Airline Research Articles

An Investigation of the Altman Z-Score Measure and Return on Equity (ROE) of Firms in the Airline Industry

This research measures the relationship between the Altman Z-Score, a measure of a firm’s financial health, and the Return on Equity (ROE), a measure of a firm’s profitability for a sample of airline companies. The period of the study covers 2014 to 2022 and uses linear regression to examine the relationship between ROE (dependent variable) and the Z-Score (independent variable). Our data set contains sixty-five (65) airline firms traded on twenty-eight (28) stock exchanges. Our initial hypothesis is that a positive and statistically significant relationship exists between the two variables over the examined period. Further research will look at the relationship in other sectors of the markets.

COVID-19 and Global Passenger Airline Bankruptcies 2020 to 2022

After the COVID-19 pandemic and worldwide government shutdowns took place in early 2020, many questioned the solvency of the passenger airline industry. This paper studies global airline bankruptcies in the two years from the beginning of the crisis and models the financial sufficiency of the largest U.S.-based passenger airlines to try to model the industrywide pressure that was borne from an exogenous shock with such a high magnitude.

On the nexus between CO2 emissions and the air transportation sector in the European Union and Turkey: accessing evidence from wavelet coherence analysis.

The coronavirus disease has had a devastating impact on the airline industry worldwide. However, the cancellation of flights has also enormously reduced CO2 emissions in the air. The present study empirically explores the environmental impact of the sectoral lockdown within the EU28 and Turkey by leveraging the wavelet coherence transform (WCT) technique. The results revealed that there is a positive correlation between the number of passengers carried and CO2 emissions. In the short run, during the pandemic, there is a strong positive linkage between the number of passengers carried and CO2 emissions, while in the long run, there are also positive and meaningful relationships between the number of passengers carried and CO2 emissions between 2014 and 2022. The result also indicates that, on a quarterly basis, there was a sharp decline in CO2 emissions caused by the airline industry during the period of 2020-2021. The reverse effect was also detected, which has empirically validated the hypothesis that, during the pandemic, pollution in the atmosphere has declined because of the cancellation of flights. This confirms the hypothesis that there is positive feedback causality between passengers carried and CO2 emissions. This finding has also been supported in the existing energy literature. These outcomes have implications for environmental sustainability targets in the EU and Turkey, as the recovery of international passenger traffic will proceed at a very close pace. More policy caveats are elucidated in the conclusion section.

Insomnia among female flight attendants: Related factors and its association with mental health.

Sleep and mental health are very important in the aviation industry. Reports show that gender is one of the risk factors of insomnia, and most Asian flight attendants are female. Therefore, it is necessary to understand insomnia, and the correction to mental health among female flight attendants. To investigate the prevalence of insomnia in female flight attendants and its association with mental health. We used a cross-sectional design. We recruited 412 female flight attendants with more than 3 months of working experience. We collected the socio-demographic and work-related data, measured insomnia and mental health by the Athens Insomnia and Brief Symptom Rating Scales. Descriptive statistics, single-factor analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed to analyze the relationships. There are 45.4% of female flight attendants having insomnia, and 24.8% had suspicious insomnia. The most considerable and serious insomnia problem was falling asleep (15.3%, 4.9%). Factors related to insomnia include smoking, drinking, family load (e.g., housekeeping and caring for family), economic stress and late-night/early morning workdays during last month. Also, insomnia had a direct association with mental health (T = 17.11, p < 0.001). We found that insomnia is negatively correlated with the above factors and mental health. We recommend that airline industries can run their sleep-education programs and provide relevant mental-health-promotion programs for flight attendants.

