect the service quality of an aerotropolis. Additionally, the paper reveals the development strategies for the Incheon and Taoyuan aerotropolises. It shows that the Incheon aerotropolis is primarily motivated by tourism, followed by the development of an airport-related industry zone and a residential zone. However, for the Taoyuan aerotropolis, the creation of an airport-related industry zone is the driving, followed by tourism and a residential zone.

Mode Choice Behavior of Various Airport User Groups for Ground Airport Access

In this research, we used a multinomial logit (MNL) discrete choice analysis technique to deepen the understanding of the mode choice behavior of various airport user groups categorized by trip purpose and trip distance for ground airport access. We used revealed preference (RP) data collected by an on-site-survey administrated by the Korea Transport Institute (KOTI) at the Kimpo International Airport passenger terminal in South Korea. Initially, four basic models were selected from a variety of model specifications, and these were analyzed to address general preferences in mode choice. The models were then evaluated in terms of the resulting estimation. The best-fitting model specification among four models was chosen for further study. Both trip distance models (standard-distance (SD) and long-distance (LD)) and trip purpose models (departing (D) and non-departing (ND)) were estimated. The results analyzed in this study encompass an unambiguous spectrum of mode choice behaviors associated with distinct airport user groups. The fundamental information, either revealed or reflected by modeling ground airport access for various airport user groups, could be essential not only to transportation planners -especially at the first phase of airport planning- but also to airport authorities faced with difficulties in managing ground transportation facilities to effectively serve airport users.

Extending competition in network industries: Can input markets circumvent the need for an administered access regime?

Unbundling bottlenecks in the value chain of network industries has made it possible to introduce retail and some upstream competition into the sectors, but access to the unbundled assets, and to certain natural inputs, is generally achieved by a command and control administrative process which defines access products and sets administrative prices for them. Yet this mode of price setting and allocation is contentious, difficult and fallible. The paper explores the alternative approach of using input markets. Six examples are reviewed: three relating to natural resources (spectrum, water abstraction rights and natural gas), and three to manufactured inputs (airport landing slots, trail paths and access to pipes and wires). The analysis shows that market design is crucial; that achieving effective competition without structural measures is problematic; and that some markets have to be built on regulatory underpinnings. However, the potential benefits are large and lessons learnt can be applied elsewhere.

Mode Choice Behavior of Various Airport User Groups for Ground Airport Access

Mode Choice Behavior of Various Airport User Groups for Ground Airport Access

Employment in Large U.S. Metropolitan Airport Areas

Airport area planning founders on the lack of a basis for realistic projections of future employment. Using a commercial establishment database including detailed data on location, activities (sector), establishment type, and employment for the 62 airports with scheduled passenger service in the 51 metropolitan areas with resident populations of one million or more in 2010, this paper makes inroads towards addressing those needs. The results confirm earlier findings that airport areas contain significant employment but also finds that favorable land price, rather than airport access, is the likely salient location factor for all but direct transportation-providing activities and accommodations. These results will help guide planners in developing airport areas and in forming informed expectations of the impact of airport cities on regional economies.

Airport Cities in U.S. Metropolitan Context

Airports have long been a focus of urban planners. Airport cities, one of the three possible means of addressing the need for rapid airport access, are held to have emerged out of the aviation age. Systematic research into their prevalence and nature is lacking. Thus, airport city planning remains an ad hoc process without theoretical or empirical guidelines. Using Census 2000 CTPP data for the 51 most populous U.S. metropolitan areas, the size and composition of airport area employment are placed in the context of three elements of urban form which characterize metropolitan spatial patterns: cones, corridors, and clusters. The areas surrounding major airports support significant aggregations of employment which are, on average, half as large as the corresponding CBDs. Transportation-providing employment is by far the most heavily represented sector. Transportation-supporting employment, especially wholesaling, is also represented. Transportation-using employment, such as producer services, is in nearly as much evidence as it is in other non-CBD urban sub-centers. These results provide a set of grounded expectations for those planning airport area development or re-development.

Exploring characteristics of airport access mode choice: a case study of Korea

This paper explores air passengers' behavior of airport access mode choice and develops airport access mode choice models for two major domestic airports in Korea, Gimpo Airport and Daegu Airport. First, descriptive analyses are conducted to identify whether the key explanatory variables such as trip purpose, travel time, and travel cost are statistically different among airport access modes. Second, logistic regression models are proposed for three types of airport access mode choices: auto and public transit, auto and bus, and auto and subway. The model results indicate that the choice of airport access mode is significantly affected by travel characteristics and sociodemographic variables. This study also estimates access mode choice models for business and nonbusiness travel, indicating that access mode choice is significantly more affected by demographic characteristics of nonbusiness travel air passengers than those for business travel passengers.

The present condition of the airport access railroad of the metropolitan area, and proposal of a new proposal

The present condition of the airport access railroad of the metropolitan area, and proposal of a new proposal

Factors affecting airport access mode choice for elderly air passengers

This research investigates whether elderly air passengers exhibit different mode choice behavior in regard to airport ground access. Using survey data from a Taiwanese sample, our results show that elderly air passengers prefer to ask family members to drive them to the airport, while general passengers prefer to take a taxi. The results also indicate that “safety” is the most important item in the choice of access mode and “user friendly” and “convenience for storing luggage” as the next most important items for the elderly. Elderly passengers are found to be less likely to use public transport than private transport. Factors such as “possessing a car in their household”, “carrying more luggage”, “spending more time spent in the vehicle”, and “higher ticket prices for public transport” increase the propensity for the elderly to use private transport.