PLACEMENT OF ROBOTIC MISSILE DEFENSE COMPLEXES ON AN UNMANNED AIR VEHICLE

Objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine need a multi-level anti-missile defense system, which should protect against various types of missiles with a flight range of several tens to several hundreds of kilometers. Timely detection of missiles allows for a number of measures aimed at interception and destruction of targets, the use of radio-electronic warfare, the installation of interfering and obstructing obstacles in various ranges of radio waves, as well as the inclusion of optical and thermal traps. The use of robotic complexes placed on aerostats increases the effectiveness of modern surface-to-air missile system (SAMS) many times over in the fight against low-flying targets with massed strikes of cruise missiles. The location of radar at an altitude of several kilometers ensures the detection range of low-flying targets several times greater than that of ground-based radar. This is of particular importance for SAMS when firing at targets beyond the radio horizon. The transfer of data about the location of the target from the radar of the air carrier to the air defense system and its illumination and guidance radar (at least the approximate location) provides the opportunity to bring the anti-missile to the point of inclusion of its homing head. It is proposed to modernize the radar with an active phased antenna array used on fighters to increase the range and installation on airships and balloons. This will ensure the effectiveness of defense against missile attacks, detection and tracking of up to 100 targets at distances of about 40...400 km. At the same time, the weight of the radar within the range of 200...500 kg and the dimensions of the antennas up to 1 meter are permissible for installation on large balloons. Countries for which attacks of various types of missiles are a real threat need a multi-level anti-missile system, in particular, using robotic complexes placed on air carriers. Keywords: anti-missile defense, radar station, balloon, airship.

A Proposed Performance Assessment System for Sustainable Recruitment Processes for Experienced Cabin Attendants: The PAS Model

Among airlines, the continuous increase in the transfer of cabin crews is noteworthy. This phenomenon can be attributed to the perception held by most airlines that experienced cabin attendants play a pivotal role in gaining a competitive advantage. Hence, airlines seek to transfer in experienced cabin attendants who enhance service quality, align with industry standards, and support ongoing improvement initiatives. This study aims to formulate a standardized performance assessment system for airlines to address challenges encountered by transferred cabin crews stemming from the difficulty of moving their past performance data to the receiving airlines. In this research, the triangulation technique was adopted to develop recommendations for the Turkish airline industry that can address the challenges airlines face during transfers of experienced cabin crew. Within the framework of the acquired information, a proposed performance assessment system for sustainable recruitment processes for experienced cabin attendants, termed the PAS model, is suggested. It is recommended that the proposed model undergo thorough investigation and implementation across various airlines, each adhering to different business models, through the International Air Transport Association (IATA). This would then contribute to sustainable professional career management of cabin attendants and enhance decision-making processes of managers, particularly in strategic human resources management, such as procurement and recruitment activities.

A Multi-Modal Profiling Fraud-Detection System for Capturing Suspicious Airline Ticket Activities

Although the most widely studied datasets in fraud-detection systems belong to the banking sector, the aviation industry is susceptible to fraud activities that seriously harm airline companies. Therefore, big airline companies have started to purchase or develop their own fraud-detection systems in order to prevent their financial loss and prestige decline. Chronological order and temporal flow are intrinsically of high importance in fraud detection in the banking sector as well as in airline sale channels. Therefore, the transactions in the datasets used in fraud-detection systems should be evaluated not only according to the information they contain but also according to the past transactions they are linked to. One of the best ways to raise awareness about the connected past transactions to the fraud-detection system is to profile the data fields whose historical data is important and dynamically place these profiles on each transaction. In this study, we first draw the baseline, i.e., the first touch in this field, for fraud detection in aviation and then introduce a novel multi-modal profiling mechanism based on deep learning for the detection of fraudulent airline ticket activities. We achieved great success by feeding the new features obtained from those profiles into a deep neural network that is fine-tuned by adjusting the well-known hyperparameters regarding the aviation data. Thanks to the combination of profiling and deep learning, the F1 score of the proposed system reaches up to 89.3% and 93.2% in terms of quantity-based success and cost-based success, respectively.

Factors Influencing the Airline Decision-Making Process in Planning Pricing Mechanisms in the Nigerian Aviation Industry

The airline industry is faced with a lot of challenges based on their various operations in terms of the carriage of goods and passengers. Part of this challenge is the issue of the best pricing strategies to be adopted. Prior to setting fare, the airline industry considered a number factors before the decision is implemented looking at customer satisfaction and profit making. Therefore, based on that, this study set out to assess the factors that influence airline pricing decisions in the Nigerian airline industry. The scope of the study covers all the domestic airlines operating in Nigeria. A questionnaire was administered to three hundred forty-nine staff consist of three categories of staffers (directorate, managerial, and supervisory) of all the domestic airlines in Nigeria. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Eleven variables (factors) were selected as attributes and tested. These include: demand, cost of inputs and supply, prevailing market airfare price, prices (fares) of alternative modes, route status, period (time) of supply and demand, distance between origin and destination, landing fees, availability of slots in peak periods, security on the origin-destination (O-D) market, and availability of aircraft maintenance. The results revealed that distance between the origin and destination, time of supply, and demand are the most significant factors influencing airline pricing decisions in the Nigerian airline industry. Therefore, based on the findings of the study, the study recommends that the airline industry must ensure that passengers are fully informed if prices are changed and also ensure the security of passengers from origin to destination.

Non-technical skills and teamwork in trauma: from the emergency department to the operating room.

Management of a trauma patient is a challenging process. Swift and accurate clinical assessment is required and time-sensitive decisions and life-saving procedures must be performed in an unstable patient. This requires a coordinated response by both the emergency room (ER) and operating room (OR) teams. However, a team of experts does not necessarily make an expert team. Root cause analysis of adverse events in surgery has shown that failures in coordination, planning, task management and particularly communication are the main causes for medical errors. While most research is focused on the ER trauma team, the trauma OR team also deserves attention. In fact, OR team dynamics may resemble more the ER team than the elective OR team. ER and OR trauma teams assemble on short notice, and their members, who are from different specialties and backgrounds, may not train regularly together or even know each other beforehand. And yet, they have to perform high-risk procedures and make high stake decisions, in a time-sensitive manner. The airline industry has long recognized the role of team training and non-technical skills (NTS) in reducing hazards. The implementation of the so called crew resource management or crisis resource management (CRM) has significantly made airline travel safer and the transposition to the medical context, with specific training in non-technical skills, has also brought great benefits. In fact, it is clear that adoption of non-technical skills (NTS) in healthcare has led to an increase in patient safety. In this narrative review we recapitulate some of the key non-technical skills and their relevance in trauma, with a focus on both the emergency department (ER) and the operating room (OR) teams, as well as on the transition of care from one to the other. Also, we explore the use of debriefing the team, as well as the roles of NTS training in both undergraduate and postgraduate settings. We review some of the existing trauma training courses and their roles in developing NTS. Finally, we briefly address the challenges posed by the development of trauma hybrid operating rooms.

Sustainable airline planning and scheduling

With sustainability becoming one of the core topics in politics, public discussion and, consequently, in various industries, the airline industry, as one of the major greenhouse gas emitters in the transport sector, has also come under scrutiny. Despite many advanced models for airline planning and scheduling, most models do not explicitly consider sustainability issues. Our paper extends existing research by including the five most strategic stages of the airline planning and scheduling process along with explicitly emphasizing sustainability considerations. We use the resulting mixed-integer quadratically constrained problem in a computational study to show that airlines in our setting can reduce the number of flights (and thereby the level of emissions) without the need to make a substantial sacrifice in profitability. Due to the complexity of the problem, the results also indicate the need for a solver specialized in efficiently solving mixed-integer convex problems.

Airline Management and Customer Experience an Empirical Study from Indian Aviation Sector

In a consumer-driven industry, airlines fight for customers. This study investigates Airline Management and customer experience to attract and retain consumers. Aviation client satisfaction and trip are also assessed. Airlines must stand out with inventive management in a crowded market. Digital management, loyalty programs, pricing, and branding are airline strategies. Understanding how airlines employ these tactics to stand out in a crowded business is crucial to customer acquisition. Any airline's success hinges on customer pleasure. This research explores how airlines affect bookingto- disembarking, focusing on customer service, in-flight experiences, and ground services. It examines how smartphone apps, self-service kiosks, and in-flight entertainment improve passenger experiences. Aviation customer experience assessment is difficult. On-time performance, cabin comfort, and service quality impact consumer happiness and loyalty, according to this study. It stresses data-driven decision-making and tailored service to customize user experiences. Airlines can enhance management and passenger experience using this study. In a competitive industry with fast technological change, airlines must understand management and customer experience. Airline management and customer experience are the focus of this study report. This study studies customer retention and the passenger journey to understand the airline industry's dynamic and customer-centric nature.