Modified Importance - Performance Analysis of Airport Facilities- A Case Study of Cochin International Airport Limited

This study aims to measure passengers’ perception of the importance of the four factors of check-in facility, amenities, terminal facilities, and airport accessibility facility with regard to their visit to the airport and their perceived level of performance of the particular facility and the resulting gap. Using purposive sampling method, data was collected from the departing passengers of the Cochin International Airport Limited. A modified importance-performance analysis (IPA) method is developed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods with the help of structural equations for the purpose of this study. For the analysis, initially an input model was developed by using AMOS-7 graphics. This initial model is refined to reach the final model. An empirical case study of the perceptions of the passengers about the importance and performance of the facilities at the airport is provided in this paper to test the effectiveness and suitability of the modified IPA and gap analysis in the measurement of the level of performance of a facility. Result of the gap analysis shows that except the check-in facilities there is a gap between importance and satisfaction levels of passengers in respect of the facilities and, the airport authorities should give more attention to the facility management at the airport.

Funding Major Airport Ground Access Projects

Funding projects to improve the intermodal connectivity between the surface transportation system and airports is often complicated by the need to draw on a range of funding programs and sources, each with its own project eligibility requirements and regulations. This paper presents seven case studies of the funding sources used for a range of major intermodal airport ground access projects in the United States that were completed in the past 12 years or were under construction. The case studies were undertaken as part of a recently completed research study that investigated collaborative funding strategies to facilitate airport ground access. The projects included a major intermodal center, two automated people mover links between airports and nearby rail stations, two airport access highway projects, and two extensions of rail transit systems to airports. The funding sources for the seven projects varied widely with the nature and location of the project. All seven projects involved some collaboration between local, state, and federal agencies in developing the funding plan for each project, although the number of agencies involved varied, with the larger projects generally having more agencies involved in providing funding. This experience suggests that developing a funding plan for such projects requires the involvement of a broad range of stakeholder agencies in planning and implementing the project.

인천국제공항 접근교통시설의 현황분석 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

As Incheon International Airport(IIA) is located in an island 50-km away from Seoul, various travel equipments for access are required. So far two connecting bridges are constructed funded by civilian funds. For the further bridge construction, the reduction of forecast traffic amount and the government subsidy for the civilian funds are big issues. Comparing the access traffics of IIA to those other competing airports, traffic conditions inside the airport are superior to other competing airports from the management point of view, as utilization conditions and equipment capacities are periodically monitored and evaluated to set up comprehensive countermeasures following constructing by stages. However, while the accessability to IIA is very important, as IIA is built on an island the conflicts between near-by developers and traffic facility operators make further bridge construction difficult. As improving the accessibility to an airport is not easy to achieve only by the IIA management's efforts, the central government level authorities should organize a committee with agencies concerned and analyze the characteristics of access traffic periodically to suggest reform measures for each organization concerned to implement appropriate undertakings at apt timing. For the future, central government's level empirical research on the airport accessibility for synthetic and systematic plan set-up is expected.

Estimation of transverse ground surface settlement induced by DOT shield tunneling

Double-O-Tube (DOT) shield tunneling has attracted increasing attention because it offers cost-efficiency in underground construction. Prediction of DOT shield induced ground surface settlement is crucial to underground construction in densely populated urban areas since excessive settlement could trigger potential damage to existing structures. Hitherto, there have not been many studies on this aspect, as only three regions: Japan, Shanghai and Taipei have adopted this tunneling technique. The transverse ground surface settlements induced by the closure of tail void of a DOT shield that formed a portion of the Taoyuan International Airport Access Mass Rapid Transit system in Taipei have been used and back-analyzed using the empirical equation that assumed the settlement profile over a tunnel to be a Gaussian distribution curve and the finite element (FE) analysis. The results showed that the ground surface settlement trough of the DOT tunnel could be conveniently and reliably estimated using the empirical equation, while the FE simulated result was unsatisfactory. Nevertheless, the FE simulation revealed that the ratio of the maximum ground surface settlement to the depth of tunnel axis is linearly proportional to the stress reduction ratio of the ground.

Making Tracks: Rail Networks in World Cities

Urban rail networks are a critical component of successful cities able to compete at a global level in the twenty-first century. They enhance a city's economic efficiency, quality of life, and image through their traditional role as provider of local mobility between home, work, and leisure, as well as their new role in supporting global mobility between airports, business districts, and other critical economic nodes as a strategy to attract highly mobile high-human-capital individuals, investment, and tourists. Using a database of 140 urban rail transit systems at five intervals since 1970, we rank cities using an index that tracks each system's level of population exposure as well as its provision of airport access. We find that (1) higher ranked producer service cities provide better quality local and global mobility; (2) investment in urban rail has dramatically shifted to Asia and that continent's megacities are poised to become leaders in providing high levels of local and global mobility; and (3) some developing world cities neglected in the world cities literature have invested in global over local mobility.