Enhancing Customer Satisfaction in the Airline Industry: A Case Study of Delta Airlines

Customer satisfaction plays an increasingly important role as it drives customer loyalty, fosters positive brand image, and provides a competitive advantage. Airlines that prioritize customer satisfaction are better positioned to thrive in a highly competitive market, attract and retain customers, and achieve long-term success. This paper focuses on enhancing customer satisfaction in the airline industry, with a specific case study of Delta Airlines. The study utilizes sentiment analysis techniques to analyze customer reviews from Skytrax and conducts a comprehensive SWOT analysis. Based on the analysis, targeted suggestions are provided to Delta, including leveraging technology to reduce the negative impact of delays, establishing uniform service standards, broadening global networks and partnerships, committing to sustainability and ESG initiatives, and ensuring quick responses to policy changes. However, the study acknowledges limitations such as reliance on a single data platform, the subjective nature of sentiment analysis, and the oversimplification inherent in SWOT analysis.In all, this study helps Delta to improve its customer satisfaction and contributes an research example to explore customer satisfaction in the airline industry.

Evaluate the Impact on the Chinese Air-traffic after the Opening of the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on ARIMA Model

After the 3 years control of COVID-19 pandemic, all aspects of control were opened, it has many impacts in every regard. The essay uses the ARIMA model to predict the turnover and the stocking price of the aviation after the opening of the pandemic, then use these testing data to compare with the actual data, so that the difference between these data can illustrates the impact of the opening on the airline industry. The main findings are that this policy would cause the stock price boost greatly, then fluctuated, came back to the normal trend and even declined. The meaning of this research is to evaluate the counterplan and prospect of the airline industry in the future using the actual data to enhance the accuracy. There are some advice for the policy makers, investors, for policy makers and controllers, for example, the investors should sell their stock in short term after the open of the pandemic since the stock price will experience a dramatically decrease. The controllers should lead the investors to avoid the excessive invests which will disturb the aviation stock market.

Twitter Sentiment Analysis of the Low-Cost Airline Services After COVID-19 Outbreak: The Case of AirAsia

Abstract Background Public opinion about experience and expectation on services that appear on Twitter platforms provides valuable insights into satisfaction and experience. Objectives This research investigates consumer perception and opinion toward AirAsia’s services after the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods/Approach A framework is proposed by integrating the customer satisfaction model with the digital service quality dimension: product quality, price, situational factors, personal factors, service quality, and digital service quality. Nvivo is used to extract and analyse Twitter data for sentiment analysis, thematic analysis, and word frequency calculations. Results Findings demonstrated that AirAsia had received more negative sentiments than positive sentiments, indicating a lower level of satisfaction across all dimensions of customer satisfaction. Conclusions This research provides the airline industry, especially AirAsia, with an opportunity to better understand the sentiments and preferences of its customers. AirAsia can use the findings of this research to evaluate the quality of their services, especially in terms of service quality, to improve customer satisfaction, gain customer loyalty, and enhance customer experience.

The Effect of Linking Customers’ Purchasing Intention to the Brand to the Application on Airline Companies (Egypt Air)

The Effect of Linking Customers’ Purchasing Intention to the Brand to the Application on Airline Companies (Egypt Air)

Analysis of Boarding Strategies on an Airbus A320 Using Discrete Event Simulation

Boarding time constitutes a critical element of turnaround time, which is used to measure the efficiency of airline operations. Therefore, to reduce boarding time, it is imperative to reconsider traditional passenger boarding strategies to make them more efficient. In this sense, this study seeks to analyze the impact of different strategies on boarding times using discrete event simulation on an Airbus 320. Seven boarding strategies have been identified and considered in our study, as follows: random, back-to-front, outside-in, reverse pyramid, blocks, Steffen, and modified optimal. The impact of carrying hand luggage and the presence of priority passengers has been considered, as well as the impact of having a continuous arrival of passengers during the boarding process versus having all passengers available at boarding time. In general, simulation results have pointed out that the outside-in and reverse pyramid strategies are the most effective, improving boarding time by up to 15%, when compared to the random strategy. Moreover, the back-to-front strategy, which is generally implemented by airline companies, has been shown to be the most inefficient strategy. Efficient boarding strategies are expected to contribute to the sustainability of air travel by minimizing the turnaround time, improving operational efficiency, and reducing emissions.

CFD-3D and 1D modeling of fuel cell powertrain for a hydrogen vehicle

As it is known the transport sector represents a major contributor to climate change. In particular, private transport contributes to the degradation of the air quality inside the cities or the residential areas. To address this issue, a progressive reduction of the use of fossil fuels as a primary energy source for these vehicles and the promotion of cleaner powertrain alternatives is in order. This study focuses on designing a fuel cell powertrain for a hydrogen-powered passenger car using numerical modeling. To this purpose, we initially modeled a base fuel cell and optimized its performance by using various materials for the bipolar plates and adjusting the platinum loading between the anode and cathode. Then, a preliminary design of the new powertrain has been proposed in order to achieve a nominal power of 100 kW and it has been tested on a WLTP 3b homologation cycle. Finally, we have been able to numerically estimate the behavior of the three main feeding line: hydrogen line, air line and cooling line. In conclusion, the obtained results demonstrate how numerical modelling can be successfully used in the design of complex systems such as those related to alternative energy. This work also provides a solid basis for the future development of increasingly efficient and environmentally friendly hydrogen vehicles.

Dönüşümcü Liderliğin Havayolu İşletmelerinin Başarısındaki Rolünü İncelemeye Yönelik Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma: Bulutların Üstüne Tırmanırken ve From Worst To First Kitaplarının İncelenmesi

The aviation sector is highly affected by technological, political and economic developments. It is an undeniable fact that businesses must keep up with these rapid changes and developments, especially as they are affected by technological developments. The leadership styles and leadership characteristics of the managers are not only effective in the formation of a certain culture, but also in the life course of the enterprises and the processes of adapting to the changes. This adaptation process can be reduced and the faster adaptation can be achieved, the business success will follow in parallel. Based on this view, in our study, the effect of leadership characteristics of managers in airline companies on business success has been examined. The aim of the study is to explain the transformational leadership characteristics of managers in airline companies and the roles of these characteristics in the positive or negative processes of airline businesses. In the study, "Bulutların Üstüne Tırmanırken" and "From Worst To First" books' content analysis was made by considering the subjects of airline management, leadership and transformational leadership. At the end of research; It has been concluded that leaders do not take risks and display an innovative approach in times of crisis.

No-Show Passenger Prediction for Flights

In aviation, “no-show” refers to a customer who booked a reservation but failed to show up. No-shows can result in various resource wastes, such as vacant seats, leading to income loss and flight delays. As a result, no-show passengers can cause considerable problems for airlines, ultimately affecting their bottom line. Recent research has shown the use of machine learning algorithms to reduce the rate of no-shows. For example, a researcher in healthcare is using a predictive model to identify no-shows’ patients to increase efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to develop prediction models to predict passenger no-shows. In this work, we used a dataset supplied by a local airline company consisting of 1,046,486 rows and 8 columns. Additional datasets like weather data, public holiday data of different countries, aircraft details, and foot traffic data are used to carry out the dataset's feature enrichment task to complement the original dataset. As a result, feature selection has become an important stage in this research to identify and pick the most relevant and useful features from the enormous number of columns. The findings showed that the model built using Random Forest has the highest accuracy of 90.4%, while Decision Tree performed at 90.2%, Gradient Boosting at 86.5%, and Neural Networks at 67.6%. To enhance the accuracy of the models, further research efforts are essential to integrate supplementary passenger information.

Getting out or switching to part‐time: Gender disparities in the impacts of corporate restructuring

Whereas the literature on gender disparities in cases of large‐scale corporate restructuring focuses on discrimination in top‐down processes, this article analyses why employee self‐selection continues to yield gender inequalities. Based on the case study of an airline company and using mixed methods, the results indicate that men are more likely to accept voluntary redundancy and less likely to switch to subsidized part‐time work. While women work part‐time mostly to improve their work–life balance, men appear to be more sensitive to financial incentives and more prepared to retrain in a secondary activity. These findings suggest that restructuring amplifies women's existing labour market vulnerabilities, even under voluntary redundancy plans.